ANALYSIS OF WELL WATER FEASIBILITY AS WATER CONSUMPTION IN BOARDING HOUSE AREA, JEMBER DISTRICT INDONESIA

: Currently, as many as 45% of Indonesian people use well water to meet their daily needs. However, problems with the use of well water occur due to increasing population growth, resulting in increased water pollution. Waste generated by human activities can seep into the ground and contaminate well water. This research was conducted to determine the feasibility of well water as consumption water in the Kos area of Jember Regency. The method used in this research is a descriptive observation method. The study used seven samples of well water originating from the Kos area of Jember Regency and 1 sample of mineral water as a comparison. Samples of well mineral water were tested using physical, chemical, and biological tests. Physical tests were carried out on color, odor, temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS). The chemical test was carried out in the form of a pH test. Biological tests were carried out by observing changes in color and odor due to bacteria after the samples were left for ten days. The results showed that three water samples did not meet the physics test, namely sample 4, sample 6, and sample 8. One well water sample did not meet the chemical test, namely sample 4. Five water samples did not meet the biological test: sample 2, sample 4, sample 6, sample 7, and sample 8.


INTRODUCTION
The primary source of life on earth is water. Every living thing on earth needs water to survive. Water is one of the renewable energies on earth through the water cycle. There are various water sources, such as seawater, river water, rainwater, and groundwater. Groundwater is infiltration water that comes from rainwater that seeps into the ground through the soil surface, rainwater that seeps into the ground first through the soil layers. It results in the mixing of substances in the soil into the rainwater. Some substances that can get mixed into rainwater through the soil layers are heavy metals, magnesium, and calcium [1].
Well water is one of the community's primary sources of clean water. Approximately 45% of the total population in Indonesia uses well water as the main source of water to meet their daily needs [2]. Dug wells are a well water source with a depth of 7-10 meters. Dug wells are the community's most widely used type of well [3]. Dug wells must have good construction, such as walls that must be cemented to prevent harmful substances from entering the well water [4]. Several human activities utilize dug well water, such as washing, bathing, cooking, and drinking. The use of well water for human life must pay attention to the quality of the well water. The quality of well water used for community activities can affect community health. The quality of well water can be interpreted as a quality standard of a water source used for a specific purpose in terms of the substances contained in the water. To review the feasibility of clean water, the government, through the Ministry of Health, issued a Regulation of the Minister of Health or PERMENKES, namely No. 416/Menkes/per/IX/1990, regarding requirements and monitoring of water quality. In this regulation, water quality is viewed from three indicators: chemical, physical and biological [5]. The characteristics of clean water that are harmless and suitable for consumption are clean water that does not contain bacteria and minerals that can harm the health of the body [6].
Water quality indicates the feasibility of water being used for certain purposes. In measuring water quality, it will be expressed in numbers according to the measurement indicators. Then these numbers will be compared or tested based on existing water quality standards. Physical, chemical, and biological tests usually carry out water quality testing. Physical tests on water consist of tests for color, odor, temperature, and the number of dissolved solids.
Meanwhile, the chemical test consists of a pH test. Biological tests were carried out by letting the water stand for ten days and observing changes in color and odor due to bacteria [7]. One of the most important components in supporting an environment's good or bad condition is the availability of clean water and proper sanitation [8]. Therefore, the quality of water suitable for consumption is one of the important things to note. The low quality of water consumed by the community can harm public health [9].
The increasing population today increases the amount of clean water the community needs. The water problem is both in terms of water quality and water quantity. The amount of available water on earth does not change over time because of the water cycle. Thus, population growth causes an increase in the need for water [10]. Based on data cited from the World Health Organization (WHO), in developing countries like Indonesia, each individual needs 30-60 liters of clean water for daily needs [11]. Based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics for Jember Regency, data was obtained showing that Jember Regency was the district with the largest population, ranking 3rd in East Java Province. From 2014 to 2016, there was a rapid increase in the population, from 2.3 million to 2.41 million people. The increase in population has resulted in a decrease in environmental quality, which has an impact on decreasing water quality. Most people of Jember Regency fulfill their water consumption needs with well water and PAM water [12].
In Jember Regency, there are densely populated areas, Jalan Jawa, Jalan Sumatra, Jalan Kalimantan, and Jalan Nias, Sumbersari District Jember Regency. In that area, there are residential areas used as student boarding houses in Jember Regency. The distance between boarding places in the area is very narrow or not even far from one another. Residents of boarding homes on Jalan Jawa, Jalan Sumatra, Jalan Kalimantan, and Jalan Nias, in Sumbersari District, Jember Regency, mostly use well water to meet their daily needs for cooking, washing, and bathing. Given these circumstances, a study was conducted to determine the feasibility of well water for consumption.

