Jurnal Pijar MIPA (e-ISSN: 2460-1500 & p-ISSN: 1907-1744) is an open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. The journal publishes original research articles and reviews encompassing various topics in natural sciences and science education, particularly in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. All submitted manuscripts undergo an initial editorial review followed by a rigorous peer-review process. Jurnal Pijar MIPA was first published in 2006, initially releasing two issues per year (March and September) until 2018. In 2019, publication frequency increased to three issues per year. This was expanded further to four issues annually in 2021. Beginning in 2022, Jurnal Pijar MIPA transitioned to a bimonthly publication schedule, with issues released in January, March, May, July, September, and November.
Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat
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Inhibition Zone of Soapnuts Extract (Sapindus rarak) Agains Candida Albicans
Candida albicans infection is a common health problem in Indonesia and other tropical countries. Synthetic antifungals have been shown to develop resistance against Candida albicans. Therefore, it is necessary to explore potential natural ingredients as alternatives to synthetic antifungals. Soapnut fruit contains secondary metabolites that can inhibit or kill Candida albicans. The purpose of this study was to test the antifungal activity of Soapnuts fruit by examining the inhibition zone. The inhibition zone was tested using the well diffusion method. In this study, Soapnuts extract was used with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The results showed a probability value (p) of 0.008 < 0.05, indicating a significant difference between each concentration of soapnut extract and the inhibition zone diameter of Candida albicans. The best results were shown by the 100% concentration, which produced an average inhibition zone of 27.50 mm, categorized as very strong inhibition. Soapnut fruit extract exhibits a potent inhibitory effect against Candida albicans. This study can serve as a reference in the development of antifungal agents from Soapnuts fruit extract.
Copyright (c) 2025 Salsabila Yunita Kurniawan, Novitarini Novitarini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Tanaka and Cycling Test of Water Pumpkin Fruit Extract (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.) as Natural Hair Tonic Spray
Hair loss and slow hair growth remain common cosmetic concerns, while prolonged use of synthetic hair growth agents may pose safety and sustainability issues. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and stability of a natural hair tonic spray formulated from water pumpkin (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.) fruit extract. The extract was prepared using ethanol maceration and incorporated into three formulations with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Effectiveness was assessed through a Tanaka hair growth test on rabbits for 21 days, while stability was evaluated through a 28-day cycling test, involving alternating temperature cycles (2–8°C, 25°C, and 40°C). The results indicated that all formulations exhibited stable organoleptic characteristics, pH, and homogeneity throughout storage. The F3 formula (15%) demonstrated the highest hair growth activity (2.4 cm average length), comparable to the positive control (2.7 cm). The enhanced hair growth effect is attributed to flavonoids and saponins that improve microcirculation around follicles and stimulate keratinocyte proliferation. This research highlights the potential of water pumpkin fruit extract as a sustainable and cost-effective natural alternative to synthetic hair growth agents. Future studies should explore optimization of formulation stability and molecular mechanisms underlying follicular activation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Winarni Sofya, Lalu Busyairi Muhsin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors Associated with FMT Failure in Clostridioides difficile Infection and Age-Related Considerations: A Review
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of nosocomial diarrhea worldwide, and limitations of standard antibiotic therapy have driven the adoption of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as an alternative therapeutic approach. Although FMT achieves clinical success in most patients, treatment failure still occurs in a considerable proportion of cases. Existing literature has examined overall FMT efficacy, yet no review has comprehensively synthesized the multifactorial determinants of FMT failure while incorporating age-related considerations. This narrative review provides an integrative overview of factors contributing to FMT failure in adults with CDI. A literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar identified original research articles published between 2015 and 2025. Evidence indicates that FMT failure is influenced by host-related factors such as comorbidities, immune function, and nutritional status; disease-related characteristics, including CDI severity and recurrence history; technical aspects, such as bowel preparation, donor type, and route of administration; and pharmacological factors, including antibiotic exposure before or after the procedure. These factors collectively affect donor microbiota engraftment and increase the risk of therapeutic failure. Age-related physiological and microbiome changes may additionally modify treatment responses. This review highlights the need for comprehensive patient assessment, standardized procedural protocols, and careful post-FMT monitoring. Addressing current evidence gaps and improving clinical guidance will be essential for optimizing the safety and effectiveness of FMT across different adult age groups.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khaeru Irgi, Ahsanal Kasasiah, Agustina Rusmayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Heavy Metal Content of Cadmium in Tilapia from Taliwang Swamp Lake, West Sumbawa Regency
Research on the heavy metal Cd in fish is crucial to protect humans as consumers from harmful health impacts. This study aimed to determine the cadmium (Cd) content in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) from Taliwang Swamp Lake (TSL). The specific benefit of this study is to protect consumers who consume fish from Cd contamination. This study was conducted in TSL waters. There are two research stations, one located in the eastern part and the other in the western part of the lake. Data collection was carried out using gill nets. Four tilapia samples were taken at each station. The tilapia samples were then wrapped in plastic bags and stored in sample boxes. The research samples were then analyzed at the West Nusa Tenggara Health, Testing and Calibration Laboratory Center. Data analysis was carried out by taking tilapia muscle tissue and analyzing metal content, especially Cadmium (Cd), using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Measurement of heavy metals in tilapia tissue was carried out by adding concentrated HNO3 and HClO4, heated at 60-70ºC for 2-3 hours until the solution became clear. The samples were ready to be measured by AAS using an air-acetylene flame. The conclusion of this study was that the heavy metal content of Cd in tilapia (O. mossambicus) originating from TSL was 0.03 mg/kg (ppm).
