Abstract
Diverticulitis is an inflammatory disease of the intestinal wall that often occurs in the elderly and is commonly located in the sigmoid colon. Risk factors for diverticulitis include a low-fiber diet, obesity and smoking, while physical activity and a healthy diet can lower the risk. Treatment of diverticulitis includes the use of selective antibiotics, especially in patients with complications or high risk, and surgical intervention may be required in complicated cases. The prognosis of the disease depends on age, severity, and the presence of complications, with a significant risk of recurrence in some patients. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive explanation of the definition, classification, epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, management, complications, prognosis, and prevention of diverticulitis. This literature review was conducted using a literature study method, with data sources obtained from online databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Google Scholar.
Keywords:
Colorectal Cancer, Diverticulitis, DiverticulosisReferences
Bhatia, M., & Mattoo, A. (2023). Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Current Treatment Trends. Cureus, 15(8), e43158. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.43158
Calini, G., Abd El Aziz, M. A., Paolini, L., Abdalla, S., Rottoli, M., Mari, G., & Larson, D. W. (2023). Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease (SUDD): Practical Guidance and Challenges for Clinical Management. Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology, Volume 16, 29–43. https://doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S340929
Carr, S., Velasco, A, L. (2024). Colon Diverticulitis. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541110/
Cristaudo, A., Pillay, P., & Naidu, S. (2015). Caecal diverticulitis: Presentation and management. Annals of Medicine & Surgery, 4(1), 72–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2015.02.002
Deery, S. E., & Hodin, R. A. (2017). Management of Diverticulitis in 2017. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 21(10), 1732–1741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11605-017-3404-3
Hawkins, A. T., Wise, P. E., Chan, T., Lee, J. T., Glyn, T., Wood, V., Eglinton, T., Frizelle, F., Khan, A., Hall, J., Ilyas, M. I. M., Michailidou, M., Nfonsam, V. N., Cowan, M. L., Williams, J., Steele, S. R., Alavi, K., Ellis, C. T., Collins, D., … Lightner, A. L. (2020). Diverticulitis: An Update From the Age Old Paradigm. Current Problems in Surgery, 57(10), 100862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpsurg.2020.100862
Humphrey, H. N., Sibley, P., Walker, E. T., Keller, D. S., Pata, F., Vimalachandran, D., Daniels, I. R., & McDermott, F. D. (2024). Genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors in diverticular disease: systematic review. BJS Open, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsopen/zrae032
Jin-Dominguez, F., Mansoor, E., Panhwar, M. S., Abou-Saleh, M., Isenberg, G., Wong, R. C. K., & Cooper, G. S. (2021). Epidemiology of Diverticulitis and Prevalence of First-Ever Colorectal Cancer Postdiverticulitis in Adults in the United States. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, 64(2), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1097/DCR.0000000000001837
Klarenbeek, B. R., de Korte, N., van der Peet, D. L., & Cuesta, M. A. (2012). Review of current classifications for diverticular disease and a translation into clinical practice. International Journal of Colorectal Disease, 27(2), 207–214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-011-1314-5
Linzay, C, D., Pandit S. (2023). Acute Diverticulitis. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459316/
Meyer, J., Buchs, N. C., & Ris, F. (2018). Risk of colorectal cancer in patients with diverticular disease. World Journal of Clinical Oncology, 9(6), 119–122. https://doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v9.i6.119
Minordi, L. M., Larosa, L., Berte, G., Pecere, S., & Manfredi, R. (2020). CT of the acute colonic diverticulitis: a pictorial essay. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, 26(6), 546–551. https://doi.org/10.5152/dir.2020.19645
Morgan, E., Arnold, M., Gini, A., Lorenzoni, V., Cabasag, C. J., Laversanne, M., Vignat, J., Ferlay, J., Murphy, N., & Bray, F. (2023). Global burden of colorectal cancer in 2020 and 2040: incidence and mortality estimates from GLOBOCAN. Gut, 72(2), 338–344. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327736
Mortensen, L. Q., Andresen, K., Thygesen, L., Pommergaard, H.-C., & Rosenberg, J. (2024). Diverticulitis Is Associated with Increased Risk of Colon Cancer—A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(9), 2503. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092503
Mortensen, L. Q., Burcharth, J., Andresen, K., Pommergaard, H.-C., & Rosenberg, J. (2017). An 18-Year Nationwide Cohort Study on The Association Between Diverticulitis and Colon Cancer. Annals of Surgery, 265(5), 954–959. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000001794
Nice Guidelines. (2019). Diverticular disease: diagnosis and management. Nice, 85(11), 1–60.
Onur, M. R., Akpinar, E., Karaosmanoglu, A. D., Isayev, C., & Karcaaltincaba, M. (2017). Diverticulitis: a comprehensive review with usual and unusual complications. Insights into Imaging, 8(1), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-016-0532-3
Peery, A. F., Shaukat, A., & Strate, L. L. (2021). AGA Clinical Practice Update on Medical Management of Colonic Diverticulitis: Expert Review. Gastroenterology, 160(3), 906-911.e1. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.059
Rezapour, M., Ali, S., & Stollman, N. (2018). Diverticular Disease: An Update on Pathogenesis and Management. Gut and Liver, 12(2), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl16552
Schieffer, K. M., Kline, B. P., Yochum, G. S., & Koltun, W. A. (2018). Pathophysiology of diverticular disease. Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 12(7), 683–692. https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2018.1481746
Strate, L. L., & Morris, A. M. (2019). Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment of Diverticulitis. Gastroenterology, 156(5), 1282-1298.e1. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.033
Talutis, S. D., & Kuhnen, F. A. H. (2021). Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Diverticular Disease. Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery, 34(02), 081–085. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1716698
Tursi, A., Scarpignato, C., Strate, L. L., Lanas, A., Kruis, W., Lahat, A., & Danese, S. (2020). Colonic diverticular disease. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 6(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-020-0153-5
Violi, A., Cambiè, G., Miraglia, C., Barchi, A., Nouvenne, A., Capasso, M., Leandro, G., Meschi, T., De’ Angelis, G. L., & Mario, F. Di. (2018). Epidemiology and risk factors for diverticular disease. Acta Biomedica, 89(3), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v89i9-S.7924
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Andi Husnul Khotimah, Nadine Aisyah Sultan Firdaus, Muhammad Haikal, Baiq Nurhandini Wulandari, Alisha Chaerani Zubaedi, Hanum Retno Hanifah, I Nyoman Dio Yudha Prawira, Nurhidayati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
