Herbal Therapy Potential of Balinese Local Plants for Degenerative Diseases: A Review
DOI:
10.29303/jpm.v20i2.8728Published:
2025-03-30Issue:
Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025): March 2025Keywords:
Balinese Local Plants; Degenerative Disease; Herbal TherapyArticles
Downloads
How to Cite
Downloads
Metrics
Abstract
Indonesia has a rich biodiversity, including numerous medicinal plants. However, their utilisation remains limited, particularly in treating degenerative diseases. This study explores the potential of local Balinese plants as herbal therapy for diabetes mellitus and hypertension through a systematic literature review. Data were collected from scientific databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, covering publications from 2018 to 2025. Out of 117 identified articles with exclusion and the same article, 13 relevant studies were selected as primary references. The analysis indicates that plant extracts from Murraya paniculata, Vitis vinifera Var. Alphonso Lavallee, Syzygium polycephalum, Antidesma bunius, Aegle marmelos, Zingiber zerumbet, Elaeocarpus grandiflora, Artocarpus altilis, Impatiens balsamina, Tagetes erecta, Vitex trifolia, and Punica granatum show potential in managing degenerative diseases. Their bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and saponins, act by inhibiting key enzymes, enhancing insulin sensitivity, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating lipid metabolism. These findings suggest that Balinese local plants have promising potential as natural therapies for degenerative diseases, warranting further clinical validation.
References
Bali Goverment Regulation: Preservation Of Bali Local Plants As Taman Gumi Banten (Complementary To Prayers), Puspa Dewata (Means Of Upakara And Prayers), Usada (Traditional Health), And Reforestation,2020.
B. K. P. Kesehatan, "Survei Kesehatan Indonesia," Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/ski-2023-dalam-angka/
M. G. Mauldina, R. Sauriasari, and B. Elya, "α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity from Ethyl Acetate Extract of Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng Stem Bark Containing Triterpenoids," (in eng), Pharmacogn Mag, vol. 13, no. 52, pp. 590-594, Oct-Dec 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_25_17.
M. N. M. Muñoz, U. G. Alvarado, J. I. L. Reyes, and K. Watanabe, "Acute oral toxicity assessment of ethanolic extracts of Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng fruits in mice," (in eng), Toxicol Rep, vol. 8, pp. 1289-1299, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.06.010.
J. H. Kim et al., "Atypical formations of gintonin lysophosphatidic acids as new materials and their beneficial effects on degenerative diseases," (in eng), J Ginseng Res, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 1-11, Jan 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2023.02.004.
D. Prihatiningsih, I. G. P. A. F. Sutrisna, and I. K. P. Juliantara, "Efektifitas ekstrak kulit batang kemuning (murraya paniculate (l) jack) sebagai penurun low density lipoprotein darah tikus wistar yang mengalami hiperkolesterolemia: The effectiveness of the bark extract of kemuning as a lowering of low density lipoprotein (ldl) in wistar rats with hypercholesterolemia," Bali Medika Jurnal, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 175-184, 2022, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i2.309.
D. W. Suwandi, J. Bahari, and A. Subarnas, "Aktivitas Antiobesitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kemuning (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack) pada Tikus Betina Galur Wistar: Antiobesity Activity of Kemuning Leaf Ethanol Extract (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack) in Female Wistar Rats," Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 275-282, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v5i3.1727.
J. J. Chavan and A. Dey, "Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm.: biotechnological advancements and perspectives," Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 107, no. 18, pp. 5613-5625, 2023, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2022.104574.
B. R. A. Crieta, A. P. P. Tuaño, M. A. O. Torio, J. C. Villanueva, P. J. V. Gaban, and K. A. T. Castillo-Israel, "In vitro lipid-lowering properties of the fruits of two bignay [Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng] cultivars as affected by maturity stage and thermal processing," (in eng), Food Chem (Oxf), vol. 2, p. 100020, Jul 30 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100020.
R. B. Birudu, P. Pamulapati, and S. K. Manoharan, "Effects of Aegle marmelos (L.) Methanolic Leaf Extracts on Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic Rats," Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 209-215, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/jrptps.JRPTPS_12_20.
S. Ulandari, H. Hidayanty, N. Jafar, R. Indriasari, N. A. Daud, and S. Riskiyani, "The Effect of Breadfruit Leaf Extract (Artocarpus Altilis) on Fasting Blood Sugar Levels among Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type 2 Outpatient at Biru Public Health Center of Bone Regency, Indonesia," Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 559-565, 2023, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2637.
D. Juanda, W. Aligita, H. R. Elfahmi, and S. Musaad, "Antioxidant and alpha glucosidase inhibition activity of kupa (Syzygium polychepalum Miq.) cortex," International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research (EIJPPR), vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 33-38, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://eijppr.com/YIfijLo.
W. Nugrahaningsih, N. A. Habibah, and I. F. Ariyani, "Extract of cell culture Rejasa (Elaeocarpus grandiflorus) Decrease Blood Glucose Through Insulin Receptor Pathway," Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 422-427, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i3.40221.
