Histological Alterations of the Duodenum Induced by Sleeping Pills
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10058Published:
2025-10-14Downloads
Abstract
In Indonesia, sleep disorders, including those triggered by fatigue, have a relatively high prevalence. Data indicate that about 10% of the population, or approximately 28 million people, experience insomnia, with findings from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) revealing that 33.3% suffer from mild insomnia, 11% from clinical insomnia, and 1% of respondents use sleeping pills. One type of sleeping pill classified as a narcotic and psychotropic substance is Diazepam (Psychotropic IV). This study aimed to investigate changes in the digestive system, particularly in the duodenum, as the organ responsible for absorbing various substances entering the body. The research used 12 rats divided into four groups: a control group (1% Polyethylene Glycol 1000) and three diazepam-treated groups (P1, P2, P3) with concentrations of 62.25, 83, and 124.5 mg/kg BW, respectively. Treatments were administered for 28 days. Afterward, the rats were euthanized, and the duodenum was necropsied. Specimens were prepared using the paraffin method and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Histological structures were examined microscopically and scored. Observed histological damage included glandular dilation, edema, pyknosis, congestion, epithelial erosion, and neutrophil infiltration. Diazepam acts by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter GABA in the central nervous system, producing sedative and muscle relaxant effects; however, this muscle relaxation can also affect smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing intestinal motility.
Keywords:
Dizaepam, duodenum, gastrointestinal, relaxtant.References
Eliza, N., & Amalia, N. (2022). Pengetahuan Insomnia pada Remaja Selama Covid 19, 3(2), 1941-1946, Borneo Student Research, SN: 2721-5725,
Chattu, V. K., Manzar, M. D., Kumary, S., Burman, D., Spence, D. W., & Pandi-Perumal, S. R. (2019). The global problem of insufficient sleep and its serious public health implications. In Healthcare (Switzerland), 7(1), MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7010001
Corrêa, C. de C., de Oliveira, F. K., Pizzamiglio, D. S., Ortolan, E. V. P., & Weber, S. A. T. (2017). Qualidade de sono em estudantes de medicina: Comparação das diferentes fases do curso. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, 43(4), 285–289. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37562016000000178
Dedy Mareta, C., & Lontoh, S. O. (2022). Pengaruh Kualitas Tidur Terhadap Sleep Paralysis Pada Mahasiswa/I Di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tarumanagara. Ebers Papyrus 28(2).https://doi.org/10.24912/ep.v28i2.20648
Edinoff, A. N., Nix, C. A., Hollier, J., Sagrera, C. E., Delacroix, B. M., Abubakar, T., Cornett, E. M., Kaye, A. M., & Kaye, A. D. (2021). Benzodiazepines: Uses, dangers, and clinical considerations. In Neurology International, 13(4),594–607, MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint13040059
Edison, H., & Nainggolan, O. (2021). Hubungan Insomnia dengan Hipertensi. Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan, 24(1), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.22435/hsr.v24i1.3579
Fermentasi, P., Terhadap, M., Histologi, G., Tikus, H., Cisplatin, Y. D., Tinjauannya, D., Islam, M., Mutia, F., Hadi, R. S., Arifandi, F., Kunci, K., & Madu, F. (2022). The Effect of Honey (Apis Mellifera) Fermentation On Cisplatin Induced Hepatic Histology of Rats and The Review According to Islamic Perspective. In Junior Medical Jurnal, 1(2), 197-205, https://doi.org/10.33476/jmj.v1i2.2890
Goldschen-Ohm, M. P. (2022). Benzodiazepine Modulation of GABAA Receptors: A Mechanistic Perspective. In Biomolecules MDPI, 12(12),1784, https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12121784
Goodman & Gilmans. (2006). The-Pharmacological-Basis-of-Therapeutics-11th-Edition. Mc.Grawhill, New York
Handayani, M., Ulfiana Fitri, A., Jayadilaga Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan dan Kesehatan, Y., Kesehatan, A., & Universitas Negeri Makassar Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan dan Kesehatan, unmacid. (n.d.). Gambaran Gangguan Tidur Yang Dirasakan Pada Remaja Dan Dewasa Muda Di Kota Makassar. Health Journal.11(1), 122-128, 1–P-ISSN : 2338-7823 E-ISSN : 2747-0253
Kaparang dan Wini Nabut (2020). Hubungan Resiliensi dan Kualitas Tidur Mahasiswa Profesi Ners Universitas Klabat Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020, 2(1), 30-36, Klabat Journal of Nursing. https://doi.org/10.37771/kjn.v2i1.421
Krisnasari, Alfian S & Yohanes S. 2025. The Role of Psycotropic Diazepam as Liver toxicity Causes Damage to Histological and Hepatic Function. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 25 (1): 1096 – 1103 DOI: http://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v25i1.8643
Maliza, R., Yatalaththov, F. G., Setiawan, H., & Utami, L. B. (2021). The Effect of Coffee Arabica (Coffea arabica L.) Fruit Skin Extracts on Small Intestine Morphometry of mice (Mus musculus L.) with Ethanol-Induced. Bioscience, 5(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.24036/0202151111571-0-00
Romayati Keswara, U., Syuhada, N., Tri Wahyudi, W.(2019). Perilaku Penggunaan Gadget Dengan Kualitas Tidur Pada Remaja, Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan, 13(3), 233-239
Wulan Sari, N., Mutmainna, A., Nani Hasanuddin, S., Perintis Kemerdekaan VIII, J., & Makassar, K. (2024). Hubungan Stres Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Penderita Hipertensi Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tamangapa Kota Makassar. JIMPK : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa & Penelitian Keperawatan, 225-231, ISSN : 2797-0019 | E-ISSN : 2797-0361
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Alfian Silvia Krisnasari, Yohanes Sugianto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
