Cadmium (Cd) Content in Sediments Along the Somber River, Balikpapan City, East Kalimantan
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v25i4b.10891Published:
2025-12-25Downloads
Abstract
Human activities in the Somber River area of Balikpapan, such as settlements, industry, shipping, and fisheries, have the potential to cause cadmium (Cd) contamination, threatening the mangrove ecosystem and aquatic biota. This study aimed to determine the concentration and contamination level of Cd in the sediments of the Somber River, Balikpapan. Sediment samples were systematically collected from four stations representing different anthropogenic influences, using a hand corer (50 cm depth). Cadmium concentration was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) following acid digestion. It was found that the Cd concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 1.01 µg/g, with an average of 0.37 ± 0.29 µg/g dry weight. All values were below the national sediment quality guideline. The accumulation of Cd showed an increasing trend with greater sediment depth. The calculated Contamination Factor (CF) indicated low to moderate contamination levels at all stations. Overall, the sources of Cd along the Somber River originate from both natural processes and anthropogenic activities from the land.
Keywords:
Cadmium (Cd) Heavy Metals Mangrove SedimentReferences
Andini, A. D., Paputungan, M. S., Suryana, I., & Ritonga, I. R. (2024). Konsentrasi Kadmium (Cd) pada Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa) dari Beberapa Pasar Tradisional di Kota Samarinda , dan Potensi Risikonya Terhadap Kesehatan Manusia. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 13(3), 351–362. https://doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v13i3.63526
Anggraeni, D., Oginawati, K., Fahimah, N., Salami, I. R. S., Absari, H. R., Mukhaiyar, U., Pasaribu, U. S., Sari, K. N., & Adiyani, L. (2024). Analysis of Heavy Metals (Pb and Cd) in Soil Layers of Indonesia: Spatial Distribution, Potential Source, and Groundwater Effect. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 9(February), 100652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100652
Ashar, A. A. A., Paputungan, M. S., Hamdhani, H., & Ritonga, I. R. (2025). Analisis Konsentrasi Fe, Mn, dan Zn pada Sedimen Mangrove di Sepanjang Sungai Somber Kota Balikpapan. Jurnal Perikanan, 15(1), 387-397. https://doi.org/10.29303/jp.v15i1.1408.
Chen, Y., Ma, J., Yang, Y., Liu, X., Wang, D., Wu, C., & Dai, H. (2025). Geochemical Baseline , Pollution Evaluation , and Source Apportionment of Topsoil Heavy Metals in Eastern Yongqiao District of Suzhou City , China. Sustainability (Switzerland), 17(9128), 1–23.
Dewi, G. A. Y., Samson, S. A., & Usman, U. (2018). Analisis Kandungan Logam Berat Pb dan Cd di Muara Sungai Manggar Balikpapan. ECOTROPHIC, 12(2), 117–124. https://doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2018.v12.i02.p02
Dey, M., Akter, A., Islam, S., Chandra Dey, S., Choudhury, T. R., Fatema, K. J., & Begum, B. A. (2021). Assessment of Contamination Level, Pollution Risk and Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in the Halda River water, Bangladesh. Heliyon, 7(12), e08625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08625
Fernandes, M. R., Melo, E. S. de P., Ancel, M. A. P., Guimarães, R. de C. A., Hiane, P. A., Geilow, K. de C. F., Bogo, D., Tschinkel, P. F. S., Rosa, A. C. G., Medeiros, C. S. de A., Oliveira, R. J., Vilela, M. L. B., Garcia, D. A. Z., & Nascimento, V. A. do. (2025). Assessment of the Risk to Human Health and Pollution Levels Due to the Presence of Metal(loid)s in Sediments, Water, and Fishes in Urban Rivers in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Urban Science, 9(4), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9040114
Genchi, G., Sinicropi, M. S., Lauria, G., Carocci, A., & Catalano, A. (2020). The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113782
Gopal, V., Nithya, B., Magesh, N. S., & Jayaprakash, M. (2018). Seasonal Variations and Environmental Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in the Sediments of Uppanar River Estuary, Southern India. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 129(1), 347–356. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.03.003
Hakanson, L. (1980). An Ecological Risk Index for Aquatic Pollution Control. A Sedimentological Approach. Water Research, 14(8), 975–1001.