Copyright (c) 2025 Khairuddin Khairuddin, M. Yamin, Kusmiyati Kusmiyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Identification of Escherichia coli in Well Water in Gelogor Utara Hamlet, Kediri District, West Lombok Regency
Water is a very important need for human life. Wells are one of the primary means of obtaining clean water. Along with the rapid growth of settlements, water quality has decreased due to pollution. The presence of E. coli bacteria in well water indicates human and animal fecal contamination. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of E. coli in well water in Gelogor Utara Hamlet, Kediri District, West Lombok Regency. This type of research is quantitative and descriptive, involving laboratory testing. The test method used to determine the number of E. coli in the sample is the Most Probable Number (MPN) Method listed in SNI 01-2332.1-2006. The results of E. coli testing in the well were all positive samples with E. coli content >24.000 CFU/100mL and in sample 2, namely 2.400 CFU/100mL, based on Permenkes Nomor 2 Tahun 2023, namely 0 CFU/100mL, so that the drilled well water in Gelogor Utara Hamlet does not meet the requirements of the Environmental Health Quality Standards for water for Hygiene and Sanitation purposes. Based on these results, the researcher provides advice to society on maintaining the septic tank to prevent seepage in the well, disinfecting it by adding chlorine, and boiling the water before consumption. The expected impact of this research on the community is to provide information to the community regarding the E. coli content in the well water they use and to raise public awareness about the importance of managing well water used for daily needs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Enida Fatmalia, Wahyudin Wahyudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Balinese Local Plants in Regulating Body Weight: A Review
Obesity and overweight have become major global health concerns. In Indonesia, one in five school-aged children is overweight or obese, with increasing rates observed in Bali. Dietary imbalance, sedentary lifestyles, and metabolic dysregulation contribute to abnormal body weight gain. In light of the limitations of synthetic drugs, plant-derived bioactive compounds have attracted attention as safer and multi-target alternatives for regulating body weight. This review aims to synthesise current scientific evidence on the potential of Balinese local plants in regulating body weight, identify their bioactive compounds and underlying mechanisms, and highlight research gaps to guide future nutraceutical development. This systematic review, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, examined literature published between 2020 and 2025 retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The keywords Balinese plants, body weight, obesity, anti-obesity, plant extract, and bioactive compounds, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The identified Balinese local plants, including Clitoria ternatea, Zingiber cassumunar, Phyllanthus acidus, Murraya paniculata, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Elaeocarpus grandiflorus, Tagetes erecta, and Lagerstroemia speciosa, demonstrated significant potential in regulating body weight. Their mechanisms included AMPK activation, inhibition of pancreatic lipase, suppression of adipogenesis, induction of thermogenesis, and modulation of antioxidants. Balinese local plants exhibit multi-pathway potential in regulating body weight through metabolic and physiological modulation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ida Ayu Manik Damayanti, Sri Dewi Megayanti, Nadya Treesna Wulansari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Family Support on the Level of Adherence to Medication Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at the Tenggarong District Health Center
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the success of its treatment largely depends on patient adherence to medication. Since non-adherence is still common, this study aims to analyze the influence of family support on medication adherence among pulmonary TB patients at the Tenggarong District Health Center, Indonesia. The research employed a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design and a prospective approach, involving 60 patients with pulmonary TB selected through convenience sampling. The research instruments included a demographic questionnaire, a family support questionnaire, and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8) to assess patient adherence levels. The results showed that most respondents received good family support (95%) and had a high level of adherence (86.67%). The chi-square test indicated a significant relationship between family support and medication adherence (p = 0.000), while multivariate analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) also confirmed a positive correlation between the two variables.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diana Kurnia Apriani, Agustiqori Al-Mubarak, M. Yudha Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Ammonia (NH₃) Levels in Dug Well Water in Apit Aiq Hamlet, Batulayar Village, Batulayar Subdistrict, West Lombok Regency
Dug well water is a common source of water used by rural communities. However, water pollution can pose risks to both health and the environment, such as contamination by ammonia. The sources of ammonia pollution generally originate from agricultural waste, livestock waste, and domestic household waste. The purpose of this study was to analyze the ammonia concentration and assess the feasibility of dug well water using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. The results of this study showed that Well 1 had an ammonia concentration of 0.045 mg/L in the first trial and 0.047 mg/L in the second trial; Well 2 had a consistent ammonia concentration of 0.224 mg/L in both trials; and Well 3 had an ammonia concentration of 0.192 mg/L in the first trial and 0.191 mg/L in the second trial. The findings indicate that Well 1 meets the Class I water quality standard of 0.01 mg/L, whereas Wells 2 and 3 do not meet this standard. However, Well 2 still meets the Class III water quality standard of 0.3 mg/L, and Well 3 meets the Class II standard of 0.2 mg/L, based on Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. Therefore, only Well 1 is suitable for consumption, while Wells 2 and 3 are not suitable for drinking but may still be used for daily household needs. This condition is likely caused by livestock pens located approximately 11–23 meters from the wells, as well as the disposal of household and domestic waste near the dug wells, which may have seeped into the groundwater and contributed to elevated ammonia levels.
