Phytochemical Screening of Acetone Extract of Rambai Leaves (Baccaurea motleyana) and Its Bioactivity as an Antibacterial Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
DOI:
10.29303/jpm.v19i4.6840Published:
2024-07-30Issue:
Vol. 19 No. 4 (2024): July 2024Keywords:
Aceton; Antibacterial; Phenolic; Phytochemical; RambaiArticles
Downloads
How to Cite
Downloads
Metrics
Abstract
Bacteria are one of the organisms that may cause disease in the human body. Some bacteria which often infect the human body are Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Both bacteria are pathogenic and possibly lead to various diseases such as diarrhea, urinary tract infections, and lung infections that have the potential to result in death. Treatment of infections caused by these bacteria can be done by giving antibiotics as therapy or a quick cure against infection. The use of antibiotics has side effects that result in resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to screen bioactive compounds with bioactivity as better antibacterial agents so that they can be developed into drugs that can cure diseases caused by bacteria. It is urgent to utilize natural antibacterials from plants to treat bacterial infections. This research aims to obtain the compound content, the total phenolic, and antibacterial activity of acetone extract of rambai leaves, so this research focused on rambai leaf acetone extract phytochemical content, total phenolic content, and antibacterial activity examination. Then, Phytochemical testing of rambai leaf acetone extract (Baccaurea motleyana) shows rambai leaves contain alkaloid compounds, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids that have the potential to be antibacterial. The examination of phenolic content was accomplished by using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The total phenolic test results obtained were 68.63 mg EAG/g. Antibacterial testing was performed by implementing the disk diffusion method. Antibacterial testing of rambai leaf acetone extract Concentration of 20 %, 40%,60%, and 80% showed consecutive results in inhibition zones of 3.86 mm, 6.48 mm, 6.55 mm, and 6.63 mm with weak to medium activity for E. coli bacteria. However, S. aureus bacteria showed consecutive results in inhibition zones of 6.02 mm, 10.15 mm, 17.10 mm, and 19.46 mm with medium to intense activity. There has not been much research on rambai from Bangka Belitung, so there is an indispensable for further research regarding the total flavonoid and total alkaloid content of rambai leaves. Research may also carried out using a variety of solvents.
References
Karmali M.A. (2004). Infection by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. JMol Biotechnol, 26, 117-122.
Azzahra, N., Hardiyanti, T., Purnama, Zulfiawan. (2022). Antibacterial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Rambai Leaves (Baccaurea dulkis Muell.Arg) Against Bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Journal of Applied Health, 9(2), 54-61.
Utami, E.R. (2011). Antibiotics, resistance, and the rationale of therapy. El-Hayah, 1(4), 191-198.
Roanisca, O. dan Mahardika, R. B. (2021). Phytochemical and Antibacterial Screening of Binjai Leaf Ethanol Extract (Mangiferacaesia) Against Bacteria Escherichia coli. Pharmascience Journal, 8(2), 9-16.
Nurmayani, S., Widodo, W. D., Matra, D. D. (2021). Characterization of Rambai (Baccaurea motleyana) genes thought to be involved in sugar metabolism. IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Sciences, 694.
Rachman, F. A., Saleh, C., Marliana, E. (2020). Antibacterial Test of Rambai Leaves (Baccaurea motleyana Mull Arg). Atomic Journal, 5(1), 11-17.
Hutasuhut, D. A., Aspriyanto, D., Firdaus, I. W. A. K. (2022). Qualitative and Quantitative Test of Rambai Fruit Skin Extract (Baccaurea motleyana) Concentration 100 %. Journal of Dentistry, 6(2), 97-102.
Roanisca, O. dan Mahardika, R. G. (2017). Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Acetone Extract of Iding-iding Shoots (Stenochlaena palustrisis). Proceedings of the Research & Community Service Seminar: Bangka Belitung University: Bangka.
Roanisca, O. (2018). Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Potential of Ethanol Extract of Iding-Iding Shoots (Stenochlaena palustris) Against Antibacterial Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Bacillus subtilis. Mulawarman Chemistry Journal, 15(2), 99-105.
