Jurnal Biologi Tropis
type: channel
description: Jurnal Biologi Tropis (ISSN Print 1411-9587 and ISSN Online 2549-7863). Journal of tropical biology, starting in 2022, will be published in four editions per year, namely: January - March; April - June; July - September and October - December. Our focus is the result of research about Biology, Biology sains, Ecosystem, Forestry. Jurnal Biologi Tropis also collaborates with The International Conference on Bioscience and Biotechnology (ICBB) E-mail: jb.tropis@unram.ac.id
publisher: Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia
language: en-US
publication name: Jurnal Biologi Tropis
issn: 1411-9587
copyright: Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles. Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
items: The Effect of Sawdust and Cocopeat Planting Media on Root Growth in Grafting of Mahkota Dewa Plants (Phaleria Macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.)
items: Morphological Characteristics of Coral Reefs in the Marine Waters of South Buton Regency
items: The Potential Application of IoT and Multispectral UAV Soil Sensor Technology in Sorgum (Sorgum bicolor L. Moench) Cultivation in Dry Land in Pujut District, Central Lombok Regency
items: Ethnomedical Study of Skin Diseases (Smallpox, Measles, and Hives) in North Pringgajurang Village, District of East Lombok
items: Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria in Goats in Pematang Gajah, Jambi
items: Application of Recombinant DNA Technology (RDT) in Insulin Production as Diabetes Mellitus Therapy: Systematic Literature Review
items: Diversity of Waterbirds in the Mangrove Area of Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh
items: Evaluation of Antidiabetic Drug use Profile in Outpatients at A Private Hospital in Bandar Lampung City
items: Optimization of Hatching Rate in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Through Aquatic Plant Substrate Combinations
items: Carbon Stock Estimation in Tanjung Plants (Mimusops elengi L.) in the Campus Forest of Surabaya State University
items: Length-Weight Relationship of Bullet Tuna (Auxis rochei) Landed at Kendari Ocean Fishing Port
items: Effect of Fermentation of Palm Kernel Meal by a Bacterial and Yeast Consortium on Nutritional Quality
items: Detection and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella spp. in Peranakan Etawa Goats
items: Genetic Research Trends in Caffeine Biosynthesis of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora)
items: Influence of Light Wavelength on the Growth Performance and Protein Content of Arthrospira platensis
items: Carbon Footprint Optimization in The Palm Oil Industry
items: Description of Aedes sp Mosquito Population Density Based on Ovitrap Index in Babadan Hamlet Sukoharjo
items: Biocontrol of Beauveria bassiana Against Leptocorisa acuta in Rice (Oryza sativa)
items: The Expansion of Palm Oil Plantation and the Crisis of Orangutan Habitat in Indonesia: A Literature Review
items: Characterization of Fern Spores in the Treehouse Ecotourism Area of Waai Village, Central Maluku
items: Qualitative Analysis of Borax (Sodium Tetraborate) Content in Meatballs in Pidie Regency
items: An Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Gout by the Community of Bandung City
items: Pathogenic Bacterial Genes Resistant to Antibiotics in Chickens: Systematic Literature Review
items: Density and Community Structure of Terrestrial Insects in an Integrated Agricultural Laboratory in Jagan, Sukoharjo, Indonesia
items: Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) Residues in Cattle Liver: A Comparative Study in Mining and Non-Mining Zones
items: Literature Review: Variant of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil) in West Kalimantan
items: Profile of MYH9 SNP RS3752462 Gene Polymorphism in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients with Hypertension
items: Overview of MYH9 Gene Polymorphism SNP RS3752462 in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy
items: Evaluating Changes in the Sensory Profiles of Smoked Fish Across Different Processors During Storage
items: Bivalve Biodiversity in Ekas Waters as an Indicator of Aquatic Environmental Quality
items: Photoperiod Extension Enhances Lettuce Performance Across LED Spectra in an Indoor Vertical Farming Setup
items: Multilocus Analysis of DNA Barcodes of matK, rbcL, and ITS in the Asteraceae Family
items: Analysis of Three DNA Barcoding (matK, rbcL, ITS) in the Anacardiaceae Family
items: Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) on Alloxan-Induced Toxicity
items: Impact of NPK Briquette Fertilizer on the Growth and Nitrogen Absorption of Tomato
items: Effects of Processing on Cadmium Accumulation and Dietary Risk Assessment in Penaeus merguiensis from Sungsang, South Sumatra, Indonesia
items: Growth Response, Flavonoid Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Mustard Microgreen under Reduced Water Availability
items: Nutritional Quality of a Mixture of Indigofera sp. Leaves and Banana Steams Fermented Using Ma-11 Inoculant at Different Doses
items: Fermentation of Banana Stem and Indigofera sp. Leaves Using MA-11 with Different Fermentation Durations on Nutritional Quality
items: Evaluation of Land Suitability for Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Banyuroto, Nanggulan Subdistrict, Kulonprogo Regency, Yogyakarta
items: Behavior and Predatory Ability of Several Predatory Insects at Different Prey Densities
items: Growth Response of Golden Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Allisha F1 Variety to Different Planting Media Combinations
items: Streptomyces spp. as a Biological Control Agent for Xanthomonas oryzae: A Strategy to Improve National Food Security; Review Article
items: Phylogenetic Analysis of Groupers at Labuhan Lombok Based on CO1 Gene
items: Carbon Stock Potential of Mangrove Species in South Lombok Coastal Ecotourism Area
items: A Review on Talas Beneng (Xanthosoma undipes K. Koch) and Its Role in Food Security
items: Antibacterial Activity of Red Algae Extract (Eucheuma cottonii) Against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacteria
items: The Impact of Bokashi and NPK Fertilizer Applications on Pakchoy (Brassica rapa L.) Growth
items: Understorey Plant Diversity in Imbo Putui Customary Forest, Kampar Regency, Riau
items: Insect Diversity and Dominance on Malay Apple (Syzygium malaccense L.) Plantation at Liwa Botanical Garden, West Lampung, Indonesia
items: Intermitten Fasting and Caloric Restriction in Adults: Differential Effect on Cognitive Function and Neurobiological Outcomes: A Systematic Review
items: Exploring Antidiabetic Properties of Stingless Bee Pollen and Kasturi Mango (Mangifera casturi) Leaves: Comparative Review
items: Physical and Chemical Characteristic Analysis of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Chicken Manure and Mustard Greens Waste
items: Public Response to Waste from The Rejeki Gangsar Slaughterhouse in Bulurejo
items: The Effect of No-Shearing Treatment on the Growth of Eucalyptus Seedlings (Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell)
items: Effects of Incubation Temperature Variation on Embryonic Development Rate, Hatching time, Abnormality and Survival of Larval Sea Urchin Salmacis sphaeroides
items: The Effect of Differences in The Use of EM4 Doses in The Fermentation of Teak Leaves (Tectona grandis) with The Addition of Molasses on Nutrient Content
items: Analysis of Traders’ Satisfaction with the Quality of Beef Products at the Slaughterhouse of the Department of Food Security, Agriculture, and Fisheries (DKP3), Sragen Regency
items: Article Review: The Role of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis in Rice Planthoponus Control and Food Security
items: Zinc (Zn) Accumulation in Mantis Shrimp (Harpiosquilla raphidea) from Sungsang, Banyuasin
items: Analysis of the Pollution Index of Cadmium and Lead in Paddy Fields in Tempuran Subdistrict, Karawang Regency
items: Analysis of Arsenic and Chromium Content and Pollution Index in Rice Fields in Tempuran Subdistrict, Karawang Regency
items: Optimization Yield and Physical Characteristics of Household-Scale Coconut Oil through Various Simple Extraction Methods
items: The Effect of Cooling Pad Spacing in Closed Cages on Broiler Chicken Performance
items: Rural Agricultural Development and Farmer Empowerment in North Lombok Within The National Policy Framewor
items: Manganese (Mn) Accumulation in Jerbung Shrimp (Penaues merguensis) from the Sungsang Estuary, South Sumatra
items: The Effect of Adding Molasses to Avocado Seed Flour (Persea americana) Silage on Physical and Chemical Quality
items: Potential of Beauveria bassiana Controlling Nilaparvata lugens for Food Security: A Review Article
items: Inventory and Conservation Status of Herpetofauna Species at Tapos Resort, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park
items: Eutrophication in Indonesian Aquatic Systems: Causes and Ecological Consequences
items: Substitution of Maggot Flour (Hermetia Illucens) in Feed on The Performance of Male Peking Duck
items: Fermentation of Banana Stems with Indigofera sp using MA-11 on Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility

The Effect of Sawdust and Cocopeat Planting Media on Root Growth in Grafting of Mahkota Dewa Plants (Phaleria Macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.)
type: item
description: Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl., referred to as Mahkota Dewa, is a valuable medicinal plant with significant economic importance, requiring effective propagation methods to enhance its cultivation. Grafting is a frequently utilized technique, and its effectiveness is affected by the kind of growth medium used. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different planting media on root growth of grafted Mahkota Dewa. The research was carried out between January and March 2026 in Lubuk Minturun, employing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three different treatments: soil (P0), sawdust (P1), and cocopeat (P2), each consisting of six replications. The parameters monitored included the number of roots, root length, and dry weight of roots. Data were evaluated by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings showed that the type of growth medium did not have a significant impact (p>0.05) on any of the root growth parameters measured. These results imply that alternative mediums like sawdust and cocopeat can serve as replacements for soil without notably hindering root growth in grafted P. macrocarpa.
creator: Poni Delita Sari
creator: Vauzia Vauzia
creator: Moralita Chatri
creator: Irma Leilani Eka Putri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Poni Delita Sari, Vauzia Vauzia, Moralita Chatri, Irma Leilani Eka Putri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-09
publication date: 2026-05-09
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 617
ending page: 623
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11996

Morphological Characteristics of Coral Reefs in the Marine Waters of South Buton Regency
type: item
description: Coral reef ecosystems represent one of the most diverse marine systems and play a fundamental role in maintaining the ecological stability of coastal environments. Despite their importance, detailed information on coral species composition and morphological characteristics in many Indonesian coastal areas remains limited, including in the Bahari waters of Sampolawa District, South Buton Regency. This study aimed to examine coral species composition, analyze their distribution across different substrate types, and interpret the ecological implications of their morphological characteristics. Field surveys using a descriptive–exploratory approach. Data were collected through the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method along a 50 m transect line in shallow intertidal waters. Coral colonies intersecting the transect were documented and identified based on morphological traits using the Coral Finder Toolkit Indo-Pacific 3.0. The results recorded a total of 10 coral species belonging to five families: Acroporidae (50%), Agariciidae (20%), and Fungiidae, Leptastreidae, and Merulinidae (each 10%). Species distribution varied across substrate types, with rocky sand supporting the highest species richness (70%), followed by sandy substrates (50%), while seagrass–sand substrates supported only a limited number of species (10%). The dominance of branching corals, particularly from the genus Acropora, indicates environmental conditions characterized by high light availability and relatively stable substrates, while the occurrence of solitary forms such as Fungia reflects adaptive strategies to unstable sedimentary environments. These findings highlight a clear relationship between coral morphology, substrate stability, and environmental dynamics in intertidal reef systems. This study provides baseline ecological information on coral composition and morphology in the Bahari coastal waters and emphasizes the importance of substrate characteristics in shaping coral community structure.…
creator: Kusrini Kusrini
creator: La Aba
creator: Jumiati Jumiati
creator: Neneng Nurdianingsih
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kusrini Kusrini, La Aba, Jumiati Jumiati, Neneng Nurdianingsih http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 587
ending page: 595
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11542

The Potential Application of IoT and Multispectral UAV Soil Sensor Technology in Sorgum (Sorgum bicolor L. Moench) Cultivation in Dry Land in Pujut District, Central Lombok Regency
type: item
description: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a drought-tolerant crop with significant potential for dryland cultivation in Pujut District, Central Lombok Regency, Indonesia. This study reviews the potential application of Internet of Things (IoT) and multispectral Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technologies for precision sorghum cultivation in dryland ecosystems. A qualitative descriptive literature review was conducted, synthesizing 13 peer-reviewed studies on IoT sensor networks, UAV-based remote sensing, machine learning algorithms, and their integration in precision agriculture. The results indicate that IoT soil sensors can continuously monitor soil moisture, temperature, pH, and nutrient levels in Vertisol soils, while multispectral UAVs capture vegetation indices (NDVI, NDRE, CWSI) for biomass estimation, drought stress assessment, and yield prediction. The integration of both technologies, combined with machine learning approaches including ensemble learning and transfer learning, produces comprehensive crop health maps and site-specific management recommendations. The dryland characteristics of Pujut District, with Vertisol soils (pH 6.5–8.4) and limited water availability, are highly suitable for sorghum cultivation and would benefit substantially from precision agriculture interventions. A five-stage implementation framework is proposed, encompassing baseline survey, monitoring, analytics, precision management, and evaluation. Despite challenges including initial investment costs and technical capacity requirements, the long-term benefits of improved productivity and resource efficiency make IoT-UAV integration a viable strategy for sustainable dryland sorghum farming.
creator: Ardi Yoga Pramesthi
creator: Auliya Safitri
creator: Misbahuddin Misbahuddin
creator: Muhammad Husni Idris
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ardi Yoga Pramesthi Ardi, Auliya Safitri, Misbahuddin Misbahuddin, Muhammad Husni Idris http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-19
publication date: 2026-04-19
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11867

Ethnomedical Study of Skin Diseases (Smallpox, Measles, and Hives) in North Pringgajurang Village, District of East Lombok
type: item
description: In West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), infectious and allergic skin diseases occupy a significant role in the regional morbidity profile, with a relatively high number of cases. Treatment of skin diseases generally uses synthetic drugs such as antibiotics, antifungals, corticosteroids, and antihistamines. In addition to synthetic drug therapy, traditional medicine using medicinal plants can be used. Ethnomedicinal studies on skin disease treatment in East Lombok have never been conducted. People in North Pringgajurang Village, Montong Gading District, East Lombok Regency still believe in alternative medicine and use medicinal plants as traditional remedies. This study aims to determine the composition of ingredients, preparation and use methods, and the importance of certain plants for treating skin diseases by the belian in North Pringgajurang Village, Montong Gading District, East Lombok Regency. Informants were selected using the discriminatory snowball sampling method. Qualitative analysis was conducted through semi-structured interviews and quantitative analysis using the Index of Cultural Significance (ICS) for each plant species. Based on interviews with 5 informants, 12 species from 11 plant families were used to make herbal remedies for skin diseases. The herbal remedies were prepared by pounding, grinding, grating, chewing, and cutting and slicing thinly. There are 5 ways to use the herbal remedies for skin diseases: rubbing, applying, spraying, drinking, and dousing. The highest ICS score, 33, was obtained for the galangal plant (Kaempferia galanga).
creator: Winiayu Devhi Prasasthi
creator: Baiq Citra Azzahra Qotrunnada
creator: Anisa Sasvania
creator: Jasmine Zaskia Kaori
creator: Wiwin Azariani
creator: Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul Mukhlishah
creator: Nisa Isneni Hanifa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Winiayu Devhi Prasasthi, Baiq Citra Azzahra Qotrunnada, Anisa Sasvania, Jasmine Zaskia Kaori, Wiwin Azariani, Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul Mukhlishah, Nisa Isneni Hanifa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-19
publication date: 2026-04-19
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 13
ending page: 24
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11855

Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria in Goats in Pematang Gajah, Jambi
type: item
description: Limited knowledge among smallholder goat farmers regarding appropriate antibiotic use may contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in livestock-associated bacteria. This study aimed to identify bacterial isolates and evaluate antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria obtained from fecal and nasal mucosal swabs of goats in Pematang Gajah. Samples were collected from nine goats with three repeated examinations. Bacterial identification was performed using Gram staining followed by standard biochemical tests. The results showed that 8 of 9 isolates (≈90%) from fecal swabs exhibited biochemical characteristics consistent with Escherichia coli, including Indole (+), MR (+), VP (−), Citrate (−), TSIA A/A with gas production, positive motility, and metallic green sheen on EMB agar. A total of 7 of 9 isolates (≈76%) from nasal mucosal swabs demonstrated typical characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus, namely Gram-positive cocci, catalase-positive, coagulase-positive, mannitol fermentation positive, and β-hemolysis. Antibiotic susceptibility testing conducted on one isolate of E. coli and one isolate of S. aureus with three replications revealed the highest inhibition zones in E. coli against enrofloxacin (23.33 ± 0.58 mm) and gentamicin (21.33 ± 0.58 mm), categorized as sensitive, while high resistance was observed against tylosin (8.33 ± 0.58 mm) and penicillin–streptomycin (9.33 ± 0.58 mm). Staphylococcus aureus isolates showed high sensitivity to enrofloxacin (24.33 ± 0.58 mm), tylosin and gentamicin (22.33 ± 0.58 mm), but resistance to penicillin–streptomycin and ampicillin. These findings indicate variability in antimicrobial susceptibility among goat-associated bacteria and highlight the importance of susceptibility-based antibiotic selection to reduce antimicrobial resistance risk.
creator: Dedi Damhuri
creator: Yatno Yatno
creator: Asri Rizky
creator: Jessica Anggun Safitri
creator: Ahmad Syarifuddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dedi Damhuri, Yatno Yatno, Asri Rizky, Jessica Anggun Safitri, Ahmad Syarifuddin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 25
ending page: 32
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11678

Application of Recombinant DNA Technology (RDT) in Insulin Production as Diabetes Mellitus Therapy: Systematic Literature Review
type: item
description: Diabetes mellitus is known as a chronic metabolic disease characterized by impaired insulin production or function, resulting in prolonged hyperglycemia. The availability of safe, effective, and affordable insulin is crucial in managing this disease. Advances in biotechnology through the application of recombinant DNA technology (RDT) have enabled the mass production of human insulin with high purity. This literature review aims to analyze the application of recombinant DNA technology in insulin production and evaluate its contribution as a diabetes mellitus therapy. The method used was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of various scientific articles and relevant academic sources discussing genetic engineering processes, microorganism expression systems, and the effectiveness of recombinant insulin through the Scopus database. The results of the study indicate that the technique of inserting the human insulin gene into a plasmid vector and expressing it through microorganisms such as Escherichia coli or yeast allows the production of insulin that is structurally identical to natural human insulin. This technology improves therapeutic safety, reduces the risk of immunological reactions compared to animal-based insulin, and supports the availability of industrial-scale production. The application of recombinant DNA technology plays a significant role in the development of more effective, safe, and sustainable diabetes mellitus therapies.
creator: Marwadani Tajusman
creator: Amelia Putri
creator: Yusmina Hala
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Marwadani Tajusman, Amelia Putri, Yusmina Hala http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 33
ending page: 43
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11792

Diversity of Waterbirds in the Mangrove Area of Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh
type: item
description: The diversity of bird species illustrates the range of species present across ecosystems, which is characterized by variations in morphology, behavior, ecological roles, and their adaptability to environmental conditions. In mangrove ecosystems, birds function as important biological components that contribute to maintaining ecological balance and overall system stability. This research was conducted to determine the diversity level and composition of water bird species in the mangrove area of Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh, in order to provide scientific information for conservation planning and sustainable ecosystem management. The study applied an exploratory survey method by carrying out direct observations at selected sampling points based on purposive sampling considerations. Fieldwork was conducted in December 2025 within the mangrove ecosystem of Syiah Kuala District, Banda Aceh. The collected data on water bird diversity were processed and analyzed using the Shannon–Wiener diversity index formula. The observation results recorded a total of 291 individual water birds, consisting of 10 species grouped into 5 families. The calculated diversity index value (H' = 2.010429) indicates a moderate diversity category. These findings demonstrate that the mangrove ecosystem in Syiah Kuala District still has the capacity to support biodiversity. Therefore, proper management and continuous conservation efforts are necessary to ensure the sustainability of this ecosystem.
creator: Ahmad Zidan Al Ghifari
creator: Rizky Ahadi
creator: Samsul Kamal
creator: Elita Agustina
creator: Riri Rahmadani Putri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Zidan Al Ghifari, Rizky Ahadi, Samsul Kamal, Elita Agustina, Riri Rahmadani Putri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 44
ending page: 50
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11796

Evaluation of Antidiabetic Drug use Profile in Outpatients at A Private Hospital in Bandar Lampung City
type: item
description: Diabetes mellitus is a long-lasting metabolic condition marked by high blood sugar levels resulting from insufficient insulin production. This study aims to evaluate the profile of antidiabetic drug use in outpatients with diabetes mellitus at a private hospital in Bandar Lampung and assess its compliance with current treatment guidelines. This study employed a non-experimental method with a retrospective descriptive design based on medical records and outpatient prescriptions from January to July 2025. The data analyzed included gender, age, comorbidities, and the types of antidiabetic drugs used. The results showed that type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were more prevalent in women (60.78%) than in men (39.22%), with the largest group of diabetes mellitus patients falling within the 45–60 age group. Most patients also had comorbidities, with hypertension being the most common. The pattern of medication use showed that biguanides, particularly metformin, were the most commonly prescribed drugs as first-line therapy. In general, the use of antidiabetic drugs in outpatients at the hospital was in accordance with the PERKENI treatment guidelines.
creator: Frenca Elsa Sitanala
creator: Louis Madalena
creator: Marvel Reuben Suwitono
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Frenca Elsa Sitanala, Louis Madalena, Marvel Reuben Suwitono http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 51
ending page: 58
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11846

Optimization of Hatching Rate in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Through Aquatic Plant Substrate Combinations
type: item
description: Fisheries are an important sector in providing animal protein sources and supporting national food security. The success of fish reproduction is a crucial factor that determines the continuity of production and the sustainability of cultivation businesses. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a freshwater fish that is often used in biomedical research and reproductive biology due to its fast reproductive cycle, embryo transparency, and ease of maintenance process. The study was conducted for 45 days at Andar Farm Lingsar. The method used was an experimental Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments and 3 replications, resulting in 18 experimental units. The treatments tested were a combination of various types of aquatic plants. The parameters measured included fecundity growth, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and gonadosomatic index. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA. If there were significant differences, Duncan's further test was used to identify significantly different treatments. The results showed that in the fecundity parameter, the Water hyacinth + cabomba substrate type produced the highest fecundity (117.6 ± 13.0 grains). In terms of Fertilization Rate (FR) and Hatching Rate (HR), the water hyacinth substrate produced the highest FR (79.96%), and HR (62.47%). Meanwhile, the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) parameter also produced the highest results in the combination of water hyacinth + cabomba (20.4%). Water quality obtained during the study was within the optimal range with a temperature of 25-26 oC, Ph 7, and 6 mg/L.
creator: Galih Faadihillah
creator: Rangga Idris Affandi
creator: Muhammad Junaidi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Galih Faadihillah, Rangga Idris Affandi, Muhammad Junaidi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 59
ending page: 69
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11881

Carbon Stock Estimation in Tanjung Plants (Mimusops elengi L.) in the Campus Forest of Surabaya State University
type: item
description: Forests have a role in the global carbon cycle by absorbing and storing carbon in the environment. One of the plants in the campus forest of Surabaya State University that can absorb carbon and store it in the form of biomass is the tanjung plant (Mimusops elengi L.). This study aims to estimate the carbon stock stored in tanjung plants (Mimusops elengi L.) in the campus forest of Surabaya State University which was carried out from September to December 2024. The research method uses a non-destructive method. The parameters measured in this study include stem diameter, circumference, height, chlorophyll content, leaf surface area and environmental parameters that support the growth of Mimusops elengi. The data collection technique was carried out by purposive sampling, at three stations with a total of 50 individuals. Statistical analysis of the data used the Pearson correlation test. Mimusops elengi was able to absorb carbon respectively by 106.03 kg; 43.96 kg and 31.89 kg. Having a biomass respectively, namely 225.08 kg/tree; 91.01 kg/tree and 67.87 kg/tree. The absorption values were 389.14 tons C/ha; 161.34 tons C/ha and 117.0 tons C/ha, respectively. The results of statistical tests on height, circumference and diameter had a positive correlation with carbon stock. Meanwhile, chlorophyll content and leaf surface area were negatively correlated with carbon stock. These results indicate that tanjung plants have significant potential in absorbing carbon in the campus forest of Surabaya State University, thus playing a role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere.
creator: Daniyah Fathinur Rohmah
creator: Fida Rachmadiarti
creator: Herlina Fitrihidajati
creator: Betty Andriani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Daniyah Fathinur Rohmah, Fida Rachmadiarti, Herlina Fitrihidajati, Betty Andriani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 70
ending page: 83
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11647

Length-Weight Relationship of Bullet Tuna (Auxis rochei) Landed at Kendari Ocean Fishing Port
type: item
description: Bullet tuna (A. rochei) is a species of pelagic fish that holds significant economic importance and serves as a source of livelihood for fisherman. The purpose of this study was to determine length-weight relationship of bullet tuna (A. rochei) landed at Kendari Ocean Fishing Port. Sampling of bullet tuna (A. rochei) using random sampling method. The analysis used in this study is linear regression analysis. The results of the study indicate that 600 rochei tuna (A. rochei) caught ranged in length from 152 to 265 mm and weighed between 70 and 285 grams. The length and weight of bluefin tuna (A. rochei) were strongly correlated (r = 0.68) with a negative allometric growth pattern (b = 2.0175). These results suggest that the rate of length growth is more dominant than the rate of weight gain in fish. The growth patterns obtained from the results of the length-weight relationship research are crucial for sustainable fisheries management, such as regulating the selectivity of fishing gear.
creator: Muh. Aksa Azis
creator: Raut Wahyuning Paluphi
creator: Raut Nugrahening Widhi
creator: Disnawati Disnawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Raut Wahyuning Paluphi, Raut Nugrahening Widhi, Muh. Aksa Azis, Disnawati http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 84
ending page: 91
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11607

Effect of Fermentation of Palm Kernel Meal by a Bacterial and Yeast Consortium on Nutritional Quality
type: item
description: Palm kernel meal is a potential alternative feed ingredient due to its abundant availability; however, its utilization in poultry diets is limited by suboptimal nutritional quality. One strategy to improve its nutritional value is fermentation using microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of palm kernel meal fermentation by a bacterial and yeast consortium on its nutritional quality. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replication: a (unfermented palm kernel meal), B (fermentation with Bacillus subtilis), C (fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and D (combined fermentation with Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The observed parameters included moisture content, metabolizable energy, organic matter, and inorganic matter. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that fermentation using the bacterial and yeast consortium significantly affected (P<0.05) moisture content and metabolizable energy, but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on organic and inorganic matter. The combined treatment produced the best values, with a moisture content of 12.25%, a metabolizable energy of 3139.52 kcal/kg, an organic matter of 95.57%, and an inorganic matter of 4.43%. This study concludes that the fermentation of palm kernel meal using a consortium of Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisia is the most effective treatment for improving nutritional quality, particularly by increasing metabolic energy without reducing the content of organic and inorganic compounds.
creator: Fajri Maulana
creator: Satri Yusasra Agasi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fajri Maulana, Satri Yusasra Agasi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 92
ending page: 100
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11680

Detection and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella spp. in Peranakan Etawa Goats
type: item
description: Diseases in goats reduce productivity and may cause reproductive disorders and zoonotic risks. Salmonellosis, caused by Salmonella spp., is an important livestock disease that can infect ruminants and poultry and contaminate animal products, affecting animal and human health. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence and the prevalence of Salmonella in Peranakan Etawa (PE) goats and to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profile of the isolates. Fecal samples were collected from 20 Peranakan Etawa goats and examined for the presence of Salmonella. Data on Salmonella cases and inhibition zone diameters (mm) obtained from antibiotic susceptibility testing were analyzed descriptively. The goats were managed under a semi-intensive system. They were fed odot grass supplemented with concentrate and silage additives, provided with well water as a drinking source, with feed troughs cleaned once daily and manure removed weekly. No anthelmintic treatment had been administered during the previous eight months. The results indicated that Salmonella infection was detected in 5% of the PE goats. The isolates showed the highest sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (25 mm inhibition zone), followed by chloramphenicol (8 mm) and tetracycline (7.33 mm), while resistance was observed against ampicillin.
creator: Anwar Rosyidi
creator: Muhammad Ali
creator: Made Sriasih
creator: Sulaiman N. Depamede
creator: Wayan Wariata
creator: Muhammad Deni Yusuf
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Anwar Rosyidi, Muhammad Ali, Made Sriasih, Sulaiman N. Depamede, Wayan Wariata, Muhammad Deni Yusuf http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 101
ending page: 107
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11787