Copyright (c) 2025 Uswatun Hasanah, Dini Yuliansari, Nurhidayatullah Nurhidayatullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of a Chemistry Magazine with Content Interpreting GC-MS Spectrum of Renggak Fruit Peel Extract as a Supplementary Resource for Organic Chemistry Lectures
Mastering the interpretation of spectra, as Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) spectra, in organic chemistry lectures for the analysis of natural materials is an important skill that often poses a challenge for students. This is especially true for natural materials in the surrounding environment that may have future potential, such as renggak fruits. This study aims to determine the results of interpreting renggak fruit peel extracts for use as content in a chemistry magazine, the level of validity, and student responses to the chemistry magazine developed as an alternative supplementary reading material. Conducted within the Chemistry Education Study Program at Mataram University, this study utilized the Research and Development (R&D) methodology, following the 4D model framework. The interpretation of the GC-MS spectrum of renggak fruit peel was carried out by matching the spectrum data obtained with the library data. The validity of the magazine was assessed using Aiken's V formula, while the reliability of the assessment was calculated based on the Percentage of Agreement (R) between validators. Student responses to the magazine product were obtained through a practical test. The results of the GC-MS spectrum interpretation of the renggak fruit peel extract showed the presence of the compounds myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidinsaeure, heptadecene- (8)-carbonic acid-(1), 2-monoolein, 2-monopalmitin, ambretollide, 6-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-Cyclohexenyl)-4-Methyl-(E)-4-Hexen-1-ol, and cis-9-Octadecenal. The chemistry magazine product obtained an average Aiken's V validity score of 0.83, which falls into the “Highly Valid” category, with an average validator reliability score of 91%. The results of the chemistry magazine trial among 2021 Chemistry Education students obtained a practicality score of 92%, categorized as “Very Practical” as supplementary reading material. In the future, further exploration is needed regarding the content and design of the magazine to be created.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rahmawati Rahmawati, Syarifa Wahidah Al Idrus, Baiq Laili Nisfi Siami Masruri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship Between School Environment Factors and Students Biology Learning Outcomes
Education quality is fundamentally influenced by various factors, with the school environment playing a crucial role in shaping student learning outcomes. The school environment encompasses physical, social, and academic aspects that collectively affect students' comfort and motivation to learn. This study aims to determine the relationship between school environmental factors and biology learning outcomes of grade VII MTsN 3 Mataram students. The school environment encompasses physical, social, and academic aspects that collectively impact students' comfort and motivation to learn. This study employs a correlational, quantitative, descriptive method. The population consisted of all students of grade VII, with samples taken from grades VII-4 and VII-5 using purposive sampling techniques. Data collection techniques include questionnaires and documentation of student learning outcomes. The questionnaire instrument was validated using Aiken's V formula and tested for reliability with Cronbach's alpha, both of which yielded valid and reliable results. The normality test indicates that the data are normally distributed, and the linearity test reveals a linear relationship between the variables. Correlation analysis yielded a coefficient of r = 0.608, indicating a strong and significant relationship at a 5% significance level (r calculated exceeds the r table value). Thus, it is concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between school environmental factors and students' biology learning outcomes. These findings can serve as input for teachers and schools in creating a supportive learning environment to enhance the educational process.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elga Amelinda Nathania, Mahrus Mahrus, I Wayan Merta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Belanger Tradition of the Sasak People: An Ethnoscientific Study of Cultural, Chemical, and Ecological Dimensions
The Belanger tradition is an indigenous Sasak hair-cleansing practice that integrates cultural values, ethnochemical knowledge, and environmental sustainability. This study investigates the Belanger tradition, a Sasak hair-cleansing ritual utilizing natural ingredients such as coconut milk, hibiscus leaves, and kaffir lime. Employing a qualitative ethnochemical approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation at three sites in Lombok. The findings reveal that Belanger transcends mere physical hair treatment; it embodies a holistic practice of physical and spiritual purification, reinforced by its socio-cultural role in strengthening community bonds and intergenerational knowledge transmission. Scientific analysis demonstrates that the selected ingredients possess bioactive properties with clear ethnochemical rationales. Coconut milk, rich in lauric acid, provides conditioning and antimicrobial benefits. Kaffir lime offers essential oils and flavonoids with antifungal and antioxidant activities, while hibiscus leaves contribute natural saponins for gentle cleansing. The traditional practice of roasting coconut further enhances its adsorptive capacity through mild pyrolysis. Environmentally, the tradition exemplifies a sustainable model, as all materials are biodegradable and locally sourced, in contrast to the persistent chemical waste associated with synthetic shampoos. Thus, this research concludes that Belanger represents a significant convergence of indigenous wisdom and empirical science. It serves not only as a cultural heritage but also as a viable case study for sustainable cosmetic practices and context-based science education, highlighting the relevance of local knowledge in contemporary discourses on health, ecology, and cultural preservation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syarifah Wahidah Al Idrus, Rahmawati Rahmawati, Nurhidayatullah Nurhidayatullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Relationship between Learning Motivation and Students Cognitive Involvement in Problem-Based Learning through Lesson Study on the Material of Speed and Average Rate