RESEARCH METHOD
The type of research used is descriptive observational research located in the boarding house area of Jember Regency. The water samples tested in this study consisted of 7 wells in the Kos area of Jember Regency and one mineral water sample as a comparison. The eight water samples were taken on Friday, October 14, 2022. The samples obtained were tested using physical, chemical, and biological tests. Physical tests were carried out on color, odor, temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS). The chemical test was carried out in the form of a pH test. Biological tests were carried out by observing changes in water color and odor due to bacteria after all water samples were left in bottles for ten days. Color and smell tests are carried out by direct observation using the senses of sight and smell. The temperature test is carried out using a thermometer. The total dissolved solids (TDS) test was carried out using a total dissolved solids (TDS) meter. The pH test was carried out using a pH meter. In addition to testing water samples, this research was also conducted by distributing questionnaires to boarding house residents whose well water was used as the research sample. Questionnaires were distributed to determine the number of well water users for consumption. The research data obtained are presented using tables and then described and compared with the literature on the feasibility of water quality as consumption water. The research results obtained will be compared with the literature,

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Color
The Color test in this study was carried out by direct observation. Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health (Permenkes) RI No. 416/MEN.KES/PER/IX/1990, it is stated that the condition for water that is suitable for consumption is water that is not colored. Colored water can be an indicator of unfit consumption. It is because colored water indicates the presence of substances contained in water, such as metals, organic substances, and other substances [13]. Colorless (clear) well water can be used as the first indicator of assessing the quality of the water [14]. Table 1 shows the results of the color test. Based on the research that has been done, the results showed that the mineral water samples were colorless, and the seven well water samples tested also showed colorless results. It can be the first indicator that the well water is of good quality. Thus, seven samples of well water that have been tested using a color test have met the requirements for the color of water suitable for consumption as written in the Regulation of the Minister of Health (Permenkes) RI No. 416/MEN.KES/PER/IX/1990.

Odor Test Odor
The direct smell carried out a test in this study. Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health (Permenkes) RI No. 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010, it is stated that the requirement for water that is suitable for consumption is water that does not smell. Smelly water indicates the presence of substances dissolved in the water. These substances can cause odors in water, such as decaying organic matter, chemicals such as phenols, and the presence of macroscopic organisms [15]. Table 2 shows the results of the odor test.