Genetic Research Trends in Caffeine Biosynthesis of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora)
type: item
description: Research on caffeine biosynthesis in Coffea canephora has expanded across multiple disciplines, yet its global genetic research trends remain insufficiently mapped. This study aimed to analyze the development and thematic structure of genetic research on caffeine biosynthesis in C. canephora using a bibliometric approach. Data were retrieved from the Scopus database through keyword-based sampling and filtered based on relevance to genetic and biosynthetic aspects. Bibliometric analyses were conducted to examine publication trends, authorship patterns, country contributions, and keyword co-occurrence networks. The results show a significant increase in publications since the early 2000s, with dominant contributions from the United States, Brazil, and China. Keyword mapping reveals four major research clusters, including plant metabolism, clinical and nutritional studies, experimental models, and genetic variability. However, studies explicitly focusing on the genetic regulation of caffeine biosynthesis, particularly involving N-methyltransferase genes, remain relatively limited compared to broader multidisciplinary themes. These findings indicate that caffeine research in C. canephora is highly interdisciplinary but still lacks a strong emphasis on genetic mechanisms, highlighting the need for more targeted molecular and genomic studies to support coffee improvement and functional trait development.
creator: Nindy Permatasari
creator: Sismita Sari
creator: Sri Nurmayanti
creator: Lu'lu' Kholidah Fauziah
creator: Resti Puspa Kartika Sari
creator: Maisuri Hardani
creator: Siti Hamidatul Aliyah
creator: Priyambodo Priyambodo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nindy Permatasari, Sismita Sari, Sri Nurmayanti, Lu'lu' Kholidah Fauziah, Resti Puspa Kartika Sari, Maisuri Hardani, Siti Hamidatul Aliyah, Priyambodo Priyambodo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 108
ending page: 122
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11738

Influence of Light Wavelength on the Growth Performance and Protein Content of Arthrospira platensis
type: item
description: Microalgae play an important role in aquatic ecosystems as primary producers and have significant potential as a sustainable source of protein. One of the microalgae with high economic value is Arthrospira platensis, which is rich in bioactive compounds and protein content. Light is a key factor influencing microalgae growth, particularly its wavelength and spectrum, which can affect biomass production and biochemical composition. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different LED light wavelengths (red, blue, and a combination of red–blue) on the growth performance and protein content of Arthrospira platensis. The experiment was conducted in January 2026 using a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replications. The microalgae were cultivated in Walne medium under controlled conditions with continuous aeration for 14 days. Growth was monitored daily, and protein content was analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at wavelengths of 280 nm and 260 nm. The results indicated that different light wavelengths significantly influenced the growth and protein content of Arthrospira platensis. The combination of red–blue light showed better performance compared to single wavelengths in enhancing biomass production and protein content. In conclusion, the use of combined LED light spectra can optimize the cultivation of Arthrospira platensis and improve its potential as an alternative protein source
creator: Gabriela Sabatin Siama
creator: Marvel Reuben Suwitono
creator: Doli Situmeang
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gabriela Sabatin Siama, Marvel Reuben Suwitono, Doli Situmeang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 123
ending page: 129
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11925

Carbon Footprint Optimization in The Palm Oil Industry
type: item
description: This optimization can be done through the application of carbon accounting methods, the use of renewable energy, efficient waste management, and low-emission technology innovation. This study aims to analyze the main sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and formulate a carbon footprint optimization model in the palm oil industry at PT X. The method used is a descriptive quantitative approach with optimization simulation based on methane capture on liquid waste (POME). The results show that POME is the largest emission contributor (45%), followed by fertilizer (30%), fuel (20%), and electricity (5%). The application of methane capture technology can reduce emissions from 16,400 tons of CO₂e/year to 3,280 tons of CO₂e/year or by 80%. Cost analysis shows a carbon cost of IDR 305,000 per ton of CO₂e and can be reduced to IDR 155,000 per ton of CO₂e with the presence of carbon credits. These results indicate that methane capture is an effective and efficient optimization strategy in reducing carbon emissions in the palm oil industry. In conclusion, the largest source of carbon emissions at PT X comes from POME liquid waste, making it a top priority in the mitigation strategy. The implementation of methane capture has proven effective in reducing emissions by 80%, or 13,120 tons of CO₂e per year.
creator: Wike Pratiwi
creator: Zulhalifah Zulhalifah
creator: Norma Juniati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Wike Pratiwi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 130
ending page: 136
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11968

Description of Aedes sp Mosquito Population Density Based on Ovitrap Index in Babadan Hamlet Sukoharjo
type: item
description: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a public health concern in endemic areas, where vector density determines transmission risk. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to determine the population density of Aedes sp.. mosquitoes based on the Ovitrap Index (OI) in Babadan Hamlet, Sukoharjo Regency. A total of 40 ovitraps were installed indoors for seven days and examined microscopically for egg detection. Larvae were morphologically identified, and adult mosquitoes were collected using the sweeping method for genus identification. The results showed that 2 ovitraps were positive for Aedes eggs, resulting in an OI of 5% (low density category). Larvae were detected in 25% of ovitraps. Adult mosquito identification revealed Aedes aegypti (100%) as the only species found, while Aedes albopictus was not detected. In conclusion, although the OI indicates low vector density, the presence of larvae and adult Aedes aegypti suggests a continued risk of DHF transmission. These findings emphasize the need for sustained vector surveillance and community-based control strategies to prevent dengue outbreaks.
creator: Kristina Army
creator: Fina Laila Rahma
creator: Revana Putri Santoso
creator: Dwi Haryatmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kristina Army, Fina Laila Rahma, Revana Putri Santoso, Dwi Haryatmi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 137
ending page: 145
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11660

Biocontrol of Beauveria bassiana Against Leptocorisa acuta in Rice (Oryza sativa)
type: item
description: The rice bug (Leptocorisa acuta) is a major pest during the grain filling stage of rice (Oryza sativa L.), causing significant yield losses. The use of entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana offers an environmentally friendly alternative for pest control. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of B. bassiana against rice bug under screen house conditions. The experiment was conducted by applying a suspension of B. bassiana (100 g formulation per liter of water) through direct spraying on rice plants infested with 11 adult rice bugs. Observations were conducted for seven days after application. Results showed that mortality began on the third day after treatment and reached 45.45% by the sixth day. Infected insects exhibited reduced movement, decreased feeding activity, body discoloration, and external white mycelial growth. Laboratory confirmation showed typical morphological characteristics of B. bassiana. These results indicate that B. bassiana has potential as a biological control agent against rice bug, although further studies with larger sample sizes and statistical analysis are required to optimize its field application.
creator: Gen Adi Wisanggeni
creator: Febry Nurhidayati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gen Adi Wisanggeni, Febry Nurhidayati http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 146
ending page: 153
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11658

The Expansion of Palm Oil Plantation and the Crisis of Orangutan Habitat in Indonesia: A Literature Review
type: item
description: Indonesia is the country with the best biodiversity in the world, as measured by its terrestrial and marine biodiversity. However, at the same time, there is additionally a significant decline in biodiversity. One species experiencing population decline is the orangutan, because of the growth of oil palm plantations that convert natural forests, resulting in the loss and fragmentation of orangutan habitats. This paper aims to analyze the effect of oil palm plantation expansion at the orangutan habitat crisis in Indonesia. This paper uses a literature review method with a descriptive-qualitative approach, drawing on scientific journals, conservation organization reports, and official government documents. Data are analyzed descriptively and analytically to study the relationship between oil palm plantation growth and orangutan habitat. The outcomes of the study indicate that orangutans are noticeably depending on the complexity of natural forests for nesting and foraging. Forest conversion to homogeneous monoculture oil palm plantations reduces habitat and food sources and increases conflict between humans and orangutans. This has caused a decline within the orangutan population, resulting in its categorization as a critically endangered species. The weak implementation of oil palm plantation management and orangutan conservation policies further exacerbates the crisis of the orangutan habitat. Therefore, efforts to strengthen integrated palm oil plantation governance and orangutan conservation based on ecosystem restoration are crucial.
creator: Carissa Altaf
creator: Suranto Suranto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Carissa Altaf, Suranto Suranto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 154
ending page: 162
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11690

Characterization of Fern Spores in the Treehouse Ecotourism Area of Waai Village, Central Maluku
type: item
description: Ferns (Pteridophyta) are vascular plants possessing true roots, stems, and leaves, and they reproduce by spores, whose morphological characteristics constitute critical diagnostic features for taxonomic identification. The Treehouse Ecotourism Area of Waai Village harbors significant fern diversity that is increasingly threatened, rendering spore characterization an essential approach for conservation, species identification, and the advancement of scientific research as well as ecotourism development. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of fern spores found in the Tree houses ecotourism area, Waai Village, Central Maluku, as a contribution to conservation efforts, ecotourism education, and the enrichment of fern micromorphological references in Maluku. The research was conducted using an exploratory survey method along an approximately 20-km trail from the entrance gate to the tourism site. Fern leaf samples were collected to observe soral and spore structures using whole-mount preparations, followed by acetolysis, washing, staining, and mounting procedures. Characterization was carried out microscopically, focusing on sorus form, position, and color, as well as spore morphology, including grain shape and aperture type. The results revealed nine spore-bearing fern species: Pteris vittata, Cyclosorus interruptus, Pteridium aquilinum, Blechnopsis orientalis, Sticherus underwoodianus, Nephrolepis exaltata, Lygodium microphyllum, Lygodium flexuosum, and Pityrogramma calomelanos. The observed soral characters varied from linear, laminar, and granular to powdery forms, and were located either abaxially or adaxially. Spore shapes included oval, round, and triangular forms, with both monolete and trilete laesura types. This variation in soral and spore characteristics provides a basis for the taxonomic identification of ferns and supports further studies in biogeography and phylogenetics.
creator: Adriana Hakapaa
creator: Thalia Sahureka
creator: Philia C. Latue
creator: Hermalina Sinay
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Adriana Hakapaa, Thalia Sahureka, Philia C. Latue, Hermalina Sinay http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 163
ending page: 171
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11624

Qualitative Analysis of Borax (Sodium Tetraborate) Content in Meatballs in Pidie Regency
type: item
description: Food safety in street foods remains a serious challenge in Indonesia due to the widespread misuse of hazardous chemicals. This study aims to identify the presence of borax in food samples circulating in the community. A descriptive qualitative method was applied to 48 samples collected through purposive sampling across 12 sub-districts, with analysis conducted via the rosocyanine complex formation test. The results showed that 22 samples (45.8%) tested positive for borax, characterized by a color change to reddish-brown. These findings indicate that nearly half of the samples do not comply with the food safety standards set by BPOM Regulation No. 22 of 2023. Consequently, urgent intervention by relevant authorities is required to enhance consumer protection and ensure the distribution of safe food products within the region.
creator: Aliya Najiba
creator: Arif Sardi
creator: Diannita Harahap
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Aliya Najiba, Arif Sardi , Diannita Harahap http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 172
ending page: 178
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11677

An Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Gout by the Community of Bandung City
type: item
description: Gout is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated uric acid levels that can cause inflammation and joint pain. In recent years, the incidence of gout has increased, including among younger populations, highlighting the need for alternative and complementary treatments. This study aimed to explore the ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants used by the community of Ujungberung District, Bandung City, in the management of gout. This research employed a qualitative ethnobotanical approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and literature review involving 20 selected informants using purposive sampling. The study was conducted from December 2025 to January 2026. The results identified nine medicinal plant species commonly used to treat gout, with ginger, turmeric, and bay leaf being the most frequently utilized. The plants were mainly processed by boiling, and their use was based on traditional knowledge passed down through generations. These plants contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, curcuminoids, and essential oils, which are known to have anti-inflammatory and uric acid–lowering properties. In conclusion, the community in Ujungberung District continues to rely on medicinal plants as a complementary therapy for gout management. This study emphasizes the importance of documenting ethnobotanical knowledge and highlights the potential of local medicinal plants as accessible and affordable alternatives for gout treatment.
creator: Hasna Nabila
creator: Arie Aryanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hasna Nabila, Arie Aryanto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 179
ending page: 186
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11598

Pathogenic Bacterial Genes Resistant to Antibiotics in Chickens: Systematic Literature Review
type: item
description: Chicken meat and eggs are widely consumed sources of protein, increasing consumer demand and leading to the use of antibiotics as prophylaxis and therapeutics. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe the colonization of chicken parts and organs and summarize the resistance genes in chickens reported from 2015 to 2026. The method used a systematic literature review with a narrative review. This review focuses on four main bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Enterococcus spp. The results showed that almost all chicken organs were colonized by bacteria carrying various antibiotic resistance genes. These resistance genes included fluoroquinolones (gyrA, gyrB), tetracyclines (tetA, tetB, tetO, tetM, tetL), β-lactams (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaCMY, blaOXA-61), aminoglycosides (aac, aad, aph, strA/B), and sulfonamides (sul1, sul2, sul3). The presence of multidrug efflux pump genes (cmeB, cmeG) in Campylobacter spp. further highlights the increasing prevalence of multidrug resistance. Colonization of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria with resistance genes has been found in vital organs of chickens. These findings highlight the importance of molecular surveillance and integrated One Health strategies to reduce the spread of AMR.
creator: Rosyunita Rosyunita
creator: Eustachius Hagni Wardoyo
creator: Nurmi Hasbi
creator: Adelia Riezka Rahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rosyunita Rosyunita, Eustachius Hagni Wardoyo, Nurmi Hasbi, Adelia Riezka Rahim http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 187
ending page: 203
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11732

Density and Community Structure of Terrestrial Insects in an Integrated Agricultural Laboratory in Jagan, Sukoharjo, Indonesia
type: item
description: Terrestrial insects play an important role in maintaining the balance of agricultural ecosystems, studies specifically examining their community structure in educational agroecosystems, such as integrated agricultural laboratories, remain limited, thereby highlighting the need to assess their density and ecological indices as indicators of environmental conditions. The study aimed to measure the density, diversity index, richness index, evenness index, and dominance index of terrestrial insects using twelve pitfall traps at the Jagan Sukoharjo Integrated Agricultural Laboratory. The study used the pitfall trap method with twelve traps placed randomly in the study area. Observations were made for 3 consecutive days. The data collected consisted of the number of individuals of each type of terrestrial insect, which were then analyzed using density, diversity, richness, evenness, and dominance indices. The results indicate that the Integrated Agricultural Laboratory of Jagan supports a relatively high richness of terrestrial insect species; however, the community structure is still dominated by a few opportunistic species, reflecting the characteristics of an educational agroecosystem with a moderate level of ecological stability. These findings indicate that the terrestrial insect community at the Jagan Integrated Agricultural Laboratory is diverse and has the potential to reflect the ecological conditions of the local agricultural environment. Furthermore, this study provides empirical evidence that strengthens the use of terrestrial insects as bioindicators in educational agroecosystems and contributes to the development of sustainable agroecosystem management strategies through biodiversity-based monitoring.
creator: Vallery Armania
creator: Anwari Adi Nugroho
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Vallery Armania, Anwari Adi Nugroho http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 204
ending page: 216
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11582

Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) Residues in Cattle Liver: A Comparative Study in Mining and Non-Mining Zones
type: item
description: Laterite nickel mining activities in Southeast Sulawesi significantly contribute to environmental contamination, potentially leading to the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in free-grazing livestock. The liver, functioning as a primary metabolic organ, serves as a sensitive bioindicator for heavy metal exposure. This study aimed to analyze and compare the concentrations of essential heavy metals, Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe), in the liver of cattle reared in mining circum-areas (Sopura and Oko-oko) versus non-mining control areas (Toari and Watubangga). Liver samples were collected from 12 cattle (n = 3 per location). The samples were prepared using wet digestion and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Data were analyzed using Independent Sample T-test and One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post-hoc test. The results showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in metal concentrations between mining and non-mining areas. The mining area of Oko-oko exhibited an extreme accumulation of Iron (Fe), reaching 1,803.40 ± 48.64 mg/kg, which is significantly higher than the control area of Watubangga (47.69 ± 1.94 mg/kg). Zinc (Zn) levels were also significantly higher in mining areas (21.88–24.22 mg/kg) compared to non-mining areas (2.97–8.30 mg/kg). There is a strong correlation between mining activities and the bioaccumulation of Zn and Fe in bovine liver. The extreme iron levels detected in the mining zone suggest a potential health risk for consumption, necessitating the implementation of depuration strategies and stricter food safety monitoring in the affected regions.
creator: Sitti Aisyah May Wulandari
creator: Raodatul Jannah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sitti Aisyah May Wulandari, Raodatul Jannah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 217
ending page: 227
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11728

Literature Review: Variant of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil) in West Kalimantan
type: item
description: Kratom is a plant with potential biological diversity. This plant can grow in tropical areas with humid conditions, which is why it can be found in West Kalimantan and is known by the local people as purik leave. The purpose of this research is to summarize information related to kratom variant and provide a comprehensive overview of the presence of kratom plant in West Kalimantan. This research used a literature review method, focusing on national and international journals from the last 10 years accessed with Google Scholar with the help of the Publish or Perish search application. The search results show that there are three kratom variant in West Kalimantan namely red vein, white vein, and green vein, variant which can be distinguished by specific difference in color and leaf vein characteristics. Variant of kratom show their own distinctive characteristics even though these three variant are still within the same kratom species the scientific name Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil. This research is expected to serve as a source of the information and reference that can research related to kratom plant.
creator: Rahmad Rahmad
creator: Bagus Pratomo Nusantoro
creator: Reza Reza
creator: Zidan Hafidz Al Awwali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmad Rahmad, Bagus Pratomo Nusantoro, Reza Reza, Zidan Hafidz Al Awwali http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 228
ending page: 234
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11581

Profile of MYH9 SNP RS3752462 Gene Polymorphism in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients with Hypertension
type: item
description: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension are closely related conditions and can be influenced by genetic factors, including polymorphisms in the Myosin Heavy Chain 9 (MYH9) gene. The SNP rs3752462 in the MYH9 gene is known to be associated with impaired kidney function. This study aims to describe the genotype pattern of the MYH9 rs3752462 SNP polymorphism in patients with chronic kidney disease and hypertension at UNS Hospital. This is a descriptive study with a molecular analysis approach. A total of 10 blood samples were collected. Polymorphism detection was performed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method with the RsaI restriction enzyme. The results showed that all samples were successfully amplified, producing a PCR product of approximately 421 bp. The DNA bands observed in all samples did not form a consistent combination and did not match the expected genotype reference standard. In addition, the appearance of additional bands outside the target fragment size, therefore the results of this study do not adequately represent the MYH9 SNP rs3752462 gene polymorphism in the studied samples. Conclusion: Further examination is needed using other modern methods such as DNA sequencing and larger sample sizes to obtain appropriate results.
creator: Nabiilah Nuur Ainii Heryanti
creator: Muhammad Taufiq Qurrohman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nabiilah Nuur Ainii Heryanti, Muhammad Taufiq Qurrohman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 235
ending page: 241
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11711

Overview of MYH9 Gene Polymorphism SNP RS3752462 in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy
type: item
description: Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of chronic kidney disease and is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. One of the genes implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is MYH9, particularly the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) rs3752462. This study aimed to describe the polymorphism of the MYH9 gene SNP rs3752462 in patients with chronic kidney disease associated with diabetic nephropathy. A descriptive study design was applied, involving five patients who met the inclusion criteria. Blood samples were analyzed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method with the RsaI restriction enzyme. The Results showed that the DNA band patterns observed in all samples did not form consistent combinations and did not correspond to the expected genotype classification standards. In addition, extra bands outside the target fragment sizes and variations in band intensity among samples were observed. Based on these findings, the resulting band patterns could not be reliably used to accurately determine genotypes, and therefore did not adequately represent the polymorphism of the MYH9 gene SNP rs3752462 in the studied samples. Accordingly, further optimization of the PCR-RFLP method is required, along with validation using more accurate approaches, such as DNA sequencing, and a larger sample size to obtain more reliable results.
creator: Ahmad Akmal Maulana
creator: Muhammad Taufiq Qurrohman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Akmal Maulana, Muhammad Taufiq Qurrohman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-02
publication date: 2026-05-02
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 242
ending page: 250
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11712

Evaluating Changes in the Sensory Profiles of Smoked Fish Across Different Processors During Storage
type: item
description: Smoked fish remains a widely consumed product due to the characteristic taste and aroma acquired during the smoking process. Smoked fish is still produced traditionally using coconut shells and mangrove wood. The use of shells and mangrove wood is done because both are classified as hardwood, so they can affect the organoleptic qualities of smoked fish. This study sought to evaluate the organoleptic profiles of smoked fish sourced from different producers, specifically comparing the effects of coconut shell and mangrove wood combustion. This method is divided into 2 stages: the raw material preparation stage and the fish smoking stage. The fish sample used was fresh tuna smoked using coconut shell and mangrove wood fuel. Organoleptic testing carried out included appearance, odor, and texture using a scoresheet. The results showed that for all smoked fish samples using coconut shells and mangrove wood against the storage period, the quality value for day 0 was 9 (Very Liked), then the value decreased on the 2nd day of storage, with a quality of Very Dislike to Dislike. In conclusion, the organoleptic specification value decreased during storage, depending on the type of fuel. The use of fuel did not affect storage time, as a decrease in quality was observed on the second day, indicated by the appearance of mold on the samples. It is recommended that microbiological testing of the smoked fish be conducted.
creator: Kristina Haryati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kristina Haryati http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-02
publication date: 2026-05-02
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 251
ending page: 258
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11818

Bivalve Biodiversity in Ekas Waters as an Indicator of Aquatic Environmental Quality
type: item
description: Bivalves are one of the aquatic organism groups that play an important role in maintaining the balance of aquatic ecosystems. This role makes bivalves essential not only in food webs but also in sustaining overall water quality. This study employed a quantitative descriptive approach using a purposive sampling method. Sampling was conducted using hand nets, forceps, 1 × 1 m quadrat frames, buckets, plastic containers, gastropod identification guides, a GPS device, a pH meter, millimeter block paper, and a camera. The collected data were analyzed using community structure indices, including the Shannon–Wiener diversity index, evenness index, species richness index, Simpson dominance index, and importance value index. These indices were then interpreted to describe the condition of the aquatic environment. The results of the bivalve community structure analysis showed that the Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H′ = 1.840) indicated a moderate level of diversity, accompanied by a high evenness index (E = 0.885) and a low Simpson dominance index (D = 0.174). This combination of values suggests a relatively even distribution of individuals among species, with no single species strongly dominating the community. Overall, these conditions indicate that the water quality at the study site can be classified as moderate to good, or lightly polluted, and remains capable of supporting the sustainability of various benthic species.
creator: Lalu Kinayung Purbajati
creator: Ali Haris
creator: Mukminah Mukminah
creator: M. Harja Effendi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lalu Kinayung Purbajati, Ali Haris, Mukminah Mukminah, M. Harja Effendi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-02
publication date: 2026-05-02
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 259
ending page: 268
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11700

Photoperiod Extension Enhances Lettuce Performance Across LED Spectra in an Indoor Vertical Farming Setup
type: item
description: Artificial lighting is a key factor in indoor vertical farming because light spectrum and photoperiod strongly regulate plant growth, biomass accumulation, and pigment formation. Lettuce is highly responsive to light manipulation, making it an important model crop for evaluating lighting strategies that can improve productivity and quality under controlled environments. This study evaluated the effects of LED light color and photoperiod on the growth, yield, and pigment content of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivated in an indoor vertical farming system in Yogyakarta, Indonesia (November 2025 – January 2026). A 3 × 3 factorial experiment arranged in a nested design was conducted with three light colors (white, blue, and green) and three photoperiods (8, 12, and 16 h). Data were analyzed using ANOVA (α = 0.05), followed by Tukey's HSD when significant differences were detected. Growth and yield were assessed using stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight, while physiological responses were evaluated using chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll. Significant light color × photoperiod interactions were observed for stem diameter, root length, fresh and dry weight, and chlorophyll contents. Overall, white light produced superior lettuce performance compared with blue and green light, particularly under a 16-h photoperiod. The combination of white light and a 16-h photoperiod resulted in the highest biomass accumulation and pigment content, indicating that optimizing both light spectrum and photoperiod is critical to improve lettuce productivity and quality in indoor vertical farming.
creator: Fajar Riyadi
creator: Parwati Wiwin Dyah Ully
creator: Yovi Avianto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Riyadi Fajar, Parwati Wiwin Dyah Ully, Yovi Avianto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-02
publication date: 2026-05-02
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 269
ending page: 280
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11752

Multilocus Analysis of DNA Barcodes of matK, rbcL, and ITS in the Asteraceae Family
type: item
description: Asteraceae is known as compositae which is a cosmopolitan plant group consisting of approximately 1,250 genera and 25,000 species distributed in various regions. Similar morphological characters among species pose challenges in taxonomy and phylogenetics, making the identification process difficult. These limitations of morphological identification can be overcome through a molecular approach using DNA barcoding to reduce errors in species grouping and in determining phylogenetic relationships among plant species in the Asteraceae family through multilocus DNA barcode analysis of matK, rbcL and ITS. This study aims to analyze DNA barcodes matK, rbcL and ITS in the Asteraceae family. DNA sequence exploration were obtained from GenBank through the NCBI website. Analysis of DNA sequence was performed using MEGA11, and phylogenetic tree reconstruction was carried out using the Neighbor Joining (NJ) method in MEGA11 with the p-distance evolutionary model and rapid bootstrap analysis conducted with 1000 replicates. The rbcL sequence had the lowest number of variable sites (13.6%) compared to single sequences and other combinations, while ITS showed the highest number of variable sites (59.3%), and the matK+rbcL+ITS combination produced the most informative phylogenetic grouping because it provided more consistent bootstrap support at the main branches. The multilocus approach increases the resolution in describing phylogenetic relationships among genera within the family Asteraceae.
creator: Vita Rosa
creator: Dewi Indriyani Roslim
creator: Herman Herman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Vita Rosa, Dewi Indriyani Roslim, Herman Herman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-02
publication date: 2026-05-02
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 281
ending page: 292
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11745

Analysis of Three DNA Barcoding (matK, rbcL, ITS) in the Anacardiaceae Family
type: item
description: The Anacardiaceae family is a group of tropical plants that have important economic value, but the identification of its species is often hampered by morphological similarities. Molecular approaches through DNA barcoding are an alternative to improve the accuracy of identification and kinship analysis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the combination of three DNA barcodes, namely (matK, rbcL and ITS) in the Anacardiaceae family. The materials used in this study were DNA sequence databases (rbcL, matK, ITS) from the Anacardiaceae family consisting of eight genera and one outgroup used, namely Pometia pinnata, downloaded from GenBank through the NCBI website. Sequences were aligned using MAFFT v.7, edited using BioEdit v.7.2, and analyzed using MEGA 11 to calculate nucleotide frequencies, nucleotide base pairs, diversity, and phylogenetic tree reconstruction using the Neighbor-joining method with 1000 bootstrapping times. The results showed that the matK sequence, a combination of matK+rbcL sequences, and a combination of matK+rbcL+ITS sequences were the most optimal barcodes for grouping species of the same genus in the Anacardiaceae family and separating out-group species. The ITS sequence, a combination of matK+ITS sequences, and a combination of rbcL+ITS sequences were able to group species of the same genus well but could not separate out-group species. The rbcL sequence was not optimal for use as a single DNA barcode.
creator: Olivi Aruanda Ningrum
creator: Dewi Indriyani Roslim
creator: Herman Herman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Olivi Aruanda Ningrum, Dewi Indriyani Roslim, Herman Herman http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-02
publication date: 2026-05-02
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 293
ending page: 310
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11746

Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) on Alloxan-Induced Toxicity
type: item
description: Alloxan is a diabetogenic substance that damages pancreatic β-cells through mechanisms involving oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of extracts derived from bitter melon and garlic (Momordica charantia L. and Allium sativum L.) in liver histology of rats given alloxan. An experimental laboratory approach with a post-test control group design was applied. The animals were allocated into seven groups: K- as the negative control, K+ as the positive control, P0 receiving glibenclamide, P1 and P2 treated with garlic extract (100 and 150 mg/kgBW), and P3 and P4 given bitter melon extract at similar dose levels. Following the intervention, liver histopathology was assessed. The findings indicated that alloxan administration led to greater hepatic tissue damage compared to the negative control group. The P3 and P4 groups had the highest histopathology values, which suggested more serious liver damage. These results imply that the given doses of bitter melon and garlic extracts may raise the metabolic burden in hepatic tissue and did not show hepatoprotective benefits in alloxan-induced rats.
creator: Natalia Sasnita
creator: Noer Kumala Indahsari
creator: Lusiani Tjandra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Natalia Sasnita, Noer Kumala Indahsari, Lusiani Tjandra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-02
publication date: 2026-05-02
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 311
ending page: 317
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11772