Education in the 21st century emphasizes active student engagement, where intrinsic motivation is expected to emerge as observable cognitive participation, particularly through verbal discussions. However, although Lesson Study (LS) and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) are widely reported to strengthen intrinsic motivation, high motivation does not always translate into high verbal cognitive engagement, indicating a potential mismatch influenced by non-cognitive factors. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Lesson Study (LS) and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in fostering students' intrinsic motivation and identify non-cognitive factors that influence the mismatch between motivation and verbal cognitive engagement. This descriptive study used mixed methods, involving 25 students of the Physics Education Study Program. Data were collected through motivation questionnaires (quantitative) and transcripts of group discussion recordings (qualitative) during the implementation of Lesson Study and PBL and processed using descriptive statistics. The quantitative results showed that students' learning motivation was in the high category across all indicators, including persistence, interest, achievement, and independence. However, the qualitative results of the transcripts of verbal cognitive engagement revealed significant variation, where some students exhibited low verbal activity despite having high motivation levels. This inconsistency suggests that high intrinsic motivation has not yet fully translated into active cognitive engagement due to the intervention of affective, social, and situational factors. Thus, Lesson Study and PBL have proven effective in fostering intrinsic motivation, but strengthening collaborative strategies is necessary to ensure optimal cognitive engagement for each individual.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rindy Puspita Anggrini, Lusia Andini, Gita Salsabilla Nurma Yahya, Neneng Lestari, Nova Susanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Deep Learning Approach and Mechanics KIT on the Shift in Conceptions of Junior High School Students on the Material of Vibrations and Waves
Misconceptions in vibration and wave topics remain a common problem in junior high school science learning, particularly due to the abstract nature of the concepts and their limited direct observability. This study aimed to analyze students' conceptual shifts on vibration and wave concepts through the implementation of a Deep Learning approach supported by a Mechanical KIT. The study employed a one-group pretest–posttest experimental design involving three classes, comprising one experimental class and two replication classes, with a total of 69 eighth-grade students serving as research participants. A three-tier diagnostic test consisting of ten multiple-choice items was used to identify students' conceptual categories, including guessing, lack of conceptual understanding, misconception, and sound conceptual understanding. The data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS to examine the direction and quality of students' conceptual shifts before and after the intervention. The results indicated that the Deep Learning approach, assisted by the Mechanical KIT, effectively facilitated positive conceptual shifts, as evidenced by a dominant transition from misconceptions, a lack of understanding, and guessing toward sound conceptual understanding across all classes. The most substantial conceptual improvements were observed in indicators related to the relationships among frequency, period, and amplitude, while relatively lower shifts occurred in concepts requiring higher levels of mathematical reasoning. These findings suggest that integrating a Deep Learning approach with concrete instructional media, such as a Mechanical KIT, is effective in promoting meaningful conceptual reconstruction and reducing misconceptions in vibration and wave learning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sukmawati Sukmawati, Asri Arbie, Tirtawaty Abdjul https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application of the Cooperative Learning Model Using the Gallery Walk Method to Improve Cognitive Learning Outcomes on the Solar System Topic
Natural Science is an important subject that connects scientific concepts with real-life contexts. However, students’ cognitive learning outcomes at SMPN 45 Pekanbaru remain relatively low due to the application of teaching methods that are not yet optimal and unengaging learning media, particularly in the Solar System topic, which is inherently abstract. This study aims to describe students’ cognitive learning outcomes and to determine the improvement in learning outcomes after the application of a cooperative learning model using the Gallery Walk strategy. This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a posttest-only control group design. The population consisted of all seventh-grade students of SMPN 45 Pekanbaru, comprising four classes with a total of 160 students. The sample was selected using simple random sampling, resulting in two homogeneous classes totalling 80 students. The instrument used was a written cognitive learning test consisting of 20 multiple-choice questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. The results showed that the experimental group recorded a mean score of 81, which fell into the good category, whereas the control group showed a comparatively lower average score. Inferential analysis using the Mann–Whitney test indicated a statistically meaningful difference in students’ cognitive learning outcomes between the experimental and control classes (Asymp. Sig. = 0.001 < 0.05). Therefore, the application of the Gallery Walk method has proven to be effective and feasible for improving the cognitive learning outcomes of seventh-grade students on the Solar System topic at SMPN 45 Pekanbaru. These findings suggest that the Gallery Walk method can serve as an alternative instructional strategy for science teachers to enhance students’ cognitive learning outcomes, particularly on abstract topics such as the Solar System.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anisa Nadila, M. Rahmad, Zuhdi Ma’ruf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Augmented Reality-Based Smart Digital Interactive Media to Enhance High School Students Socio-Scientific Reasoning in Chemistry