Hasan, M. R., Anisuzzaman, M., Choudhury, T. R., Arai, T., Yu, J., Albeshr, M. F., & Hossain, M. B. (2023). Vertical Distribution, Contamination Status and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Core Sediments from a Mangrove Dominated Tropical River. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 189(November 2022), 114804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114804
Hasimuna, O. J., Chibesa, M., Ellender, B. R., & Maulu, S. (2021). Variability of Selected Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments and Ecological Risks in the Solwezi and Kifubwa Rivers, Northwestern Province, Zambia. Scientific African, 12, e00822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00822
Huzairiah, M., Nugraha, M. A., & Pamungkas, A. (2022). Kontaminasi Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) dan Kadmium (Cd) Pada Sedimen Estuari Baturusa, Kota Pangkalpinang. Journal of Tropical Marine Science, 5(1), 19–29. https://doi.org/10.33019/jour.trop.mar.sci.v5i1.2558
Kristiana, Prasetya, A. T., & Kasmui. (2020). Perbandingan Metode Destruksi Sedimen Sungai Kaligarang pada Analisis Logam Cu Menggunakan Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FAAS). Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science, 9(2), 99–105. http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/ijcs
Liu, J., Cao, L., & Dou, S. (2019). Trophic Transfer, Biomagnification and Risk Assessments of Four Common Heavy Metals in the Food Web of Laizhou Bay, the Bohai Sea. Science of The Total Environment, 670, 508–522.
Mardani, N. P. S., Restu, I. W., & Sari, A. H. W. (2018). Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) dan Kadmium (Cd) Pada Badan Air dan Ikan di Perairan Teluk Benoa, Bali. Current Trends in Aquatic Science, 1(1), 106. https://doi.org/10.24843/ctas.2018.v01.i01.p14
Maria, Jamaluddin, & Umar, E. P. (2023). Analisis Logam Berat Sedimen Wilayah Kota Balikpapan Berdasarkan Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo). Justek: Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi, 6(4), 418–426. http://journal.ummat.ac.id/index.php/justek
Noor, R. J., Kabangnga, A., & Fathuddin, F. (2021). Distribusi Spasial dan Faktor Kontaminasi Logam Berat di Pesisir Kota Makassar. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis, 24(1), 93–101. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v24i1.9619
Persaud, D., Jaagumagi, R., & Hayton, A. (1993). Guidelines for the Protection and Management of Aquatic Sediment Quality in Ontario. Ontario Ministry of the Environment. https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/d662f9f3-49b4-403e-95ce-8c481224cd1a/content
Putri, A. D. D., Yona, D., & Handayani, M. (2016). Kandungan Logam Berat Kadmium (Cd), Tembaga (Cu) dan Seng (Zn) pada Air dan Sedimen Perairan Pelabuhan Kamal, Kabupaten Bangkalan–Madura. Seminar Nasional Perikanan Dan Kelautan Vi, May, 533–538.
Sitorus, S., Ilang, Y., & Nugroho, R. A. (2020). Analisis kadar logam Pb, Cd, Cu, As pada air, sedimen dan bivalvia di pesisir Teluk Balikpapan. Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia, 7(2), 89–94. https://doi.org/10.31258/dli.7.2.p.89-94
Sukaryono, I. D., & Dewa, R. P. (2018). Pemantauan Kandungan Logam Berat Pb dan Cd pada. Majalah BIAM, 14(1), 1–7.
Syafira, A. R., Ritonga, I. R., Paputungan, M. S., & Suryana, I. (2023). Analisis Kandungan Timbal (Pb) pada Sedimen Mangrove di Kawasan Mangrove Center Graha Indah, Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Perikanan Unram, 13(1), 220–231. https://doi.org/10.29303/jp.v13i1.465
Syahminan, S., Riani, E., Anwar, S., & Rifardi, R. (2015). Heavy Metals Pollution Status Pb and Cd in Sediments in Dumai Sea western waters – Riau Province. Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 5(2), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.19081/jpsl.5.2.133
Wei, J., Duan, M., Li, Y., Nwankwegu, A. S., Ji, Y., & Zhang, J. (2019). Concentration and Pollution Assessment of Heavy Metals Within Surface Sediments of the Raohe Basin, China. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49724-7
Wulandari, M., Harfadli, M. M., & Rahmania, R. (2020). Penentuan kondisi kualitas perairan Muara Sungai Somber, Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur dengan Metode Indeks Pencemaran (Pollution Index). SPECTA Journal of Technology, 4(2), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.35718/specta.v4i2.186
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Fitriatul Mufidah, Mohammad Sumiran Paputungan, Irwan Ramadhan Ritonga
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