Impact of NPK Briquette Fertilizer on the Growth and Nitrogen Absorption of Tomato
type: item
description: The use of appropriate fertilizer is the main key to fulfilling the nutritional needs of plants and environmental sustainability. The appropriate fertilizer dosage will increase the amount of nutrients absorbed by plants, especially tomato plants, and can enhance the optimization of growth and yield, as well as reduce soil damage. This study aims to determine the impact of the addition of NPK briquette fertilizer on plant nutrient absorption and tomato plant growth. This research was conducted at the Screen House of the Agricultural Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Tasikmalaya University of Struggle. Nutrient absorption analysis was conducted at the Soil Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Siliwangi University. This research method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments, including 1) Control / without the addition of NPK briquette fertilizer, 2) 4.5 g dose of NPK briquette, 3) 6 g dose of NPK briquette, and 4) 7.5 g dose of NPK briquette. The results showed that the application of NPK briquette fertilizer at doses of 4.5 and 7.5 g affected the fresh weight of the shoots, total plant fresh weight, total nitrogen content, and nitrogen uptake of the plant. Furthermore, the application of NPK briquette fertilizer on plant height, stem diameter, root wet weight, and crown dry weight did not have a significant effect.
creator: Adinda Putri Amanda
creator: R. Arif Malik Ramdahan
creator: Selvy Isnaeni
creator: Rofi Syaepul Alim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Adinda Putri Amanda, R. Arif Malik Ramdahan, Selvy Isnaeni, Rofi Syaepul Alim http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-03
publication date: 2026-05-03
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 318
ending page: 326
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.10999

Effects of Processing on Cadmium Accumulation and Dietary Risk Assessment in Penaeus merguiensis from Sungsang, South Sumatra, Indonesia
type: item
description: Cadmium (Cd) contamination in estuarine fisheries products raises concerns due to its capacity for bioaccumulation and dietary exposure in humans. Metal accumulation in aquatic organisms is influenced by body size and tissue distribution, with higher concentrations often reported in non-muscle parts such as the head and exoskeleton. However, information on Cd distribution and consumption risk in P. merguiensis from Sungsang, South Sumatra, remains limited. This study quantified Cd concentrations in P. merguiensis stratified by size (small and large) and processing condition (peeled and unpeeled), and evaluated potential health risks using Maximum Weekly Intake (MWI) and Maximum Tolerable Intake (MTI) reference thresholds. Cadmium concentrations, determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), ranged from 0,038 ± 0,0002 to 0,231 ± 0,0008 mg/kg. Higher levels were observed in unpeeled samples compared to peeled prawns, and larger individuals exhibited greater metal accumulation. Estimated weekly intake values for adult and child consumption scenarios remained below established tolerable limits, indicating that current exposure levels are unlikely to pose significant non-carcinogenic health risks under typical dietary patterns. Continuous monitoring is nevertheless necessary to support long-term seafood safety management in the region.
creator: Jecika Desmarinda
creator: Gusti Diansyah
creator: Wike Ayu Eka Putri
creator: Rezi Apri
creator: Muhamad Nur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jecika Desmarinda, Gusti Diansyah, Wike Ayu Eka Putri, Rezi Apri, Muhamad Nur http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-03
publication date: 2026-05-03
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 327
ending page: 334
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11821

Growth Response, Flavonoid Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Mustard Microgreen under Reduced Water Availability
type: item
description: Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) has often been cultivated as a microgreen. Investigation into the impact of water stress effects on mustard in the microgreen stage is currently limited. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of reduced water availability on growth performance, flavonoid concentration, and antioxidant potential in mustard microgreens. Samples used to assess plant growth, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity were collected from mustard plants grown in growth media under water availability of 90%, 70%, and 50% of field capacity. All acquired data were further evaluated by applying a one-way ANOVA. Reducing water availability to 50% field capacity did not impact growth, but it did enhance flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity. Peak values occurred at 70% of field capacity, with flavonoid content positively correlated with antioxidant activity. A water availability of 70% field capacity can be recommended as the optimal condition for producing mustard microgreens, as it effectively increases flavonoid content without inhibiting plant growth. This study confirms that growth parameters do not always accurately reflect the functional quality of plants; therefore, the evaluation of horticultural crops needs to include aspects related to secondary metabolites.
creator: An'nisa An'nisa
creator: Wahyu Harso
creator: Oryyani Lambui
creator: Prismawiryanti Prismawiryanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Wahyu Harso, An'nisa An'nisa, Oryyani Lambui, Prismawiryanti Prismawiryanti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-03
publication date: 2026-05-03
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 335
ending page: 343
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11701

Nutritional Quality of a Mixture of Indigofera sp. Leaves and Banana Steams Fermented Using Ma-11 Inoculant at Different Doses
type: item
description: Feed availability is one of the main constraints in livestock production, especially in tropical regions where supply is highly influenced by seasonal changes. Banana stems have potential as livestock feed due to their abundant availability; however, they contain low protein and high crude fiber, which requires processing to improve their nutritional quality. One of the methods that can be applied is fermentation using a bioactivator. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of Microbacter Alfaafa-11 (MA-11) inoculant on the nutritional quality of fermented banana stem and Indigofera sp. leaves. The study utilized a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) featuring three dose levels (0%; 0.05%; and 0.1%) and included four replicates over a period of 12 days of anaerobic fermentation. The measured variables were crude protein, crude fiber, and the weight of dry matter biomass. The data were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at a significance threshold of 5%. The findings indicated that the addition of MA-11 notably raised the crude protein level (P<0.05), with the highest value recorded at the 0.1% dose; however, it did not significantly affect (P>0.05) the crude fiber or the dry matter biomass weight. These findings indicate that MA-11 is more effective in improving protein content than in reducing crude fiber or modifying dry matter biomass weight.
creator: Yunita Purnamasari
creator: Ali Mursyid Wahyu Mulyono
creator: Muhammad Husein
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yunita Purnamasari, Ali Mursyid Wahyu Mulyono, Muhammad Husein http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-04
publication date: 2026-05-04
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 344
ending page: 350
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11727

Fermentation of Banana Stem and Indigofera sp. Leaves Using MA-11 with Different Fermentation Durations on Nutritional Quality
type: item
description: Banana stems are an abundant agricultural by-product; however, their utilization as animal feed remains limited due to their high fiber and low crude protein contents. Improving their nutritional quality can be achieved through fermentation combined with the addition of protein sources and bioactivators. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fermentation duration on the nutritional quality of a mixture of banana stems and Indigofera sp. leaves fermented using Microbacter Alfaafa (MA-11). The experiment was conducted for 12 days using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three fermentation periods: 0 days (P0), 6 days (P1), and 12 days (P2), each with four replications. The observed parameters included crude protein, crude fiber, and dry matter biomass weight. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at a 5% significance level. The results indicated that fermentation duration had a significant effect (P<0.05) on crude protein content, with the 12-day treatment producing the highest value (15.14%). In contrast, fermentation duration had no significant effect (P>0.05) on crude fiber content and dry matter biomass weight. In conclusion, 12 days of fermentation with MA-11 increased crude protein content but was not effective in significantly reducing crude fiber and dry matter biomass weight.
creator: Febriana Puja Herlina
creator: Ali Mursyid Wahyu Mulyono
creator: Muhammad Husein
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Febriana Puja Herlina, Ali Mursyid Wahyu Mulyono, Muhammad Husein http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-04
publication date: 2026-05-04
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 351
ending page: 356
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11726

Evaluation of Land Suitability for Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Banyuroto, Nanggulan Subdistrict, Kulonprogo Regency, Yogyakarta
type: item
description: The government has launched a sugar self-sufficiency program to increase sugarcane production. One of the strategies is land extensification by opening and managing new areas based on land suitability that meets the growth requirements of sugarcane. This research aims to identify the land suitability in Banyuroto Village for sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). The research was conducted from February to May 2024 in Banyuroto Village, Nanggulan Subdistrict, Kulonprogo Regency, Yogyakarta. This study used a descriptive exploratory method with a field survey approach to identify land characteristics and evaluate the level of land suitability. Location points were determined using a purposive method with two Land Map Units (LMU) in Sambiroto and Kesoh hamlets. Soil sampling at each LMU was carried out using simple random sampling. Rainfall and air temperature data were obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) for the period 2019–2023. Observed land characteristics include soil texture, drainage conditions, effective soil depth, soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic C content, total nitrogen (N-total), available phosphorus (P-available), percentage of surface rocks, and slope gradient. Calculation and determination of land suitability class, using the matching method, by comparing observed climate and land characteristics with sugarcane growing requirements based on land suitability evaluation criteria. The results show that Banyuroto Village, Nanggulan District, Kulon Progo, has an actual suitability class of S3oa,na for sugarcane cultivation, which means marginally suitable for sugarcane cultivation, with limiting factors being soil drainage and available nutrients. This is likely the cause of less-than-optimal sugarcane productivity. If improvements have been made, such as through soil cultivation (plowing), the creation of an intensive drainage system, and proper KCl fertilizer management, it has the potential to become a …
creator: Rizky Ahmad Al Farezi
creator: Anna Kusumawati
creator: Adiprasetya Widyatama
creator: Lintang Pambayun
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rizky Ahmad Al Farezi, Anna Kusumawati, Adiprasetya Widyatama, Lintang Pambayun http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-04
publication date: 2026-05-04
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 357
ending page: 365
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11809

Behavior and Predatory Ability of Several Predatory Insects at Different Prey Densities
type: item
description: Understanding predator behavior and predation capacity is essential for determining their potential as biological control agents. This study aimed to evaluate the searching time, handling time, and predation ability of three predators Syrphidae larvae, Coccinella sp. larvae, and Curinus coeruleus adults at different prey densities. Five prey-density treatments (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 individuals) were tested using3 Heteropsylla cubana as prey for C. coeruleus and Rhopalosiphum maidis for Syrphidae and Coccinella sp. The results showed that increasing prey density significantly shortened the searching time of all predators. C. coeruleus demonstrated the fastest searching ability, followed by Syrphidae and Coccinella sp. Handling time also varied among predators, with C. coeruleus requiring the shortest time due to its chewing-type mouthparts, compared with the piercing–sucking mouthparts of Syrphidae and Coccinella sp. Predation capacity differed across predators; only C. coeruleus successfully consumed all prey at every density within 6 hours, while the other predators reached satiation at higher densities. Overall, C. coeruleus exhibited the highest efficiency across all parameters, indicating its strong potential as an effective biological control agent. Increasing prey density consistently enhanced predation activity, highlighting the importance of prey availability in predator effectiveness.
creator: Junianto S. Batubara
creator: Riska Romaito Nasution
creator: Yosua Pangihutan Pardamean Alextio Sianturi
creator: Mario Pani
creator: Muhammad Sayuthi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Junianto S. Batubara, Riska Romaito Nasution, Yosua Pangihutan Pardamean Alextio Sianturi, Mario Pani, Muhammad Sayuthi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-04
publication date: 2026-05-04
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 366
ending page: 374
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.10757

Growth Response of Golden Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Allisha F1 Variety to Different Planting Media Combinations
type: item
description: Golden melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a horticultural commodity with considerable economic potential, yet its production has not reached optimal levels. Improving the composition of the growing medium represents one practical approach to enhance cultivation performance. This study examined the growth response of the Allisha F1 golden melon variety under different growing medium combinations. The experiment took place from January to May 2025 using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with one factor and five replications. Two media formulations were evaluated: medium A (soil, trichocompost, husk charcoal, and goat manure) and medium B (soil, cow manure, dolomite, and NPK fertilizer). Measured parameters included plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, leaf area, flowering time, and flower count. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a 5% Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The findings showed that the composition of the growing medium significantly affected golden melon growth. Medium B supported stronger early vegetative development, while medium A tended to increase flower production. Accordingly, medium B is recommended to stimulate early vegetative growth, which may positively influence subsequent developmental stages.
creator: Tasya Yolanda Saragih
creator: Paranita Asnur
creator: Tubagus Kiki Kawakibi Azmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tasya Yolanda Saragih, Paranita Asnur, Tubagus Kiki Kawakibi Azmi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-04
publication date: 2026-05-04
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 375
ending page: 384
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11468

Streptomyces spp. as a Biological Control Agent for Xanthomonas oryzae: A Strategy to Improve National Food Security; Review Article
type: item
description: National food security faces serious challenges due to bacterial leaf blight in rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae. This article aims to analyze the potential of Streptomyces spp. as biological control agents to suppress the development of this pathogen through a literature study approach. The method employed was a systematic review of national and international scientific journals discussing antagonistic mechanisms, secondary metabolite production, and the role of rhizobacteria in enhancing rice plant resistance. The findings indicate that Streptomyces spp. inhibit the growth of Xanthomonas oryzae by producing antibiotics, lytic enzymes, and inducing systemic resistance in rice plants. Furthermore, their application may reduce dependence on chemical pesticides, making them more environmentally friendly. Therefore, the utilization of Streptomyces spp. represents a promising biological strategy to improve rice productivity and strengthen national food security.
creator: Bahtiar Rahmadani
creator: Nabila Revicha Setioningrum
creator: Zidan Zifa Destafi
creator: Abraham Febiano Kristian
creator: Loekas Soesanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bahtiar Rahmadani, Nabila Revicha Setioningrum, Zidan Zifa Destafi, Abraham Febiano Kristian, Loekas Soesanto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-04
publication date: 2026-05-04
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 385
ending page: 391
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11891

Phylogenetic Analysis of Groupers at Labuhan Lombok Based on CO1 Gene
type: item
description: Groupers (family Serranidae) are high-value reef fish that are often prone to misidentification due to their morphological similarities. This research examined the phylogenetic relationships of grouper species landed at the Pondok Sampan Fish Landing Site in Labuhan Lombok using the Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (CO1) gene. One specific sample (K5) was analyzed to verify its taxonomic status. DNA isolation was performed through the CTAB technique, followed by PCR amplification and sequencing. Morphological identification initially suggested the sample belonged to the genus Epinephelus. However, molecular results showed that K5 is Aethaloperca rogaa (100% similarity). The phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the Neighbor-Joining approach with 10,000 bootstrap iterations and the Kimura 2-Parameter model in MEGA XI, which placed the specimen within a monophyletic group alongside A. rogaa sequences from Egypt, showing a genetic distance of 0.00. The nucleotide composition (T: 29.8%, C: 27.3%, A: 25.5%, G: 17.4%) was identical to the reference sequence, confirming the anti-G bias typical of teleost mitochondrial DNA. This research illustrates the critical importance of DNA barcoding to correct morphology-based misclassifications. It emphasizes the need for genetic confirmation in fisheries diversity evaluations and in the sustainable management of grouper populations across the Indo-Pacific.
creator: Baiq Endang Kurnia Ramdhani
creator: Mahrus Mahrus
creator: Lalu Zulkifli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Baiq Endang Kurnia Ramdhani, Mahrus Mahrus, Lalu Zulkifli http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-05
publication date: 2026-05-05
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 392
ending page: 398
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11854

