STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN PADA EKOSISTEM MANGROVE DI DESA BASULE KECAMATAN LASOLO KABUPATEN KONAWE UTARA

Abstract

Abstrak : Desa Basule memiliki potensi ekosistem mangrove yang terus mengalami penerunan kualitas dan kuantitas sejalan dengan terus meningkatnya penangkapan yang merusak dan terus menurunnya komonitas ikan di daerah ekosistem mangrove, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang kondisi sumber daya ikan yang terdapat di perairan tersebut sehingga dapat menjadi suatu informasi ilmiah yang berguna untuk pengelolaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi ikan, menganalisa struktur komunitas ikan hubungannya dengan aspek fisika-kimia perairan di kawasan mangrove Desa Basule. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama 3 bulan bertempat di kawasan ekosistem mangrove Desa Basule. Stasiun penelitian ditentukan berdasarkan kerapatan mangrove dengan menentukan daerah mangrove kondisi tutupan padat, sedang dan jarang. Data yang dianalisis meliputi: indeks nilai penting mangrove, komposisi jenis ikan, struktur komunitas ikan dan analisis korelasi (PCA dan CA). Selama penelitian jumlah total ikan yang berhasil diidentifikasi dari ketiga stasiun di daerah ekosostem mangrove sebanyak 17 jenis dari 14 famili dan 14 genus. Nilai keanekaragaman tergolong rendah sampai sedang dengan kisaran 0,580-1,552, nilai keseragaman tergolong rendah dengan kisaran 0,130-0336 dan nilai dominansi tergolong ada dan tidak ada dominansi dengan kisaran 0,309-0,732. Hasil analisis PCA menjelaskan bahwa parameter lingkungan yang menjadi penciri adalah parameter salinitas (0,81), DO (0,97), nitrat (0,97) dan suhuà (0,81).à Hasil analisis CA ditemukan 3 kelompok. Kelompok I dicirikan oleh Chanos-chanos, Leiognatus sp, Parupeneus sp, Sphyraena genie, Tylosurus crocodilus dan Bibisa. Kelompok II dicirikan oleh Caranx sexfasciatus, Saurida tumbil, Periopthalmus argentiliniatus, Oreochromis mossambicus, Scatophagus argus dan Therapon theraps. Kelompok III dicirikan oleh Gires filementous, Girres oyena, Valamugil speigteri, Lutjanus sp dan Kooko.

Kata Kunci : Ekosistem Mangrove, Struktur Komunitas Ikan, Korelasi, Desa Basule

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Abstract : Basule Village had a potential of mangrove ecosystems which continued in decreasing of quality and quantity in line with the increasing of destructive fishing and also declining of fish communities in the mangrove ecosystem area, so researcher needed to conduct the research about the condition of fish resources in the waters of Basule Village so that it can become a scientific information which was useful for management. This research aimed to determine the composition of fish and analyzed the structure of fish communities in relation with the physical-chemical aspects of waters in the mangrove area of Basule Village. This research was conducted for 3 months which located in the mangrove ecosystem area of Besule Village. The research station was determined based on the density of mangroves by determining the conditions of solid, medium, and rare cover in the mangrove area. Data analysis included the important of index value of mangrove, the composition of fish species, fish community structure, and correlation analysis (PCA and CA). During the research, the total number of fish that identified from the three stations in the mangrove ecosystem area was 17 species from 14 families and 14 genera. The diversity value was classified as low to moderate with a range of 0.580-1.552, the uniformity value was classified as low with a range of 0.130-0.336 and the dominance value was classified as there was dominance and there was no dominance in the range of 0.309-0.732. The results of the PCA analysis explained that the environmental parameters that identified were salinity (0.81), DO (0.97), nitrate (0.97) and temperature (0.81) parameters. The results of CA analysis found 3 groups. Group I was characterized by Chanos-chanos, Leiognatus sp, Parupeneus sp, Sphyraena Genie, Tylosurus Crocodilus and Bibisa. Group II was characterized by Caranx Sexfasciatus, Saurida Tumbil, Periopthalmus Argentiliniatus, Oreochromis Mossambicus, Scatophagus Argus and Therapon Theraps. Group III was characterized by Filementous Gires, Girres Oyena, Valamugil Speigteri, Lutjanus sp and Kooko.

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Keywords : Mangrove Ecosystem, Fish Community Structure, Correlation, Basule Village