The persistent difficulty in connecting abstract chemistry concepts with real-world socio-scientific issues highlights the need for well-designed digital learning innovations. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an Augmented Reality–based Smart Digital Interactive Learning Media (Smart-DIL) to support senior high school students’ socio-scientific reasoning and 21st-century skills. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach, utilising the ADDIE model, which encompasses the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The evaluation stage involved a limited product try-out in authentic classroom settings to examine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the developed media. Data were collected from 72 eleventh-grade science students using the Socio-Scientific Reasoning Test (SSRT), the 21st Century Skills Scale (21CSS), classroom observations, interviews, and analysis of digital learning artifacts. Expert judgment and user response questionnaires were used to assess product feasibility and usability. The results indicate that Smart-Dil demonstrates high validity and practicality, as reflected in expert validation scores and positive responses from teachers and students. Evaluation evidence further shows that the implementation of Smart-Dil is associated with meaningful improvements in students’ socio-scientific reasoning, particularly in analyzing scientific evidence and constructing evidence-based arguments. In addition, positive developments were observed across all dimensions of 21st-century skills, including critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication. These findings support the integration of Augmented Reality technology within a socio-scientific pedagogical framework, as conceptualized in the proposed TPACK–SSI model. The study concludes that Smart-Dil represents a feasible, practical, and effective learning media product that can help bridge abstract chemistry concepts with authentic societal contexts. The results provide important implications for the development of future digital learning media grounded in Research and Development approaches.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kartyka Nababan, Dina Mariana Siregar, Victor Tarigan, Leony Sanga Lamsari Purba, Renta Renta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Chem Piano Game to Increase Students Motivation and Retention of Learning Outcomes on the Periodic Table of Elements Material
The abstract nature of the Periodic Table of Elements necessitates interactive learning media to improve students’ motivation and learning outcomes. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Chem Piano game as a learning medium in enhancing students’ learning motivation, learning outcomes, and retention of learning outcomes related to the Periodic Table of Elements material. The research design employed was a pre-experimental approach using a One-Group pretest-posttest design. Data on students’ learning motivation were analyzed using a Likert scale consisting of positive and negative statements. Chem Piano was categorized as meeting the criteria for good learning motivation if it achieved a score of ≥ 69%. The learning outcome test data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to examine the mean and percentage of achievement, and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to determine the significance of the increase in learning outcomes. The results showed an increase in learning motivation, with a shift in category from low to very high. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test for student learning outcomes yielded a significance value of 0.00 (< 0.05), indicating a statistically significant improvement between the pretest and posttest scores. Furthermore, the retention analysis yielded a very high retention value of 92.3%, indicating that students’ learning retention was stable. Based on the analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that the Chem Piano game is an effective learning medium for enhancing students’ motivation and learning outcomes in chemistry, particularly in relation to the Periodic Table of Elements. Therefore, it is recommended that this medium be used as an alternative instructional tool to enhance students’ motivation and learning outcomes, and that its implementation be further explored with a larger number of students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elok Najwa Salfiah, Achmad Lutfi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Using Canva-Based Video Learning Media on Learning Outcomes in Work and Simple Machines Material
The demands of 21st-century learning require the integration of digital and interactive media, as conventional science instruction often fails to optimally engage students and improve learning outcomes. The study aims to investigate the impact of using Canva-based video learning media on students' learning outcomes in the topic "Work and Simple Machines" within the science subject. The use of Canva as a learning tool constitutes a 21st-century educational medium that can provide a more efficient learning experience. It is a learning resource that can be edited and customized according to specific needs. This research is based on the fact that the learning process in schools is still dominated by conventional methods such as lectures and discussions, which results in low student activity and learning motivation. The research design is a one-group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique used in this study is Cluster Random Sampling. The population of this study consists of students from SMP Negeri 1 Marisa, with the sample tested being class VIII A (n = 30), designated as the experimental class. Meanwhile, the research data were collected using test instruments to determine the level of students' learning achievement. The tests used in this study include prerequisite tests (normality test), hypothesis testing, and n-gain analysis. The results of the hypothesis test indicate that the t-value in all sample classes is greater than the t-table value; thus, H₁ is accepted. Based on the n-gain analysis, a value of 0.68 was obtained in the experimental class, which falls into the high category. The statistical test used in the normality test is the Lilliefors test with a significance level set at 5% (α = 0.05). Therefore, the use of Canva-based video learning media has a significant effect on students' learning outcomes in the material on work and simple machines.
Copyright (c) 2025 Patricia Sasmita Kadir, Supartin Supartin, Abdul Haris Odja, Trisnawaty Junus Buhungo, Lukman Samatowa, Raghel Yunginger https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Biological Quality of Clean Water in the Taha Quran Education Park
Clean water is a source of basic needs for all forms of life. Water quality must be ensured before use, and water sources must be monitored regularly. The use of unclean water is one of the causes of skin diseases. Various age groups can be affected by skin diseases, especially the age group of children, who are still vulnerable. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of clean water in the Taha Qur'an Education Park, which was reviewed biologically. This type of research is Descriptive Qualitative. The population in this study were all the water taps in the Taha Qur'an Education Park. The selection of all samples as a population was due to the fact that there were only two water taps at the Taha Quranic Education Park. Based on the results of biological quality tests, including Coliform tests and Escherichia Coli tests obtained in water, it is known that the results of the coliform test obtained in sample A were 10 MPN / 100ml and in sample B 168MPN / 100 ml, and the results of Escherichia Coli in sample A were 15,000 MPN / 100ml and in Sample B 5,000 MPN / 100ml. The water used by the students is still considered unfit for consumption due to the presence of coliform and Escherichia coli bacteria, which can cause disease in humans. Treatment is needed to reduce the bacterial content in the sanitation facilities at the Taha Quranic Education Park.