Carbon Stock Potential of Mangrove Species in South Lombok Coastal Ecotourism Area
type: item
description: Data on carbon stocks in mangroves within coastal ecotourism areas remain limited, despite their high potential as tropical blue carbon sinks. This study evaluates the carbon stock potential of mangrove species at Bale Mangrove Ecotourism Site using line transect-quadrat plot methods and IPCC guidelines, incorporating allometric biomass analysis (V = π(d/2)²th with genus-specific wood density). Key findings reveal total aboveground biomass of 22.95 ton/ha and carbon stock potential of 11.48 ton C/ha (equivalent to 42.12 ton CO₂/ha), dominated by Rhizophora mucronata (3.96 ton C/ha) due to larger stand size and high wood density (0.92 g/cm³), while Avicennia marina was lowest (0.06 ton C/ha) owing to minimal abundance. These inter-species differences reflect early dynamics where pioneer Rhizophora excels in initial biomass accumulation. Overall, results confirm mangrove restoration's role in IPCC-based carbon inventories, with implications for sustainable ecotourism management to maximize long-term blue carbon capacity
creator: Luthfiyannisa Luthfiyannisa
creator: Agil Al Idrus
creator: Abdul Syukur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Luthfiyannisa Luthfiyannisa, Agil Al Idrus, Abdul Syukur http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-05
publication date: 2026-05-05
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 399
ending page: 408
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11729

A Review on Talas Beneng (Xanthosoma undipes K. Koch) and Its Role in Food Security
type: item
description: Talas beneng (Xanthosoma undipes K. Koch), a tuber crop originating from Pandeglang Regency, Banten, represents a promising staple carbohydrate alternative. This literature review aims to examine the potential of talas beneng as a locally based food resource in supporting food diversification and food security. This study employed a narrative literature review with a structured search approach to evaluate the potential of talas beneng as a locally based food resource. Relevant scientific publications published between 2001 and 2025 were identified through databases such as Google Scholar and national journal portals, and were selected based on their relevance to nutritional characteristics, agronomic performance, and processing potential. The findings indicate that talas beneng has high nutritional value, including dietary fiber, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, along with a low glycemic index of approximately 55%. Agronomically, talas beneng grows well in mountainous areas, exhibits resistance to pests and diseases, and produces high tuber yields. Moreover, talas beneng can be processed into various food products, such as flour, snacks, and bakery products, thereby enhancing its utilization and economic value. Overall, the reviewed literature suggests that talas beneng holds strong potential as a local food resource and could play a strategic role in supporting sustainable food security when accompanied by further research, community education, institutional collaboration, and improved access to processing technologies.
creator: Gisti Rahmawati
creator: Fakhera Shofwa
creator: Siti Ameilia Kurniasih
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gisti Rahmawati, Fakhera Shofwa, Siti Ameilia Kurniasih http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-05
publication date: 2026-05-05
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 409
ending page: 417
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11503

Antibacterial Activity of Red Algae Extract (Eucheuma cottonii) Against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacteria
type: item
description: Acne is a frequent skin issue characterized by inflammation, linked to an overproduction of oil and the growth of bacteria, especially Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of red algae (Eucheuma cottonii) extract at concentrations of 25%, 35%, and 45% against these acne-causing bacteria. The extraction process utilized the maceration technique with 96% ethanol over a period of 72 hours. The evaluation of antibacterial activity was performed through the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique. The results demonstrated that all tested concentrations produced inhibition zones classified as moderate against both bacteria. The highest antibacterial activity was observed at the 45% concentration, with mean inhibition zones of 7.3 ± 0.87 mm for P. acnes and 8.2 ± 1.67 mm for S. epidermidis. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA indicated no significant differences in antibacterial activity among the tested concentrations for both P. acnes shown p value is .171 (p > 0.05) and S. epidermidis shown p value is .053 (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that E. cottonii extract possesses moderate antibacterial activity and has potential as a natural active ingredient for the development of anti-acne topical formulations, although increasing concentration within the tested range does not significantly enhance its effectiveness.
creator: Andreas Lapu Dwitama Bongga
creator: Ivonne Mona Selly Panjaitan
creator: Joshua H. L. Tobing
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Andreas Lapu Dwitama Bongga, Ivonne Mona Selly Panjaitan, Joshua H. L. Tobing http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-05
publication date: 2026-05-05
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 418
ending page: 424
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11997

The Impact of Bokashi and NPK Fertilizer Applications on Pakchoy (Brassica rapa L.) Growth
type: item
description: The growth of pakchoy is determined by the availability of nutrients around its root system. Research on the effect of bokashi and NPK fertilizer on pakchoy vegetative growth was conducted from May to August 2025. This study aimed to measure the increase in pakchoy growth after being given bokashi and NPK fertilizer. The pakchoy planting experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with two factors. Pakcoy was planted in experimental pots, given bokashi treatment 3 days before planting and given NPK fertilizer 15 and 22 days after planting. The results of the experiment showed that: (1) the vegetative growth parameters of pakchoy given 1.5 g of NPK fertilizer were significantly different from the control, except for leaf width, (2) the vegetative growth parameters of pakchoy given 1.6 kg of bokashi were significantly different from the control, except for leaf width, (3) The interaction of bokashi and NPK fertilizer did not significantly affect the vegetative growth of pakchoy.
creator: Ahmad Raksun
creator: Lalu Zulkifli
creator: I Wayan Mertha
creator: Didik Santoso
creator: Moh. Liwa Ilhamdi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Raksun, Lalu Zulkifli, I Wayan Mertha, Didik Santoso, Moh. Liwa Ilhamdi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-05
publication date: 2026-05-05
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 325
ending page: 430
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11543

Understorey Plant Diversity in Imbo Putui Customary Forest, Kampar Regency, Riau
type: item
description: The Imbo Putui Customary Forest is an ecosystem that plays an important ecological role as a provider of environmental services and habitat for tropical biodiversity. This study analyzes the diversity of understory plants in the Imbo Putui Customary Forest using a descriptive quantitative research design. Data collection was carried out using a 100 × 20 m main plot combined with 2 × 2 m subplots as sampling units for understory vegetation. The results of this study show that there are 29 plant species belonging to 18 families, originating from 4 habits: herbaceous, shrub, grass, and shrub, and three families were found to be abundant, namely Poaceae, Arecaceae, and Asteraceae. The results showed that the understory plant community consisted of various growth forms, with herbaceous plants showing the highest level of diversity, while shrubs showed the lowest level of diversity. Overall, the level of diversity indicates that the forest ecosystem is in relatively good ecological condition. These findings confirm the ecological stability of the Imbo Putui Customary Forest and emphasize the importance of sustainable conservation and management efforts to maintain ecosystem balance and provide benefits to indigenous communities.
creator: Syaiful Syifa
creator: Pebriandi Pebriandi
creator: Viny Volcherina Darlis
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Syaiful Syifa, Pebriandi Pebriandi, Viny Volcherina Darlis http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 431
ending page: 441
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11369

Insect Diversity and Dominance on Malay Apple (Syzygium malaccense L.) Plantation at Liwa Botanical Garden, West Lampung, Indonesia
type: item
description: Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense L.) is a tropical fruit species grown in the fruit garden section of Liwa Botanical Garden, West Lampung, Indonesia. Insect communities play an important role in agroecosystems because they consist of both pest species and beneficial organisms such as predators and parasitoids. This study aimed to determine insect diversity and dominance on Malay apple plantations in the Fruit Garden of the Regional Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) of Liwa Botanical Garden. The observation was conducted from September to October 2021 using direct observation, pitfall traps, and yellow sticky traps across five sampling plots arranged diagonally. Insect identification was conducted based on morphological characteristics using relevant literature. Species diversity was evaluated using the Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H’), while dominance was measured using Simpson’s dominance index (C). A total of 1,594 insect individuals belonging to nine orders were recorded, including Diptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Dermaptera, Odonata, and Neuroptera. The diversity index (H’) was 1.44, indicating moderate diversity, while the dominance index (C) was 0.43, suggesting low dominance. Diptera was the most abundant order, dominated by fruit flies (Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera cucurbitae). The results indicate that the insect community structure in the Malay apple plantation is relatively balanced, although fruit flies have the potential to become major pests. Increasing plant diversity through flowering plants (refugia) is recommended to support beneficial insect populations and maintain ecosystem stability.
creator: Luna Lukvitasari
creator: Ari Saputra
creator: Yuyun Fitriana
creator: Jon Hendra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Luna Lukvitasari, Ari Saputra, Yuyun Fitriana, Jon Hendra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 442
ending page: 448
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11830

Intermitten Fasting and Caloric Restriction in Adults: Differential Effect on Cognitive Function and Neurobiological Outcomes: A Systematic Review
type: item
description: Intermittent fasting (IF) and caloric restriction (CR) represent dietary strategies based on energy intake limitation that have been widely investigated for their potential benefits on metabolic processes and brain performance. This systematic review aims to evaluate the relationship and effects of IF and CR on cognitive function and neurobiological outcomes related to brain inflammation in adult populations. Literature retrieval was carried out through the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases using inclusion criteria structured by the PICOS framework, resulting in 10 eligible studies. The analysis showed that several studies reported improvements in cognitive function following IF/CR interventions, which were thought to be associated with enhanced neurogenesis and reduced inflammatory markers. However, several other studies found no significant differences compared with the control groups, which may have been influenced by the relatively short duration of the interventions, limitations in cognitive assessment methods, and the relatively healthy characteristics of the study populations. Therefore, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the effects of these dietary interventions cannot be fully explained. In summary, IF and CR show promise as nutritional interventions to promote cognitive function in adults; however, the current body of evidence is still heterogeneous, highlighting the need for future studies employing more rigorous methodologies and extended intervention durations.
creator: Fajri Ramadhan Marviano
creator: Annisa Apriyelita
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fajri Ramadhan Marviano, Annisa Apriyelita http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 449
ending page: 461
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11794

Exploring Antidiabetic Properties of Stingless Bee Pollen and Kasturi Mango (Mangifera casturi) Leaves: Comparative Review
type: item
description: The absence of a comparative biochemical analysis between stingless bee pollen and Mangifera casturi leaves prevents the optimization of their synergistic potential in diabetes management. This study aims to evaluate the bioactive profiles and compare the antidiabetic mechanisms of these dua natural products. The investigation utilized a systematic literature review by retrieving peer reviewed articles from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The selection process followed the PRISMA 2020 framework to ensure a transparent and reproducible screening of literature. Data analysis involved a comparative thematic synthesis to evaluate the correlation between phytochemical groups and glycemic control. Results demonstrate that both materials share homologous flavonoid compounds that improve insulin sensitivity and mitigate oxidative stress. Stingless bee pollen provides superior pancreatic β cell protection while Mangifera casturi shows higher inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes. This study concludes that both materials offer significant antidiabetic efficacy through complementary molecular pathways. These findings provide a scientific foundation for the development of evidence based complementary medicine. Future research should prioritize clinical trials to determine the optimal dosage for human application.
creator: Chantika Noor Khalifah
creator: Paula Mariana Kustiawan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Chantika Noor Khalifah, Paula Mariana Kustiawan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 462
ending page: 471
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11550

Physical and Chemical Characteristic Analysis of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Chicken Manure and Mustard Greens Waste
type: item
description: Liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) can be made from organic waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of liquid organic fertilizer made from chicken manure and mustard green waste. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments of combinations of the amount of mustard green waste and chicken manure as follows: P1: Chicken manure 1000 g, P2: Mustard green waste 750 g, P3 Chicken manure 500 g + Mustard green waste 500 g, P4: Chicken manure 250 g + Mustard green waste 750 g and P5: Chicken manure 750 g + Mustard green waste 250 g. The results showed that in 45 days the LOF produced had the following physical characteristics: temperature ranging between 27-29.38 °C, foul-smelling aroma, and color varying from yellowish green to black. In addition, the chemical characteristics were as follows: pH values ranged from 5.53 - 7.96, the content of macro nutrients (N + P2O5 + K2O) ranged from 0.2-0.8% and C-organic was between 0.5-0.8%. Most of the character did not meet the minimum technical requirements by the Ministry of Agriculture Decree number 261 of 2019. Further studies are required to determine better composition of organic matters.
creator: Rista Delyani
creator: Jaini Fakhrudin
creator: Muhammad Ali
creator: Lisnawati Waruwu
creator: Putriana Putriana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rista Delyani, Jaini Fakhrudin, Muhammad Ali, Lisnawati Waruwu, Putriana Putriana http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 472
ending page: 479
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11663

Public Response to Waste from The Rejeki Gangsar Slaughterhouse in Bulurejo
type: item
description: Slaughterhouse waste is a residual material produced from the process of slaughtering animals in slaughterhouse facilities. This waste can include organic materials, such as blood, offal, bones and leftover meat, which can become a source of environmental pollution if not managed properly. Effective management of RPH waste crucial for reducing environmental impacts and maintaning public health. This study aims to determine public perceptions regarding the impact of slaughterhouse waste on environmental health and public welfare regarding waste around slaughterhouses. The method used in this study is a qualitative method by means of direct observation in the field by conducting a survey at the Rejeki Gangsar Slaughterhouse (RPH) and distributing questionnaires to the community for 30 sample respondents around the RPH which are divided into 2 radii, namely with a distance of less than 100 m and more than 100 m with 15 respondents each. The results of statistical analysis show that the community's response to air quality, the presence of animals that disturb water quality, the impact on health, and the socio-economic impact in this study, the different distances between houses affect the data to be non-significant. In this study, the distance between people's houses is different, so that people's responses are not uniform and are difficult to detect as significant in data analysis.
creator: Riandika Adi Perdana
creator: Ludfia Windyasmara
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Riandika Adi Perdana, Ludfia Windyasmara http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 480
ending page: 485
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11832