P. T. Zabrina, L. Puspitasari, and I. A. M. Damayanti, "Efektivitas Ekstrak Buah Anggur Bali (Vitis vinifera L. Var. Alphonso Lavallee) Terhadap Histologi Sel Beta Pankreas Mus musculus L. DENGAN HIPERGLIKEMIA," Berita Biologi, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 335–343-335–343, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.55981/berita_biologi.2024.5508.
H. AGGUNNA, E. KILARI, V. RAJAN, P. ROUTHU, and K. KILLARI, "Anti-Hyperlipidemic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Impatiens balsamina Flowers against Dexamethasone-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Male Wistar Rats," Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 86, no. 4, 2024, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.1413.
W. Y. Kristanti, Budiyanto, M. Agus Krisno.,Permana, Fendy Hardian "Effect of Various Doses of Kenikir Flower Crown Extract (Targetes erecta L.) on Reducing Blood Glucose Levels in Rats," Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 95-105, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.47007/ijobb.v5i3.117.
T. A. Konika, M. R. Hasan, M. N. Hasan, and M. Shamsuzzaman, "Assessment of the Therapeutic Potential, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Analgesic Properties of Vitex trifolia," 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5996186/v1.
V. Manickam, U. K. Dhawan, D. Singh, M. Gupta, and M. Subramanian, "Pomegranate Peel Extract Decreases Plaque Necrosis and Advanced Atherosclerosis Progression in Apoe (-/-) Mice," (in eng), Front Pharmacol, vol. 13, p. 888300, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.888300.
P. Aksornchu et al., "Inhibitory Effect of Antidesma bunius Fruit Extract on Carbohydrate Digestive Enzymes Activity and Protein Glycation In Vitro," (in eng), Antioxidants (Basel), vol. 10, no. 1, Dec 30 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10010032.
W. Ahmad et al., "Aegle marmelos leaf extract phytochemical analysis, cytotoxicity, in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities," Plants, vol. 10, no. 12, p. 2573, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10122573.
F. Fitrya et al., "Safety evaluation of ethanol extract from Artocarpus altilis leaves as a herbal medicine candidate: Studies in acute and subchronic toxicity," Phytomedicine Plus, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 100696, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100696.
W. Nugrahaningsih, S. Ramasamy, V. A. Laraswati, A. Yuniastuti, and W. Christijanti, "The potency of Elaeocarpus grandiflorus Leaf Extract as Anti-obesity: in vivo and in silico Study," Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, vol. 16, no. 2, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i2.3695.
I. A. M. Damayanti, I. G. A. T. Wicaksana, and I. P. G. Sutrisna, "Hepatoprotective Effects of Balinese Grape Extract (Vitis vinifera L.) on Hepar Histology and Reducing Blood Sugar Levels," Jurnal Pijar Mipa, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 92-98, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v19i1.6198.
N. K. W. Astuti, N. M. Wartini, and I. M. S. Utama, "Karakteristik Ekstrak Pewarna Kulit Anggur Bali (Vitis vinifera L. var. Alphonso Lavallee) Pada Perlakuan Konsentrasi Dan Ph Pelarut Etanol," Media Ilmiah Teknologi Pangan (Scientific Journal of Food Technology), no. 2, pp. 75-90%V 9, 2023-08-05 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/MITP.2022.v09.i02.p75.
D. A. I. Pramitha, N. M. Suaniti, and J. Sibarani, "Aktivitas antioksidan bunga pacar air merah (Impatiens balsamina L.) dan bunga gemitir (tagates erecta L.) dari limbah canang," Chimica et Natura Acta, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 8-11, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.24198/cna.v6.n1.16447.
M. Abdiwijoyo, E. Yulianti, D. Limanan, and F. Ferdinal, "Phytochemical screening and total antioxidant capacity of marigold leaf extract (Tagetes Erecta L.)," in 1st Tarumanagara International Conference on Medicine and Health (TICMIH 2021), 2021: Atlantis Press, pp. 39-44, doi: https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.211130.008.
I. M. Merdana, I. L. Nandita, P. Elia, I. A. P. Apsari, I. W. Gorda, and L. M. Sudimartini, "Phytochemical Test and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extract of Marigold Flower," Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 101-107, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/atbes.2024.v08.i02.p08.
S. Núñez et al., "Antidiabetic and anti-obesity properties of a polyphenol-rich flower extract from Tagetes erecta L. and its effects on Caenorhabditis elegans fat storages," Journal of physiology and biochemistry, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 427-440, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-023-00953-5.
Y. Li, Q. Li, and G.-C. Fan, "Macrophage efferocytosis in cardiac pathophysiology and repair," Shock, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 177-188, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/shk.0000000000001625.
Author Biography
Ida Ayu Manik Damayanti, Bachelor of Clinic and Community Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Health, Institute of Technology and Health Bali
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ida Ayu Manik Damayanti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The following terms apply to authors who publish in this journal:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal first publication rights, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License (CC-BY License) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and first publication in this journal.
2. Authors may enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., posting it to an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), acknowledging its initial publication in this journal.
3. Before and during the submission process, authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website), as this can lead to productive exchanges as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