Copyright (c) 2025 Taufik Abdullah, Azwaruddin Azwaruddin, Sri Wahyuningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Water Quality of Padolo River, Bima District
A river is a body of water characterized by a current flowing from upstream to downstream to the estuary. River water quality is influenced by both natural and human factors, as rivers serve as a venue for various activities. The purpose of this research is to assess the water quality of the Padolo River, as measured by chemical parameters. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. the chemical parameters tested in this study were pH, BOD, COD and DO. pH testing on water samples was conducted using the pH meter method, while BOD, COD, and DO testing were performed using the Winkler method. The research results indicate that the pH levels in the upstream, middle, and downstream sections are the same, specifically 6.9. The BOD value in the upstream section is 10.8 mg / L, the middle section 9.5 mg / L and in the downstream section 18 mg / L, while the COD value in the upstream section is 28 mg / L, the middle section 24 mg / L and in the downstream section 32 mg / L and the DO value in the upstream section is 5.8 mg / L, the middle section 6.8 mg / L and in the downstream section 7.9 mg / L.. Based on the measurement results and government regulation no. 22 of 2021 concerning river water parameter standards, it is stated that the BOD and DO values ​​do not meet the specified quality standards. It is hoped that the local government will conduct routine water quality measurements in the Padolo River, considering that the water is used by residents for bathing, washing, and toilet purposes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tina Melinda, Muhamad Majdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Basic Formulation of Instant Balinese Porridge Using a Gradual Dehydration Method: A Functional Food Approach Based on Balinese Local Wisdom
The increasing demand for convenient foods has encouraged the development of instant products that not only offer practicality but also provide functional health benefits. Balinese porridge, traditionally prepared from red rice, coconut, and indigenous Balinese spices, represents a culturally valuable food with considerable nutritional potential. However, its conventional form is limited by a short shelf life and low practicality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of drying temperature and drying duration on the physical, nutritional, sensory, and functional properties of instant Balinese porridge produced using a gradual dehydration method. A completely randomized factorial design was applied with two factors, namely drying temperature (50, 60, and 70 °C) and drying time (4, 6, and 8 h), resulting in nine treatment combinations with three replications. Gradual dehydration was conducted through initial oven drying followed by food dehydrator processing. The observed parameters included moisture content, rehydration time, proximate composition, sensory acceptance, and antioxidant activity expressed as IC50 values. The results demonstrated that drying at 60 °C for 6 h produced the lowest moisture content (5.1%) and the fastest rehydration time (2.8 min). The nutritional composition was dominated by carbohydrates (approximately 77%) and protein (7.6–8.3%), with a significant reduction in protein content observed at higher drying temperatures. Sensory evaluation indicated that the 60 °C–6 h treatment achieved the highest scores for color, aroma, taste, and overall acceptance. The highest antioxidant activity was also observed under this condition, with an IC50 value of 72.5 ppm. These findings confirm that gradual dehydration is an effective processing strategy for preserving the quality and functional properties of traditional Balinese porridge, highlighting its potential development as an instant functional food based on local wisdom.
Anak Agung Ngurah Dwi Ariesta Wijaya Putra
Copyright (c) 2025 I Gusti Agung Yogi Rabani RS, Anak Agung Ngurah Dwi Ariesta Wijaya Putra, I Nyoman Arya Maha Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Clean Water Processing through a Filtration System using a Multimedia Filter on River Water in Babak Village, West Lombok Regency
The quality of river water is influenced by natural factors and human factors. For humans, the river becomes a place to carry out various activities. The type of research used is an experiment and the object of the research is the water of the Babak River, West Lombok Regency which is processed using a filtration method with a simple filtration system from PVC pipes designed with a filter media arrangement, namely zeolite with a thickness of 5 cm, silica sand with a thickness of 15 cm, activated carbon with a thickness of 10 cm, filter foam with a thickness of 5 cm. This study aims to determine the effects of river water quality testing before and after filtration, as well as the effectiveness of the filter media in reducing pollutant levels. The parameters tested are pH, TSS, TDS, COD, BOD, DO, and Total Coliform. Testing was carried out at the Environmental Laboratory of the Mataram Environmental Engineering College. The test results showed that the water from the Babak River did not meet the standards for clean water. The laboratory tests revealed that the water content value exceeded the quality standards for Class III, as specified in Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, particularly for the BOD and DO parameters. Therefore, further testing was necessary. According to the filtering results, the effectiveness value of the filter media in the upstream part of the river was 35%, in the middle part was 40%, and in the downstream part was 33% for the BOD parameter. For the DO parameter, the effectiveness values of the filter media in the upstream, middle, and downstream parts of the river were 43%, 58%, and 64%, respectively. Filtration can be a medium to reduce BOD and DO levels, making it a renewable alternative that can be used for other water sources.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elsonpurnama Dhea Wunda, Tina Melinda, Hijriati Sholehah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of Physicochemical Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Single Black Garlic Extract Capsules: Initial Development of Herbal Preparations
Black garlic is a fermented product of fresh garlic that is rich in bioactive compounds such as S-allyl cysteine (SAC), polyphenols, and melanoidins, which play an important role as antioxidants and have the potential to be developed as supplements for preventing degenerative diseases. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical stability and antioxidant activity of black garlic extract capsules during three months of accelerated storage (40 ± 2 °C; RH 75 ± 5%). Black garlic extract was obtained through ethanol maceration, concentration, and freeze-drying, and then formulated into capsules with amylum manihot and starch mucilage as excipients. The analyzed parameters included organoleptic characteristics, weight uniformity, moisture content, pH, total phenolic content using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The results showed that capsule weight uniformity met pharmacopeia requirements throughout storage, while moisture content gradually increased, and pH showed a moderate decrease. Total phenolic content significantly decreased from 57.20 ± 0.92 to 43.40 ± 0.75 mg GAE/g by the third month. The antioxidant activity remained in the strong category, as indicated by an increase in IC50 values. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive evaluation of the stability of a single black garlic capsule product under accelerated conditions and its relationship to changes in bioactivity during storage. Overall, this study confirms that the single black garlic extract capsule product has good physicochemical stability and antioxidant activity, and has the potential to be developed as a herbal product with antioxidant capacity that is maintained and even increases during storage.