Harborne, J. B. (1987). Fitokimia Method. 2nd Edition Padmawinata K, Soediro I, translation. Bandung: Bandung Institute of Technology. Translation from: Phytochemical Methods.
Hidayah, N., Nurbani, S. Z., Kusuma, J., Siregar, A. N. (2021). Identification of Phytochemical Compounds Extracts of Sea Waru (Thespesia populnea) from the Semarus Coast, Natuna Regency. Bluefin Fisheries Journal, 2(2), 8-19.
Khadijah, Jayali, A. M., Umar, S., Sasmita, I. (2017). Determination of Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity of Samama Leaf Ethanolic Extract ( Anthocephaalus macrophylus) Originally from Ternate, North Maluku. Mulawarman Chemical Journal, 15(1),11-18.
Ramadheni, P., Mukhtar, H., & Prahmono, P. (2017). Test of the Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Katuk Leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr) Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Using the Agar Diffusion Method. Indonesian Natural Research Pharmaceutical Journal,2(2), 34-45.
Dhuha, S. (2016). Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Seagrass Leaves (Syiringodium isoetifolium) Against Bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. UNSRAT Pharmaceutical Scientific Journal, 5(1), 2302-2493.
Ariyani, H., Nazemi, M., Hamidah, Kurniati, M. (2018). Antibacterial Test of Lime Peel Extract (Cytrus hystrix DC) Against Several Bacteria. Journal of Current Pharmacheutical Science, 2(1), 2590-2095.
Rastina, R., Sudarwanto, M., Wientarsih, I. (2015). Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kari (Murraya koenigii) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Pseudomonas Sp. Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan Indonesia, 9(2)
Mardiah, Z., Oktaviani, R., Kusbiantoro, B., & Handoko, D. (2016). Effect of Heating Process on Phenolic Compounds in Colored Rice. Proceedings of the Center for Rice Research. Bogor Agricultural Institute: Bogor.
Duma, Y., Dadomo, M., Di Lucca G., and Grolier, P. (2003). Effects of environmental factors and agricultural techniques on antioxidant content of tomatoes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 83(5), 369-382.
Heldt HW, Piechulla B. (2011). Plant Biochemistry 4th Edition. London (UK): Academic Press.
Rachman, F. A., Saleh, C., Marliana, E. (2020). Uji Antibakteri Daun Rambai (Baccaurea motleyana Mull Arg). Jurnal Atomik, 5(1), 11-17.
Azzahra, N., Hardiyanti, T., Purnama, Zulfiawan. (2022). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Rambai (Baccaurea dulkis Muell.Arg) Terhadap Bakteri (Staphylococcus aureus). Jurnal Kesehatan Terapan, 9(2), 54-61.
Liling, V. V., Lengkey, Y. K., Sambou, C.N., & Palandi, R. R. (2020). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Pepaya Carica papaya L.Terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Jerawat Propionibacterium acnes. Jurnal Biofarmasetikal Tropis, 3(1), 112-121.
Kurama, G. M., Maarisit, W., Karundeng, E., & Potalangi, N. O. (2020). UjiAktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Benalu Langsat (Dendroptheo sp)Terhadap Bakteri Klebsiella peumoniae. Jurnal Biofarmasetikal Tropis, 3(2), 27-33.
Harborne, J.B. (2006). Metode Fitokimia, Edisi ke-2. Bandung: ITB.
Author Biographies
Destalia Fransiska, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Engineering and Sains, State Bangka Belitung University
Occa Roanisca, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Engineering and Sains, State Bangka Belitung University
Nurhadini Nurhadini, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Engineering and Sains, State Bangka Belitung University
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Destalia Fransiska, Occa Roanisca, Nurhadini Nurhadini
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The following terms apply to authors who publish in this journal:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal first publication rights, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License (CC-BY License) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and first publication in this journal.
2. Authors may enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., posting it to an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), acknowledging its initial publication in this journal.
3. Before and during the submission process, authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website), as this can lead to productive exchanges as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).