The Effect of No-Shearing Treatment on the Growth of Eucalyptus Seedlings (Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell)
type: item
description: Leaf pruning is often used to suppress transpiration, but experimental evidence in Eucalyptus suggests that reducing leaf area is not always necessary and can reduce seedling performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of leaf pruning on the survival and early vegetative growth during the seedling phase of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. This study used an experimental approach, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The results showed that the effect of leaf pruning on the growth of Eucalyptus pellita seedlings resulted in good average growth in vegetative growth parameters, such as normal plant life at 21 days after planting (DAP), plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, seedling recovery rate, and root volume. This indicates that the presence of intact leaves plays an important role in supporting the process of photosynthesis, carbohydrate accumulation, and distribution of assimilates to growth organs, thereby increasing seedling vigor. On the other hand, root length and root dry weight did not show any significant effect, due to the presence of a root growth limiting factor, namely the tube, so that the roots could not grow to their maximum length (the roots only surrounded the tube position). The conclusion is that there is an effect of the treatment without leaf shears on the survival success and initial vegetative growth during the nursery phase of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell.
creator: Alex Andriadi Harahap
creator: Nurul Qomar
creator: Hapsoh Hapsoh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Alex Andriadi Harahap, Nurul Qomar, Hapsoh Hapsoh http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 486
ending page: 498
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11999

Effects of Incubation Temperature Variation on Embryonic Development Rate, Hatching time, Abnormality and Survival of Larval Sea Urchin Salmacis sphaeroides
type: item
description: Salmacis sphaeroides is a species of sea urchin that plays an important role in economic and ecological aspects. However, high utilization rates by the public have led to a natural decline in population, This is provide a controlled environment that ensures a high-quality supply of sea urchin, reducing dependence on natural stocks. This study aims to analyze the effect of temperature differences on the rate of S. sphaeroides development, hatching rates, abnormality and survival rates of sea urchin embryo maintained by incubation of temperature, consisting of 5 treatments and 3 repeats. The method used in this research was an experimental method using the Complete Randomization Design. ANOVA tests showed that temperature had a significant effect on the hatch resistance, abnormality and survival of sea urchin larvae. Duncan continued testing. The results of research on embryonic development rates, hatching rate, abnormality and survival rates of sea urchins are significantly different. The best development and hatching rate is found at 28℃-30℃, the best abnormality at 28℃ with a value of 15.0±2.3 ᵃ and the best survival rate is also recorded at 28℃ with a value of 79.3±10.1 ᶜ. These results identify that temperatures of 28℃-29℃ can be recommended for sea urchin cultivation, taking into account the balance between egg hatches, abnormality and survival rate of sea urchin larvae.
creator: Tri Nabila Putri
creator: Muhammad Junaidi
creator: Victor David Nico Gultom
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tri Nabila Putri, Muhammad Junaidi, Victor David Nico Gultom http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 499
ending page: 508
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11901

The Effect of Differences in The Use of EM4 Doses in The Fermentation of Teak Leaves (Tectona grandis) with The Addition of Molasses on Nutrient Content
type: item
description: Teak leaves are an abundant waste product, but their use as animal feed is still limited due to their high fiber content and relatively low crude protein content. Their nutritional quality can be improved through a fermentation process. This study aimed to determine the effect of various doses of EM-4 (Effective Microorganism 4) on teak leaf fermentation to obtain the most optimal nutritional content. In this study, the design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications resulting in 12 treatment combinations. Each of which was divided into treatments P0 (0 ml), P1 (6 ml), P2 (12 ml), P3 (18 ml) and fermented for 14 days. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a significance level of 5%. The results of the Duncan test showed that with different doses of EM - 4, there was no significant effect on crude fiber, dry matter, and crude protein (P>0.05). Although descriptively, there was an increase in crude fiber and crude protein content, and a decrease in dry matter content with increasing EM4 dosage, these changes were not statistically significant. In conclusion, differences in EM-4 dosage during fermentation did not significantly affect the nutritional content of crude fiber, crude protein, and dry matter.
creator: Aris Nur Wahab
creator: Catur Suci Purwati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Aris Nur Wahab, Catur Suci Purwati http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 509
ending page: 515
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11853

Analysis of Traders’ Satisfaction with the Quality of Beef Products at the Slaughterhouse of the Department of Food Security, Agriculture, and Fisheries (DKP3), Sragen Regency
type: item
description: The quality of beef products plays an important role in determining trader satisfaction, especially in slaughterhouses that function as providers of safe, healthy, whole, and halal meat. However, several problems related to product quality, such as inconsistent color, fat content, and freshness, may lead to trader dissatisfaction. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the level of product quality and its effect on trader satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of beef product quality and trader satisfaction at the slaughterhouse managed by the Department of Food Security, Agriculture, and Fisheries of Sragen Regency. The research utilized a descriptive quantitative approach through a survey method. Information was gathered via a structured questionnaire featuring a Likert scale (1–5), which was given to 20 beef vendors. The analysis focused on variables such as product quality (including color, texture, marbling, smell, and freshness) as the independent variable and vendor satisfaction as the dependent variable. Data was examined using descriptive statistics along with simple linear regression. Findings indicated that vendors typically held a favorable view of the quality of beef products, as indicated by the prevalence of “agree” and “strongly agree” answers across all measured factors. The statistical analysis showed that product quality had a noteworthy positive effect on vendor satisfaction, indicated by a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.915, suggesting that 91.5% of vendor satisfaction was affected by product quality. Furthermore, the regression analysis pointed to a significant connection (p < 0.05) between product quality and vendor satisfaction. In summary, the quality of beef products has a major impact on vendor satisfaction at the slaughterhouse. Thus, it is critical to uphold and enhance product quality to guarantee vendor satisfaction and maintain business viability.
creator: Asykal Fira Yahya
creator: Catur Suci Purwati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Asykal Fira Yahya, Catur Suci Purwati http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 516
ending page: 524
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11874

Article Review: The Role of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis in Rice Planthoponus Control and Food Security
type: item
description: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the primary food source for the majority of the world’s population, particularly in Asia. Leafhoppers are among the primary organisms that damage farmers’ crops, especially rice. Improper control measures, particularly the use of insecticides, can lead to negative impacts such as pest resistance and resurgence; furthermore, the use of insecticides can reduce natural enemy populations. The use of natural predators such as Cyrtorhinus lividipennis serves as an alternative in biological control. This article aims to examine the role of C. lividipennis in controlling brown planthopper populations in rice crops and its impact on food security. The method used was a literature review analyzing various research findings related to brown planthopper population dynamics, predator density, predation rates, and their impact on rice productivity. The results of the study indicate that the presence of C. lividipennis can significantly suppress brown planthopper populations through predation, with predation rates of 50–80%. Predator density is negatively correlated with brown planthopper populations. The impact of this control is also evident in reduced crop damage and increased rice growth and productivity. Thus, C. lividipennis has the potential to serve as a biological control agent to support food security.
creator: Maulin Eka Cahyani
creator: Rafa Aida Ainur Risna
creator: Aura Helga Primadani
creator: Sultan Nugraha
creator: Loekas Soesanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Maulin Eka Cahyani, Rafa Aida Ainur Risna, Aura Helga Primadani, Sultan Nugraha, Loekas Soesanto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 525
ending page: 532
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11884

Zinc (Zn) Accumulation in Mantis Shrimp (Harpiosquilla raphidea) from Sungsang, Banyuasin
type: item
description: The Sungsang area in the Musi River estuary is an important fishing ground that is potentially exposed to zinc (Zn) contamination due to intensive anthropogenic activities. This study aimed to analyze Zn accumulation in mantis shrimp (Harpiosquilla raphidea) and to evaluate its consumption safety. Samples were collected from local collectors and analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry in accordance with SNI 2354-13:2014. The results showed that Zn concentrations ranged from 20.24 to 21.27 mg/kg, with an average of 20.70 mg/kg, remaining below the maximum permissible limit established by Dirjen POM (1989). Risk assessment based on estimated intake indicated that Zn exposure from mantis shrimp consumption is within safe limits for humans. Overall, these findings confirm that mantis shrimp from Sungsang are safe for consumption with respect to Zn contamination. This study provides scientific evidence for food safety assessment and underscores the need for continuous monitoring of heavy metal contamination to support sustainable coastal resource management.
creator: Ryan Syekhan
creator: Wike Ayu Eka Putri
creator: Riris Aryawati
creator: Beta Susanto Barus
creator: Fitri Agustriani
creator: Melki Melki
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ryan Syekhan, Wike Ayu Eka Putri, Riris Aryawati, Beta Susanto Barus, Fitri Agustriani, Melki Melki http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 533
ending page: 539
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11522

Analysis of the Pollution Index of Cadmium and Lead in Paddy Fields in Tempuran Subdistrict, Karawang Regency
type: item
description: Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils has become an increasing environmental concern due to its potential impact on food safety and ecosystem sustainability. This study aims to analyze the concentration and contamination levels of heavy metals Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) in paddy fields located in Tempuran District, Karawang Regency. This region is one of the national rice production centers and is vulnerable to heavy metal accumulation due to intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides. The research was conducted in 14 villages, with disturbed soil samples collected for heavy metal and texture analysis, and undisturbed soil samples collected for porosity and permeability analysis. The main parameters analyzed were Cd and Pb concentrations using the ICP-OES method based on SNI 8910:2021. In addition, the pipette method was used for soil texture analysis; bulk and particle densities were used for porosity calculation; and the percolation method was used to measure permeability. Secondary data included the frequency of fertilizer and pesticide application, land use, age, and harvest periods. Results showed that Cd and Pb concentrations at all sampling locations remained below the threshold limits set by quality standards. Pollution assessment using the Contamination Factor (CF), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), and Ecological Risk Index (Er) indicated that paddy fields in Tempuran District are categorized as uncontaminated to very low risk.
creator: Alfan Adhi Nugroho
creator: Gina Lova Sari
creator: Wilma Nurrul Adzillah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Alfan Adhi Nugroho, Gina Lova Sari, Wilma Nurrul Adzillah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 540
ending page: 550
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11426

Analysis of Arsenic and Chromium Content and Pollution Index in Rice Fields in Tempuran Subdistrict, Karawang Regency
type: item
description: Heavy metals are one of the most dangerous pollutants because they are non-degradable. This study aims to analyze the content of arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) and evaluate the level of pollution in rice field soil in Tempuran Subdistrict, Karawang Regency. Soil samples were taken in 14 villages, with 10 points taken in each village using purposive sampling. Laboratory analysis was conducted to determine the As and Cr content in the rice field soil, and then calculate the heavy metal pollution index value. The results of this study show that the concentration of As, a heavy metal, is still below the quality standard, while Cr varies in each village. Based on the calculation of the pollution index using the Contamination Factor (Cf), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Ecological Risk Index (Re), Ecological Risk Potential Index (RI), and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), it was found that the rice fields in Tempuran Subdistrict were categorized as unpolluted to polluted in several villages. The results of mapping with ArcGIS to determine the distribution of heavy metals show that the Ar levels in all research locations are relatively uniform and are displayed in green, indicating that the values are below the quality standards. In contrast, chromium is displayed in shades of light brown to dark brown, reflecting variations in levels in each village, where some areas are below the quality standards, and others exceed the specified thresholds.
creator: Zhafira Izzatul Mila
creator: Gina Lova Sari
creator: Ing. Willma Nurrul Adzillah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zhafira Izzatul Mila, Gina Lova Sari, Ing. Willma Nurrul Adzillah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 551
ending page: 564
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11420

Optimization Yield and Physical Characteristics of Household-Scale Coconut Oil through Various Simple Extraction Methods
type: item
description: The selection of coconut oil extraction methods at the household scale needs to consider the quality and quantity of the resulting product. This study aimed to optimize simple coconut oil extraction methods based on physical characteristics, organoleptic properties, yield, and water content. A Completely Randomized Design (RAL) was used with 4 treatment methods: P1 (dry method/direct heating of grated coconut), P2 (wet method with direct heating of coconut milk), P3 (wet method with the addition of 1% papain enzyme), and P4 (wet method with separation of skim and cream from coconut milk). Test parameters included organoleptic tests (color, aroma, taste), yield, and water content. The results showed that the extraction method significantly affected yield and water content but did not significantly affect panelists preference for color. The dry method (P1) produced the highest yield (14.77%) but had the lowest organoleptic quality. The wet methods with skim-cream separation and papain enzyme addition (P3) produced the best organoleptic quality with the lowest water content (0.17%). SNI standard of water content maximum 0.5%. In conclusion, the wet extraction method with skim-cream separation and the addition of proteolytic enzymes such as papain is recommended for household-scale production as it produces superior quality oil with low water content.
creator: Rasmiyana Rasmiyana
creator: Angga Prasetyo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rasmiyana Rasmiyana, Angga Prasetyo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 565
ending page: 572
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11880

The Effect of Cooling Pad Spacing in Closed Cages on Broiler Chicken Performance
type: item
description: Optimizing cooling pad placement in closed house systems is critical to ensuring uniform thermal distribution and preventing heat stress, yet the effect of cooling pad distance on broiler performance during the starter phase remains insufficiently studied. Objective: This study investigated the effect of three cooling pad distances (6 m, 12 m, and 18 m) on feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broiler chickens during the starter phase. Methods: A completely randomized design (CRD) was applied with three treatments (P1, P2, P3) and four replications (5 birds/replication; 60 birds total) over 14 days at a commercial broiler farm in Jenawi, Karanganyar. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Results: Cooling pad distance had no significant effect (P>0.05) on FI, BWG, or FCR, with all FCR values remaining within the normal commercial range. The evaporative cooling pad effectively distributed cool air uniformly up to 18 m, demonstrating that the full capacity of the closed house can be utilized without compromising production efficiency. These findings contribute scientific evidence that proper cooling pad installation eliminates thermal gradients across house zones, providing a basis for optimizing housing design and management in tropical broiler production.
creator: Khayla Nur Aisya Fitri
creator: Ali Mursyid Wahyu Mulyono
creator: Muhammad Husein
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Khayla Nur Aisya Fitri , Ali Mursyid Wahyu Mulyono, Muhammad Husein http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-07
publication date: 2026-05-07
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 573
ending page: 579
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11759