Temperature
Well water temperature test is carried out using a thermometer. Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health (Permenkes) RI No. 32 of 2017, concerning water temperature quality standards that are suitable for consumption, it is stated that water that is suitable for consumption must have a temperature in the range of ± 3°C from the air temperature around the water source. Water temperature too high or more than 3°C from air temperature makes the water unfit for consumption. It is because high water temperatures can signify the presence of harmful substances if consumed. Hazardous substances that can cause high water temperatures are sulfur or phenol [16]. Apart from indicating the presence of hazardous substances, water temperatures are too high in odor water due to decreased O2 levels [17]. Table 3 shows the results of the temperature test.
Based on the research that has been done, the results show that the mineral water sample has a temperature of 29.0 o C. The well water tested contained a sample of well water with the lowest temperature, namely sample 5 (Jalan Mastrip No. 69), with a temperature of 28.3 o C, and a sample of well water with the highest temperature, namely sample 6 (Jalan Nias 1 No. 6A) with a temperature of 29 .5 o C. This research was carried out at an air temperature of 29.6 o C. Thus, the lowest and highest well water temperature is still within the allowable interval of ± 3 o C from the air temperature. Therefore, based on RI Minister of Health Regulation (Permenkes) No. 32 of 2017, seven well water samples tested in this study were declared to meet the water temperature requirements for consumption. ppm. If dissolved solids are in the water with a TDS value of more than 500 ppm, then the water is unfit for consumption [18]. The TDS value can affect the taste of the water that will be consumed. TDS values that are too high or exceed 500 ppm can change the taste of water. In addition, the large number of dissolved solids in water can also cause water to become toxic and unfit for consumption [19]. Table  4 shows the results of the TDS test.

. Test Temperature and TDS
Based on the research that has been done, the results show that the mineral water sample has a TDS value of 127 ppm. Furthermore, of the seven well water samples tested, there was a well water sample with the lowest TDS value, namely sample 4 (Jalan Kalimantan 1 No. 88) with a TDS value of 150 ppm, as well as a well water sample with the highest TDS value, namely, sample 6 (Jalan Nias 1 No. .6A) with a TDS value of 306 ppm. From these data, it can be seen that of the seven well water samples tested, the TDS value is still within the permissible interval, which is less than 500 ppm. Therefore, based on RI Minister of Health Regulation (Permenkes) No. 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010, seven samples of well water tested in this study were declared to fulfill the requirements for the TDS value of water suitable for consumption.

pH
The pH test or acidity level of well water uses a pH meter. The pH test determines the degree of acid or base in well water. Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Health (Permenkes) RI No. 416/MENKES/IX/1990, regarding the quality standard for pH degrees in water suitable for consumption, it is stated that water suitable for consumption has a pH degree requirement of between 6.5 to 9. Water with an acidity degree below 6, 5, or above 9 indicates that the water is unfit for consumption. Consuming water that is not in accordance with the appropriate pH degree can decrease health due to the presence of toxic chemicals in the human body [20]. Table 5 shows the results of the pH test.  [21]. Table 6 shows the results of the biological test.

Results of Questionnaire Distribution of Using Well Water for Consumption
The results of distributing questionnaires showed that 68.8% of boarding houses used well water for cooking, and 18.8% of boarding houses used well water for drinking. These results indicate that many boarding houses in Jember Regency still use well water as drinking water, especially for cooking activities.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results, it can be concluded that in the physics test there is well water that is suitable for consumption, namely well water in sample 2 (Jalan Sumatera No. 9), sample 3 (Jalan Jawa 6) No. 4C), sample 5 (Jalan Mastrip No. 69), and sample 7 (Jalan Nias 01). Based on physical tests, there is also well water that is not suitable for use as consumption water, namely well water in sample 4 (Jalan Kalimantan 1 No. 88), sample 6 (Jalan Nias 1 No. 6A), and sample 8 (Jalan Kalimantan 1). Furthermore, based on chemical tests with pH indicators, it was concluded that there was one water sample that was not suitable for consumption, namely sample 4 (Jalan Kalimantan 1 No. 88), while the other six samples were declared to have fulfilled the pH test. Then, in the biological test, there was well water suitable for consumption, namely well water in sample 3 (Jalan Jawa 6 No. 4C) and sample 5 (Jalan Mastrip No. 69). In addition, there was also well water that was unfit for consumption based on biological tests, namely well water in sample 2 (Jalan Sumatra No. 9), sample 4 (Jalan Kalimantan 1 No. 88), sample 6 (Jalan Nias 1 No. 6A), sample 7 (Jalan Nias 01), and sample 8 (Jalan Kalimantan 1).