Copyright (c) 2025 I Gusti Bagus Teguh Ananta, I Gede Yudi Anggara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of the Ethnochemistry Magazine Using Traditional Gold Mining Culture and Gold Crafts
Research and development were conducted with the aim of describing the chemistry concepts contained in the traditional gold mining culture in Prabu village, Middle Lombok and gold crafts in Sekarbela, Mataram. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a survey approach, conducted in collaboration with 4D Research and Development. The data in this study were collected using the triangulation method, which included interviews, observations, and literature studies. The data analysis technique employed the Miles and Huberman method, which involved data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that in the traditional gold mining culture in Prabu Village, Middle Lombok, and the gold craft cultural activities in Sekarbela Mataram, there are chemical concepts, including elemental chemistry, reaction equations, oxidation-reduction reactions, the application of the solubility product of salts to separate chemical components from their mixtures, the concept of acids and bases, and the concept of colloids. Teaching materials in the form of ethnochemistry magazines from research and development have a feasibility category that is very feasible, based on the magazine's size, cover design, and content design, with an average V coefficient of 0.94. The feasibility of ethnochemistry magazines, based on the material component indicator, with sub-indicators of material suitability and stimulating curiosity, as well as the feasibility of presentation, with sub-indicators of presentation techniques and presentation support, and the linguistic component indicator, is classified as very feasible, with an average V coefficient of 0.93. In general, ethnochemistry magazines from research and development are classified as very feasible, with an average V coefficient of all aspects of 0.935.
Copyright (c) 2025 I Nyoman Loka, Jeckson Siahaan, Muntari Muntari, Baiq Fara Dwirani Sofia, Syarifa Wahidah Al Idrus, Baiq Royatul Aeni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Environmental Impact Assessment of Paving Block Production from Plastic Waste Using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Approach
The growing volume of non-commercial plastic waste poses significant environmental challenges while also presenting opportunities for alternative construction materials. This study aims to assess the environmental impacts of producing paving blocks from plastic waste using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. A cradle-to-gate system boundary was applied, encompassing five main production stages: sorting, shredding, melting, hydraulic molding, and cooling. Inventory data were collected from daily production activities, with plastic waste inputs ranging from 1.48 to 2.12 tons per day, and paving block outputs of approximately 0.0018 tons per day, along with electricity consumption between 200 and 250 kWh. The results indicate that the extrusion and molding stages contribute most significantly to environmental impacts due to high energy consumption and thermal emissions. Despite the relatively low product output, converting plastic waste into paving blocks contributes to landfill reduction and supports circular economy principles. The study recommends improving energy efficiency and integrating renewable energy sources to further reduce environmental impacts. Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential of plastic waste-based paving blocks as a sustainable innovation for infrastructure development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Harry Irawan Johari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Substitution of Wheat Flour with Moringa Leaf Flour in Making Brownies with High Iron Content
Brownies are a popular bakery product, but their nutritional profile is generally low, especially in iron content. This condition contrasts with the high prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in Indonesia. This study aims to investigate the effect of substituting wheat flour with moringa leaf flour (Moringa oleifera) as an alternative natural fortification to increase iron levels in brownies, while also determining the optimal formulation. The method used was an experiment with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), and data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's test. The results showed that the addition of moringa leaf flour had a significant effect on increasing iron levels, as well as affecting other chemical characteristics (water, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate content). The best formulation was the T5K5 treatment (75% substitution of moringa leaf flour), which produced the highest iron content of 1376.58 ppm, along with a measurable macro composition (water content: 12.26%, ash: 0.94%, protein: 7.39%, fat: 20.83%, carbohydrate: 57.16%). Fundamentally, these findings imply the success of natural food fortification using local raw materials. These results are relevant for the development of functional food products as an acceptable food-based nutritional intervention strategy in addressing anemia in adolescents, as well as providing an important contribution to health education and nutritional literacy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maria Saltiana Bebhe Nango, Anak Agung Ngurah Dwi Ariesta Wijaya Putra, Putu Rima Sintyadewi, I Gusti Agung Yogi Rabani RS, Ida Ayu Putu Ary Widnyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Project-Based Learning Student Activity Sheets to Improve Scientific Literacy Skills on Green Chemistry Materials
The demands of 21st-century science education emphasize the development of scientific literacy and sustainability awareness, necessitating the integration of Project-Based Learning and green chemistry–oriented learning materials. This research aims to develop Student Activity Sheets (SAS) based on Project-Based Learning (PBL) to enhance students’ scientific literacy skills related to green chemistry materials. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) limited to the develop stage. The research subjects were 32 grade XI students at MA Unggul Sabira-IIBS Mojokerto. The validity of SAS was assessed by two chemistry lecturers and one chemistry teacher, yielding a validity mode score of 5, indicating very valid criteria. The practicality of SAS was measured through student response questionnaires, obtaining 96.52% (very practical), learning implementation observation with mode 5 (very good), and student activity observation with mode 5 (very good). The effectiveness of SAS was measured through a pretest-posttest of scientific literacy skills with an average N-gain of 0.83 (high category). The results showed that 90% of students experienced significant improvement, with an N-gain of 0.7 or greater. The SAS developed contains three projects: eco-enzyme as organic fertilizer, cloth pads, and natural room fresheners from lime and coffee, all integrated with green chemistry principles and scientific literacy domains. Thus, the SAS based on PjBL is feasible (valid, practical, and effective) for improving students' scientific literacy skills in green chemistry materials.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rozanah Maimun, Mitarlis Mitarlis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Size Distribution of Mangrove Crabs (Scylla spp.) Caught By Fishermen in the Bagek Kembar Exclusive Ecosystem Area (KEE), Sekotong, West Lombok
