Parents’ Knowledge and Behavior Related to Pneumonia Incidence in Children Under Five: A Literature Review
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v26i1.10692Published:
2026-02-23Downloads
Abstract
Pneumonia remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five worldwide, including in Indonesia, with its severity influenced by immunization status, air pollution exposure, delayed access to healthcare, and families’ socioeconomic and behavioral conditions.of families influence the severity of pneumonia. This review aims to explore parental knowledge and behavior and the severity of pneumonia in children under five based on previous studies. This study used a literature review method by collecting and analyzing relevant articles from databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using keywords including "pneumonia", "knowledge", "behavior", and "under-five children". The findings indicate that adequate parental knowledge about pneumonia can support early detection and timely medical care. Parents with better knowledge tend to recognize the early symptoms of pneumonia more quickly and promptly seek medical care. In addition, good preventive behaviors, such as proper hygiene practices, complete immunization, and adequate care, can help prevent pneumonia or reduce the severity of the disease if it occurs. However, some studies show that high knowledge does not always correlate with appropriate treatment-seeking behavior, as it is influenced by other factors such as education level, economic status, and access to healthcare facilities. In addition, poor preventive behavior such as smoking inside the house and inadequate sanitation contributes to increased risk and severity of pneumonia. Parental knowledge and behavior play a crucial role in the prevention and management of pneumonia in children. However, a holistic approach is required, considering educational, economic, and healthcare access factors to ensure effective interventions in reducing the incidence and severity of pneumonia among children.
Keywords:
Behavior Children under 5 years Knowledge Severity pneumoniaReferences
Amuka, D. O., Onguru, D., & Ayodo, G. (2020). Knowledge, perceptions and practices of caregivers on pneumonia among children aged below 5 years in Migori County Referral Hospital, Kenya. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 10(11), 40–57. https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR_Vol.10_Issue.11_Nov2020/IJHSR_Abstract.07.htm
Arlini, Yunita. Diagnosis Community Aquired Pneumonia (CAP) dan Tatalaksana Terkini. In: Bagian Pulmunologi dan Kedokteran Respirasi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Syiah Kuala. Banda Aceh: Universitas Syiah Kuala; 2016. Jurnal Pneumonia pp. 86–97.
Badriah, U., Purwati, H, U. (2016). Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Orang Tua dalam Memamnfaatkan Pelayanan Kesehatan dengan Kejadian Pneumonia Balita di Puskesmas Kecamatan Kemayoran, Jakarta Pusat. Jurnal Keperawatan Anak.
Bakare, A. A., et al. (2023). Pneumonia knowledge and care-seeking behavior for children under five years in Jigawa, Northwest Nigeria: A cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1198225. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1198225
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi NTB. (2023). Profil Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi NTB. Retrieved April 20, 2023, from https://dinkes.ntbprov.go.id/
Dwi, H. (2015). Hubungan pengetahuan ibu balita dengan perilaku pencegahan penyakit pneumonia di ruang rawat inap anak RSUD Dr. Moewardi (Skripsi). Unpublished dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degreeUniversitas Kusuma Husada Surakarta.
Ebeledike, C., & Ahmad, T. (2024). Pediatric pneumonia. Dalam StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536940
Efni, Y., Machmud, R., & Pertiwi, D. (2019). Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Kelurahan Air Tawar Barat Padang. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v5i2.523
Gogia, S., Sachdev, H. S., Akhtar, T. (2017). Pneumonia. In Indian Pediatrics (Eds.), IAP Textbook of Pediatrics (pp. 428-435). Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. 2017 Nov 28;8:1641. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01641. PMID: 29234319; PMCID: PMC5712338.
Hadi, H., Gunawan, I. M. A., & Hidayat, T. S. (2008). Perilaku pencegahan pneumonia pada balita di Indonesia. Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat, 24(2), 61–69.
Hao, Q., Yan, P., Guo, W., Ren, J., Li, Q., Zhang, P., Huang, C., & Gu, J. (2023). Parental knowledge, attitude, and practice on pediatric pneumonia in Beijing, China: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Public Health, 33, 393–399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-023-02020-1
Hartati, S. (2011). Analisis faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada anak balita di RSUD Pasar Rebo Jakarta (Tesis). Universitas Indonesia.
Hong, E., Mao, J., Ke, Z., & Tao, W. (2024). Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards community-acquired pneumonia and COVID-19 among the general population: A cross-sectional study. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 13(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-023-01319-3
Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. (2017). Pengasuhan anak, menekan pneumonia. IDAI.
Kajungu, D., et al. (2023). Factors associated with caretakers’ knowledge, attitude, and practices in the management of pneumonia for children aged five years and below in rural Uganda. BMC Health Services Research, 23, 713. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09713-z
Luby, S.P., Agboatwalla, M., Feikin, D.R., Painter, J., Billhimer, W., Altaf, A. and Hoekstra, R. (2005) Effect of Handwashing on Child Health: A Randomised Controlled Trial. The Lancet, 366, 225-233.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66912-7
Mani, C.S. (2017) Acute Pneumonia and Its Complications. Fifth Edit, Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Fifth Edit. Elsevier Inc. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-40181-4.00034-7.
McAllister, D. A., Liu, L., Shi, T., Chu, Y., Reed, C., Burrows, J., Adeloye, D., Rudan, I., Black, R. E., Campbell, H., & Nair, H. (2019). Global, regional, and national estimates of pneumonia morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years between 2000 and 2015: A systematic analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 7(1), e47–e57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30408-X
Nair, H., Simões, E. A., Rudan, I., Gessner, B. D., Azziz-Baumgartner, E., Zhang, J. S., … Campbell, H. (2013). Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for severe acute lower respiratory infections in young children in 2010. The Lancet, 381(9875), 1380–1390. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61901-1
Noordam, A. C., et al. (2015). Parental recognition of danger signs in childhood pneumonia in developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization.
Noordam, A. C., Sharkey, A. B., Hinssen, P., Dinant, G. J., & Cals, J. W. L. (2017). Association between caregivers’ knowledge and care-seeking behavior for childhood pneumonia. BMC Health Services Research, 17(1), 157. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2060-3
Soofi, S., Cousens, S., et al (2017). Community-based cluster-randomised trial of pneumonia management strategies in rural Pakistan. The Lancet Global Health, 5(4), e448–e456. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30248-6
Tuhebwe, D., Tumushabe, E., Leontsini, E., & Wanyenze, R. K. (2014). Pneumonia among children under five in Uganda: Symptom recognition and actions taken by caretakers. African Health Sciences, 14(4), 993–1000. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v14i4.31
UNICEF. (2024). Pneumonia. https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-health/pneumonia/
World Health Organization. (2014). Pneumonia: Fact sheet. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/pneumonia
World Health Organization. (2023). Pneumonia in children. https://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/pneumonia
Yusuf, A., & Nugraheni, S. A. (2012). Peran orang tua dalam pencegahan pneumonia pada balita di Desa Sidorejo Kecamatan Ngemplak Kabupaten Boyolali. Jurnal Kebidanan, 4(8), 1–10.
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Lale Nubya Nitzana, Wayan Sulaksmana Sandhi Parwata, Titi Pambudi Karuniawaty
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
