Diphtheria and Pertussis: A Literature Review of Two Preventable Infectious Diseases

Authors

Khansa Aulia Sabrina , Fadila Rahmawati , Hasna Tazkia Aghni , Chivan Agustinus Siregar

DOI:

10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10380

Published:

2025-10-17

Downloads

Abstract

Diphtheria and pertussis are dangerous infectious diseases that infect the respiratory tract. Both diseases are caused by bacteria that can affect people of all ages, especially infants and children. The research design used was a literature review. Data sources were obtained by conducting electronic searches through library search engines including PubMed, ScienceDirect, MDPI, and Google Scholar to find journal articles and guidelines discussing diphtheria and pertussis. The findings indicate that diphtheria and pertussis are respiratory infections caused by bacteria. These diseases are transmitted through respiratory droplets and can spread very quickly. Both diseases remain a public health challenge due to their significant morbidity and mortality rates, especially in vulnerable groups such as infants and children. Prevention efforts need to be integrated with early detection of clinical manifestations and diagnosis, appropriate case management, and public education regarding diphtheria and pertussis prevention through timely vaccination and maintaining high vaccination coverage.

Keywords:

Diphtheria Pertussis DTP vaccination

References

Burni, E., Hapsari, R. B., & Dinihari, T. N. (2019). Pedoman Surveilans dan Penanggulangan Difteri edisi 2018. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. https://repository.kemkes.go.id/book/1062

CDC. (2024a, April 18). Best Practices for Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosing Pertussis. Whooping Cough (Pertussis). https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/php/pcr-bestpractices/index.html

CDC. (2024b, September 30). Chapter 16: Pertussis. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. https://www.cdc.gov/pinkbook/hcp/table-of-contents/chapter-16-pertussis.html

Decker, M. D., & Edwards, K. M. (2021). Pertussis (Whooping Cough). The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 224(Supplement_4), S310–S320. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa469

Fardani, S., & Wahyono, T. (2023). Epidemiologi Difteri di Indonesia Tahun 2020-2022: Distribusi Kasus, Tingkat Keparahan Gejala, Riwayat Imunisasi dan Risiko Kematian. Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.7454/epidkes.v7i2.1081

Gupta, S., & Jayashree, M. (2017). Diphtheria: Relic or Relevant. Journal of Pediatric Critical Care, 4(3), 85. https://doi.org/10.21304/2017.0403.00198

Hamdani, R., & Hikmayati, D. M. (2022). Hubungan Status Imunisasi DPT terhadap Kasus Difteri di Kota Surabaya. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, 11(06), 537–543. https://doi.org/10.33221/jikm.v11i06.1808

Hartoyo, E. (2018). Difteri Pada Anak. Sari Pediatri, 19(5), 300–306. https://doi.org/10.14238/sp19.5.2018.300-6

Kaswandani, N., Gunardi, H., Prayitno, A., Kartasasmita, C. B., Prasetyo, D., Husada, D., Sarosa, G. I., Oswari, H., Ismoedijanto, I., Rusmil, K., Maddepunggeng, M., Sitaresmi, M. N., Raihan, R., Handryastuti, S., Soedjatmiko, S., Hadinegoro, S. R. S., & Munasir, Z. (2025). Jadwal Imunisasi Anak Usia 0-18 Tahun Rekomendasi Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia Tahun 2024. Sari Pediatri, 26(5), 328–336. https://doi.org/10.14238/sp26.5.2025.328-36

Kemenkes, R. (2022). Profil kesehatan indonesia 2021. Pusdatin. Kemenkes. go. id, 63.

Kilgore, P. E., Salim, A. M., Zervos, M. J., & Schmitt, H.-J. (2016). Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 29(3), 449–486. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00083-15

Lamichhane, A., & Radhakrishnan, S. (2025). Diphtheria. Dalam StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560911/

Lauria, A. M., & Zabbo, C. P. (2022). Pertussis. Dalam StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519008/

Leniwati, L., Sukmawati, S., & Rahmawati, D. A. (2024). Hubungan antara edukasi dengan kepatuhan imunisasi DPT (Difteri, Pertusis dan Tetanus) pada bayi di Blud Uptd Puskesmas Abeli Kota Kendari. Journal Pelita Sains Kesehatan, 4(1), 23–28. https://ojs.pelitaibu.ac.id/index.php/jpasaik/article/view/131

Leontari, K., Lianou, A., Tsantes, A. G., Filippatos, F., Iliodromiti, Z., Boutsikou, T., Paliatsou, S., Chaldoupis, A. E., Ioannou, P., Mpakosi, A., Iacovidou, N., & Sokou, R. (2025). Pertussis in Early Infancy: Diagnostic Challenges, Disease Burden, and Public Health Implications Amidst the 2024 Resurgence, with Emphasis on Maternal Vaccination Strategies. Vaccines, 13(3), 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13030276

Liu, Y., Yu, D., Wang, K., & Ye, Q. (2024). Global resurgence of pertussis: A perspective from China. Journal of Infection, 89(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106289

Prasetyowati, E. B., Karolina, S., Dinihari, T. N., & Karyanti, M. R. (2021). Petunjuk teknik surveilans pertusis untuk petugas surveilans. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. https://repository.kemkes.go.id/book/99

Principi, N., Bianchini, S., & Esposito, S. (2024). Pertussis Epidemiology in Children: The Role of Maternal Immunization. Vaccines, 12(9), 1030. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12091030

Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2022. (2023). https://kemkes.go.id/id/profil-kesehatan-indonesia-2022

Saunders, R., & Suarca, I. K. (2019). Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Difteri. 46(2).

Sunarno, S., Sofiah, S. N., Amalia, N., Hartoyo, Y., Rizki, A., Puspandari, N., Saraswati, R. D., Febriyana, D., Febrianti, T., Susanti, I., Khariri, K., Sariadji, K., Muna, F., Rukminiati, Y., Sulistyaningrum, N., Riana, D. A., Maha, M. S., Fitriana, F., Voronika, V., … Setiawaty, V. (2022). Laboratory and epidemiology data of pertussis cases and close contacts: A 5-year case-based surveillance of pertussis in Indonesia, 2016–2020. PLOS ONE, 17(4), e0266033. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266033

Wang, Y., & Lu, G. (2025). Global, regional, and national epidemiology of pertussis in children from 1990 to 2021. Vaccine, 61, 127378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127378

Yourlanda, D. (2024). Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Difteri pada Anak. Jurnal Kedokteran Nanggroe Medika, 7(4), 14–19. https://doi.org/10.35324/jknamed.v7i4.315

Zakiyuddin, Z. (2019). Optimalisasi Pencegahan Difteri pada Bayi melalui Program Imunisasi Dpt di Lung Mane. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Multidisiplin, 2(3), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.36341/jpm.v2i3.785

Author Biographies

Khansa Aulia Sabrina, Universitas Mataram

Author Origin : Indonesia

Fadila Rahmawati, Universitas Mataram

Author Origin : Indonesia

Hasna Tazkia Aghni, Universitas Mataram

Author Origin : Indonesia

Chivan Agustinus Siregar, Universitas Mataram

Author Origin : Indonesia

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

How to Cite

Sabrina, K. A., Rahmawati, F., Aghni, H. T., & Siregar, C. A. (2025). Diphtheria and Pertussis: A Literature Review of Two Preventable Infectious Diseases. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 25(4), 5685–5692. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10380

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.