Mangrove crab (Scylla spp.) is one of the fishery commodities of high economic value that depends on the existence of mangrove ecosystems. The Bagek Kembar Exclusive Ecosystem Area (KEE) in Sekotong, West Lombok, is one of the important habitats for mangrove crabs and serves as the primary location for fishing activities by local fishermen. This study aims to determine the distribution of mangrove crab size caught by fishermen based on morphometric parameters, which include carapace length, carapace width, abdomen width, propodus length, propodus width, merus length, dactylus length, and plepod diameter. This type of research uses a descriptive research design with a quantitative approach. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling, where mangrove crabs caught by fishermen at the research site were considered a representative sample of the population. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, which included calculating mean values, median, mode, and standard deviation, as well as analysing the frequency distribution of mangrove crab sizes. The determination of the number of classes and the interval of the frequency distribution class was carried out using Sturges' rule formula to describe the population structure of mangrove crabs. The study's results showed that most of the mangrove crabs caught were small to medium in size. The majority (65%) of crabs have a carapace length (PK) between 4–6 cm and are dominated by the juvenile or premature gonadal phase. The rarity of large individuals (>10 cm) suggests that crabs are significantly exploited before reaching their maximum adult size. This pattern also shows the role of KEE Bagek Kembar as a nursery ground dominated by juvenile individuals. Based on these findings, management efforts such as determining minimum catch sizes, protecting nursery habitats, increasing fishing gear selectivity, and long-term population monitoring are recommended to support the sustainability of mangrove crab stocks in this region.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lina Sapta Laraswati, Abdul Syukur, Karnan Karnan, H. Mahrus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reproductive Aspects of Scad Fish (Selar crumenophthalmus) Landed at the Fish Landing Base of PPI Tanjung Luar, East Lombok
Selar crumenophthalmus, known as the bigeye scad, is a commercially important small pelagic fish widely exploited in East Lombok waters. This study aims to examine the reproductive characteristics of the species, including gonadal maturity stages (GMS), gonadosomatic index (GSI), sex ratio, length–weight relationship, and length–fecundity relationship, based on samples collected at PPI Tanjung Luar from June to August 2025. This study employed a descriptive exploratory research design, with samples collected using quota sampling consisting of 90 individuals who landed at PPI Tanjung Luar from June to August 2025, and the data were analyzed descriptively. The species designated GMS I–V, with GMS II and III being the most dominant stages across months. The highest GSI values for both sexes occurred in June, indicating the peak spawning period, with female GSI reaching 2.34% and male GSI 0.80%. Monthly sex ratios shifted from 2.13:1 (June) to 0.64:1 (July) and 1:1 (August). The length–weight relationship showed positive allometric growth in males (b = 3.05) and negative allometric growth in females (b = 2.189). Fecundity ranged from 9,312–11,843 eggs in June and 8,495–15,006 eggs in July, with a strong positive correlation to body length in mature females. These findings indicate that reproduction peaks in June, providing essential information for the sustainable management of the species in Tanjung Luar.
Copyright (c) 2025 Suciq Aldauria, Karnan Karnan, M. Yamin, I Wayan Merta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Contribution of Tree Canopies to Microclimate in Urban and Karst Ecosystems in the Special Region of Yogyakarta
Canopy trees play an important role in regulating the microclimate in various ecosystems. This research aims to study the contribution of tree canopy to the microclimate in urban ecosystems and karst ecosystems in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Trees can affect the microclimate around them, in this case, the ambient temperature. Currently, development in Yogyakarta continues to expand, and green open spaces are being increasingly eroded. The reduction of forest cover and green open spaces in Yogyakarta impacts both the macro and micro environments in the region. Therefore, this study examines the contribution of trees to the ecosystem in terms of air temperature at heights of 1 meter and 10 meters above ground level, soil temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, light intensity, pH, and wind speed in urban and karst ecosystems. This research was conducted at the end of the dry season, in mid-September, from 11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. After the data was collected and tabulated into a collective table containing all the raw data, it was then calculated for its mean and standard deviation, and displayed in the form of a histogram. To determine the differences in parameters between each location, a Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was conducted. Based on the research conducted, both in urban and karst ecosystems, the air temperature 10 meters above the ground (the area around the tree canopy) was lower than the air temperature 1 meter above the ground. The difference in air temperature around the canopy and far from the tree canopy reached 4°C (℃ ) to 10°C (℃ ). Overall, the average air temperature in karst ecosystems was higher than in urban ecosystems. This is due to the differences in the shapes and structures of the tree canopies in the two ecosystems. Trees in urban ecosystems have more diverse shapes and are denser than trees in karst ecosystems. This study proves that trees contribute to the microclimate by lowering the temperature.
Copyright (c) 2025 Isoralla Isoralla, Tjut Djohan, Hazsriel Luthfi Dzaky https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Improvement of Resistant Starch Content in Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) Flour by Fermentation and Heat Moisture Treatment
Resistant starch is considered a valuable prebiotic source, and its content is associated not only with dietary fiber but also closely related to the amylose fraction of starch. Millet is a cereal grain rich in dietary fiber. Compared with staple cereals such as rice, wheat, and corn, millet contains higher levels of dietary fiber and antioxidants. The primary component of millet is starch, which accounts for approximately 70% of the grain, consisting of amylose and amylopectin. The research objective – to determine the best modification method to produce millet flour with the highest RS3 content. This study uses a completely randomized design with five treatment variations, repeated three times, applying different fermentation types followed by High Moisture Treatment (HMT). The analysis included the contents of starch, amylopectin, and resistant starch. The results show that significant differences in resistant starch levels were observed between treatments without HMT and those subjected to HMT. Fermentation followed by HMT effectively enhanced the resistant starch content of millet flour, highlighting the importance of combining biological and physical modifications. Among the treatments, fermentation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus SKG 34 followed by the HMT process was identified as the most effective approach, resulting in the highest resistant starch content of 3.85%. These findings demonstrate the potential of this combined modification strategy for improving the functional properties of millet flour.
Copyright (c) 2025 I Desak Putu Kartika Pratiwi, Komang Ayu Nociantri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0