Rural Agricultural Development and Farmer Empowerment in North Lombok Within The National Policy Framewor
type: item
description: Agricultural and rural development policies in Indonesia are strategically designed to promote food security, reduce rural poverty, and empower farmers. However, persistent gaps between national policy objectives and local implementation remain evident, particularly in peripheral and island regions such as North Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. This study aims to critically review agricultural and rural development policies in Indonesia by focusing on farmer empowerment within the framework of national policy implementation at the local level. This article employs a qualitative literature review method by systematically analyzing peer-reviewed journal articles, policy documents, and relevant reports published over the last decade. The review emphasizes theoretical perspectives on participatory rural development, the capability approach, and place-based policy to interpret policy dynamics and implementation outcomes. The results indicate that agricultural and rural development policies are largely normative and production-oriented, with limited adaptation to local socio-economic and agro-ecological contexts. Weak institutional capacity, fragmented policy coordination, and insufficient farmer participation have constrained the effectiveness of empowerment initiatives in North Lombok. The findings further highlight that farmer empowerment is more strongly influenced by institutional support and governance quality than by individual farmer characteristics alone. In conclusion, effective agricultural and rural development requires a contextual, participatory, and institutionally grounded policy approach. Strengthening local institutions, enhancing policy convergence across sectors, and adopting place-based development strategies are essential to improving farmer empowerment and rural economic resilience. It is recommended that future policies prioritize institutional strengthening and locally adaptive frameworks to ensure inclusive and sustainable agricultural and rur…
creator: Zainab Zainab
creator: Baharuddin Baharuddin
creator: Jalaluddin Jalaluddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zainab Zainab, Baharuddin Baharuddin, Jalaluddin Jalaluddin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 580
ending page: 586
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11317

Manganese (Mn) Accumulation in Jerbung Shrimp (Penaues merguensis) from the Sungsang Estuary, South Sumatra
type: item
description: Estuaries are intermediate environments that are extremely susceptible to pollution, especially heavy metals like manganese (Mn). The goals of this research were to determine the amount of manganese in the consumable flesh of Jerbung shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) taken from the Sungsang Estuary in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia, and to ascertain the safe intake levels for people. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) was used to analyze the shrimp samples at a wavelength of 257. 61 nm. According to the findings, the average Mn content in shrimp muscle was somewhat higher than the limit set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), falling between 3. 16 and 3. 21 mg/kg. Even if just shrimp are consumed, the projected consumption limits based on dietary intake calculations still suggest a comparatively low immediate health risk. However, the high Mn concentration indicates the effect of environmental pollution brought about by human actions in the Musi River estuary. These findings emphasize the significance of controlling pollution sources and carrying out routine environmental monitoring to ensure the safety of seafood and the sustainability of estuarine ecosystems.
creator: Anjar Puteri Liana
creator: Wike Ayu Eka Putri
creator: Melki Melki
creator: Beta Susanto Barus
creator: Fitri Agustriani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Anjar Puteri Liana, Wike Ayu Eka Putri, Melki Melki, Beta Susanto Barus, Fitri Agustriani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 587
ending page: 593
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11628

The Effect of Adding Molasses to Avocado Seed Flour (Persea americana) Silage on Physical and Chemical Quality
type: item
description: Avocado seed meal, a part of the avocado plant that is rich in antioxidants and various other nutrients and non-nutrient substances, has great potential to be used as an herbal additive in animal feed. This study aims to determine the effect of molasses addition on the nutrient profile and quality of avocado seed meal silage. The control treatment (P1) used plain avocado seed flour, while the experimental treatments (P2, P3, and P4) incorporated increasing molasses concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% of dry matter, respectively. All treatments were stored for 21 days at ambient temperature. The metrics assessed included nutrient composition, physical characteristics, and fresh silage quality. The data collected were evaluated using analysis of variance, and differences in parameter values among treatments were additionally examined with DMRT at a significance level of 5%. Findings showed that molasses notably improved the silage's nutrient composition and fresh quality (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on physical quality (P>0.05). The conclusion of this study suggests that adding 3% molasses can produce the highest-quality avocado seed meal silage as an optimal feed for livestock.
creator: Engkus Ainul Yakin
creator: Ali Mursyid Wahyu Mulyono
creator: Catur Suci Purwati
creator: Sri Sukaryani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Engkus Ainul Yakin, Ali Mursyid Wahyu Mulyono, Catur Suci Purwati, Sri Sukaryani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 594
ending page: 600
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11807

Potential of Beauveria bassiana Controlling Nilaparvata lugens for Food Security: A Review Article
type: item
description: The Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is a strategic pest threatening the stability of national rice production. Farmers' dependence on synthetic insecticides has triggered pest resistance and environmental degradation, making the utilization of biological agents such as the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana an urgent alternative solution. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the potential, mechanisms, and effectiveness of B. bassiana in controlling N. lugens. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) by examining experimental articles from accredited national journals and reputable international journals published between 2018 and 2025. Results of data synthesis indicate that B. bassiana has a very high level of pathogenicity (nymph mortality >78%), especially when using local isolates cultured on corn media. However, its effectiveness is highly influenced by abiotic factors, where conidial viability is optimal at 25°C and drops sharply at extreme temperatures (34°C). Recent findings prove that B. bassiana can colonize as an endophyte within rice tissues, suppressing planthopper fecundity while simultaneously inducing systemic plant resistance. Additionally, this fungus is proven compatible and synergistic when combined with sublethal insecticide doses. It is concluded that B. bassiana is effective as both a contact biopesticide and an internal protection agent within Integrated Pest Management.
creator: Fijar Muhamad Fathurohman
creator: Raisa Shakila Parsa
creator: Indah Lestari
creator: Farica Falihah
creator: Loekas Soesanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fijar Muhamad Fathurohman, Raisa Shakila Parsa, Indah Lestari, Farica Falihah, Loekas Soesanto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 601
ending page: 606
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11885

Inventory and Conservation Status of Herpetofauna Species at Tapos Resort, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park
type: item
description: Herpetofauna is a group of reptiles and amphibians. Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGGP) has a diverse range of herpetofauna. This study aims to record and inventory the conservation status of herpetofauna in the Tapos Resort area of Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. Herpetofauna data collection was carried out in the Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGGP) area, in the Lebak Bumi Ciherang (LBC) forest block and the Cinakimun forest block. West Java, Ciawı District, Bogor Regency, West Java Province. The methods used were Visual Encounter Survey (VES) and Hand Searching. Based on the observation results, a total of 39 individuals were recorded, consisting of 2 orders, 9 families, 10 genera, and 12 species. The most commonly found species in the order Anura was Microhyla achatina with 6 individuals, while in the order Squamata it was Cyrtodactylus marmoratus with 9 individuals. The conservation status according to the IUCN for all species found is Least Concern. Further research is recommended to add to the list of herpetofauna in the Tapos Resort area that have not yet been found.
creator: Muhamad Rafi Al Gifari
creator: Muhammad Daffa Hasyalillah
creator: Muhammad Saltes Albiansyah
creator: Muhammad Fazly Mawla
creator: Rafi Hilman Al Ghiyasi
creator: Ahmad Syafiq Bainahum
creator: Mikail Abdul Rozaq
creator: Fatihatsal Murfi
creator: Narti Fitriana
creator: Dinda Rama Haribowo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Rafi Al Gifari, Muhammad Daffa Hasyalillah, Muhammad Saltes Albiansyah, Muhammad Fazly Mawla, Rafi Hilman Al Ghiyasi, Ahmad Syafiq Bainahum, Mikail Abdul Rozaq, Rafi Hilman Al Ghiyasi, Fatihatsal Murfi, Narti Fitriana, Dinda Rama Haribowo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 607
ending page: 616
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11761

Eutrophication in Indonesian Aquatic Systems: Causes and Ecological Consequences
type: item
description: Eutrophication is one of the major environmental problems affecting the quality and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems. Excessive inputs of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, can accelerate water fertility and lead to changes in aquatic community structure as well as a decline in water quality. This study aims to review the causes, indicators, and ecological impacts of eutrophication in various aquatic ecosystems in Indonesia. The study employed a literature review approach by analyzing scientific articles obtained from academic databases such as Google Scholar, Garuda Kemdikbud, and ScienceDirect. The results indicate that eutrophication in Indonesian waters is mainly driven by anthropogenic activities, including domestic wastewater, agricultural runoff, aquaculture practices, and industrial activities within watershed areas. These conditions are characterized by increased nutrient concentrations, changes in phytoplankton composition, and the occurrence of algal blooms that may reduce water quality and disrupt the balance of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, nutrient source management and continuous water quality monitoring are essential to control eutrophication and maintain the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems in Indonesia.
creator: Cut Sarah Rizkita Rahmi
creator: Lili Nitami
creator: Wahdini Wahdini
creator: Firdus Firdus
creator: M. Nasir
creator: Alia Rizki
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Cut Sarah Rizkita Rahmi, Lili Nitami, Wahdini Wahdini, Firdus Firdus, M. Nasir, Alia Rizki http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-10
publication date: 2026-05-10
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 617
ending page: 625
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11841

Substitution of Maggot Flour (Hermetia Illucens) in Feed on The Performance of Male Peking Duck
type: item
description: Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot meal is one of the sustainable protein sources that need to be investigated due to the rising expense of conventional protein feed. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BSF (Hermetia illucens) maggot meal substitution in rations on the growth performance of male Peking broiler ducks and to determine the optimal level of use. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments and four replications (four ducks per experimental unit) was the research methodology. Grower phase ducks were treated with P0 (0% maggot meal), P1 (10% maggot meal), and P2 (20% maggot meal). Feed consumption, body weight increase (PBB), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were among the metrics noted. With an average intake of 45.00 g/head/day, statistical analysis revealed that maggot meal substitution had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed consumption. On daily body weight gain, however, there was a significant influence (P<0.05), with P1 attaining the maximum growth rate of 17.65 g/head/day. Regarding feed efficiency, although statistically the FCR values ​​between treatments did not show a significant difference (P=0.056), the P1 treatment numerically recorded a lower conversion rate (2.37) compared to the control (3.07). This study concluded that the use of maggot flour up to 10% (P1) has the potential to increase growth rates without compromising feed palatability. These findings provide practical implications for livestock farmers in optimizing production efficiency through the use of local feed ingredients based on organic waste.
creator: Muhammad Fandy Firmansyah
creator: Engkus Ainul Yakin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fandy Firmansyah, Engkus Ainul Yakin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-10
publication date: 2026-05-10
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 626
ending page: 632
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11849

Fermentation of Banana Stems with Indigofera sp using MA-11 on Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility
type: item
description: The limited availability of quality feed, especially during the dry season, encourages the use of agricultural waste as an alternative livestock feed. Fermentation with the addition of microbes has been widely used to improve feed quality, but information regarding the optimal dosage of MA-11 in a mixture of banana stems (Musa paradisiaca) and Indigofera sp. is still limited. The most effective dosage of MA-11 for increasing dry matter and organic matter digestibility in the fermentation of a mixture of banana stems and Indigofera sp. The study aimed to determine the most effective dosage of MA-11 for increasing dry matter and organic matter digestibility in a mixture of banana stems (Musa paradisiaca) and Indigofera sp. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three MA-11 dosage treatments: P0 (0 mL), P1 (1 mL), and P2 (2 mL), each replicated four times. The fermentation process was carried out for 12 days and was followed by a two-stage in vitro digestibility test. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan's Test (DMRT) at a significance level of P < 0.05. MA-11 administration significantly increased dry matter and organic matter digestibility. The best treatment was achieved at a dose of 2 mL (P2). Improved feed quality is influenced by the activity of cellulolytic, proteolytic, and amylolytic bacteria in MA-11, which are capable of breaking down crude fiber into simpler compounds. Fermenting banana stem waste combined with *Indigofera* sp. using MA-11 can improve feed quality, particularly dry matter and organic matter digestibility.
creator: Bayu Santoso
creator: Engkus Ainul Yakin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Bayu Santoso, Engkus Ainul Yakin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-10
publication date: 2026-05-10
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 633
ending page: 639
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11848

Comparative Analysis of DNA Barcodes in The Fabaceae Family
type: item
description: In identifying plants, people are confused about choosing the appropriate barcode for identification. For that reason, this study aims to analyze four DNA barcode rbcL, matK, trnL-trnF IGS, and ITS in the Fabaceae family. DNA sequence were taken and collected from Genbank through the NCBI website, which is 30 species from 6 genera each consisting of 5 species and the outgroup (Acacia auriculiformis). DNA sequence analysis was performed using MEGA 11. Phylogenetic analysis were performed using the Neighbor Joing Tree (NJ) and Maximum Likehood (ML) methods. The results of the analysis sequence variation showed that the highest conserved site was found in rbcL (83.72%) and variable site was found in ITS (62.03%). The number of segregation sites, substitution rates and diversity values in the Fabaceae family were highest in the ITS, respectively (451), (0.155284), and (0.219148). In conclusion, the four DNA barcodes analyzed in the Fabaceae family, namely rbcL, matK, trnL-trnF IGS and ITS, were able to separate the genera in the Fabaceae family. Among the four DNA barcodes analyzed, ITS was superior in identifying the Fabaceae family. The results of this study can be used as information in identifying plants in the Fabaceae family.
creator: Haura Fikriyyah Tsany
creator: Dewi Indriyani Roslim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Haura Fikriyyah Tsany, Dewi Indriyani Roslim http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 640
ending page: 647
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11696

Blue Light Exposure Duration Improves Antioxidant Capacity in Mung Bean Seedlings (Vigna radiata L.)
type: item
description: Antioxidant chemicals found in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) sprouts may help prevent non-communicable diseases linked to oxidative stress; however, it is unknown how long exposure to blue light affects the build-up of these bioactive substances. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different duration of blue LED light exposure on growth, antioxidant activity, and antioxidant-related compound in mung bean sprout. Three replications of a completely randomized design (CRD) were used. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to measure total phenolic content, iodometric titration was used to measure vitamin C, and the DPPH assay was used to measure antioxidant activity. According to the results, antioxidant activity increased significantly (p<0.05) under 24-hour exposure to blue light (30.34±0.61%) compared to darkness (26.40±0.39%). Additionally, tests made using the Folin-Ciocalteu technique and iodometric titration show an increasing tendency when exposed to blue light. Dry weight and hypocotyl length were not considerably impacted by light treatment. These results suggest that blue light duration is important for boosting antioxidant capacity without sacrificing development. This discovery offers a workable method for enhancing the functional quality of mung bean sprouts for controlled-environment agriculture systems and functional food development.
creator: Kaylee Ann Siswanto
creator: Artadana Made Ida Bagus
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kaylee Ann Siswanto, Artadana Made Ida Bagus http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
volume: 26
number: 2
starting page: 648
ending page: 654
doi: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11604