Antifungal Activity of Methanol Extract of Mikania micrantha Kunth. Leaves Against Malassezia furfur
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11042Published:
2026-01-21Downloads
Abstract
West Kalimantan experiences a tropical climate characterized by elevated humidity, which creates an environment conducive to the proliferation of Pityriasis versicolor due to Malassezia furfur. Plants with medicinal properties that include alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins, and quinones, such as sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha Kunth.), represent promising sources of antifungal compounds. This research sought to assess the antifungal efficacy of the methanol extract from sembung rambat leaves against Malassezia furfur in a laboratory setting and to identify its minimum inhibitory concentration. The disc diffusion technique was employed with extract concentrations of 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35%. Ketoconazole at 2% acted as the positive control, while sterile distilled water was utilized as the negative control. The diameters of the inhibition zones were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test, accompanied by Duncan's multiple range test. The findings indicated that all concentrations of the extract successfully suppressed the growth of Malassezia furfur. The minimum inhibitory concentration was established at 20%, resulting in an inhibition zone measuring 0.48 cm in diameter after 48 hours of incubation. The methanol extract of sembung rambat leaves displayed a fungistatic action against Malassezia furfur in vitro.
Keywords:
Antifungal Malassezia furfur Mikania micrantha Kunth Pityriasis versicolorReferences
Aji, P., (2018). Penggunaan larutan standar McFarland dalam uji sensitivitas mikroba. Indonesian Journal of Microbiology, 12(2), 75–80. https://doi.org/10.22435/ijm.v12i2.2028
Anita, R., (2019). Optimasi kekeruhan suspensi jamur menggunakan standar McFarland 0,5. Journal of Tropical Microbiology and Biotechnologyl, 5(1), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.24843/jtmb.v5i1.2019.04
Billamboz, M., & Jawhara, S. (2023). Anti Malassezia drug candidates based on virulence factors of Malassezia associated diseases. Microorganisms, 11, 2599. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11102599
Chen, Z., W. Yang, & L. Zhou. (2024). In vitro and in vivo synergistic inhibition of Malassezia furfur by combined extracts of Rosa rugosa and Coptidis rhizoma. Frontiers in Microbiology, 15,1456240. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1456240
Diana, M. (2017). Aktivitas antifungi ekstrak umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) terhadap pertumbuhan Malassezia furfur secara in vitro. Journal of Tropical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 4(2), 102–109. https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v4i2.100
Dubale, S. (2023). Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial evaluation of medicinal plants methods and interpretation. Frontiers in Microbiology. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9922502/
Hidayati, N., S. Pratama, & A. Susilo. (2019). Environmental factors influencing Malassezia infection in tropical regions. Medical Mycology, 57, 721–730. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myy100
Hsieh, B. Y., W. H. Chao, Y. J. Xue, & J. M. Lai. (2018). A ketoconazole susceptibility test for Malassezia pachydermatis using modified Leeming–Notman agar. Journal of Fungi, 4, 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof4040126
Ishakul, M. J., Grace, E. R., Yami, A. L., & Zamfara, K. A. (2021). Isolation and antifungal effects of plant extracts on Malassezia spp. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 36(1), 36-43. https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i130331
Kaur, N., A. Bains, R. Kaushik, S.B. Dhull, F. Melinda, & P. Chawla. (2021). A review on antifungal efficiency of plant extracts entrenched polysaccharide-based nanohydrogels. Nutrients, 13, 2055. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13062055
Leong, C. (2017). Antifungal susceptibility testing of Malassezia spp. with an optimized colorimetric broth microdilution method. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5442545/
Leong, C., Chan, J. W. K., Lee, S. M., et al. (2021). Azole resistence mechanisms in pathogenic Malassezia furfur. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 65(5), e01975-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01975-20
Li, H., T. Yao, W. Chen, & C. Zhang. (2023). Mikania micrantha Kunth: An ethnopharmacological review. Chemistry & Biodiversity. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202300392
Li, Y., J. Sun, Y. Zhou, Z. Xu, & Y. Yang. (2013). Antimicrobial constituents of the leaves of Mikania micrantha. Molecules, 18, 10757–10769. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules180910757
Liu, Y.T., M.H. Lee, Y.S. Lin, & W.L. Lai. (2022). The inhibitory activity of citral against Malassezia furfur. Processes, 10, 802. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10050802
Melisa, P. (2015). Pengaruh lingkungan terhadap variasi kandungan metabolit sekunder pada tanaman obat tropis. Journal of Tropical Agricultural Research, 7(1), 55–61. https://doi.org/10.21776/jtar.v7i1.2015.07
Manurung, H., A. Yusro, & N. Fathurrahman. (2019). Pengaruh cekaman kekeringan terhadap pertumbuhan dan kadar flavonoid total tumbuhan tabat barito (Ficus deltoidea Jack). Journal Hortikultura Indonesia, 10(1), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.29244/jhi.10.1.55-62
Peano, A. (2017). Methodological issues in antifungal susceptibility testing of Malassezia species. Journal of Fungi. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof3030037
Pramadya, A.R. (2020). Pengaruh metode ekstraksi terhadap aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak tanaman obat. Indonesian Journal Pharmceutical Science Technology, 6(3), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v6i3.2020
Qonitah, F. (2020). Pengaruh ketiadaan senyawa steroid terhadap aktivitas antifungi ekstrak bunga sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.). Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 8(1), 22–30. https://doi.org/10.24843/jtb.v8i1.2020.22
Rahman, M.M., S. Parvin, & T. Ahmed. (2020). Phytochemical screening and antifungal potential of tropical medicinal plants. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 10, 122–128. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2020.101015
Raniyanti, D. (2015). Aktivitas antifungi ekstrak metanol daun sembung rambat (Mikania micrantha Kunth.) terhadap Candida albicans. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 7(3), 143–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phsr.2015.03.010
Rosalina, E. (2017). Uji aktivitas antibakteri flavonoid daun sembung rambat terhadap bakteri penyebab infeksi kulit. Journal Applied Chemical Science, 8(2), 91–97. https://doi.org/10.22437/jacs.v8i2.97
Septiana, E. (2015). Efek samping penggunaan obat antifungi sintetis pada manusia. Journal Tropical Health Science, 2(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.14203/jths.v2i1.2015
Silvia, M. (2015). Mekanisme kerja saponin sebagai antifungi terhadap Candida albicans. Journal Tropical Medicinal Plant, 16(1), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.24843/jtmp.v16i1.2015.45
Tarigan, H., & Graharti, R. (2022). Malassezia furfur on Pityriasis versicolor and Malassezia folliculitis. Medical Profession Journal of Lampung, 12(1), 31-35. https://doi.org/10.53089/medula.v12i1.444
Wang, K., Cheng, L., Li, H., et al. (2020). Susceptibilities of Malassezia strains to antifungal drugs. Heliyon, 6(6), e04203.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020,e04203
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmawati Rahmawati, Evi Nurmeiti, Diah Wulandari Rousdy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
