The Effect of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) Extract on The Hepatic Histopathology of Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Induced by Ibuprofen
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.11149Published:
2025-12-30Downloads
Abstract
Excessive use of ibuprofen can trigger Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) through oxidative stress mechanisms. Syzygium polyanthum (bay leaf) contains antioxidant compounds with potential hepatoprotective activity. Objective to determine the effect of ethanol extract of bay leaves on the improvement of liver histopathology in ibuprofen-induced rats. This experimental study used 36 Sprague Dawley rats divided into six groups: Negative Control, two Positive Controls (ibuprofen induction), and treatment groups P1, P2, and P3 (ibuprofen induction + extract at doses of 50, 150, and 250 mg/kgBW). Histopathological changes were evaluated using the Manja Roenigk scoring system. Data were analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s Post Hoc test. There were significant differences among groups (p < 0.001). Group P3 (250 mg/kgBW) showed the lowest damage score (1.35 ± 0.15), approaching normal conditions, and differed significantly from P1 (2.37 ± 0.27), which showed the highest damage. Lower doses did not provide optimal improvement. Bay leaf extract significantly improved liver histopathology in ibuprofen-induced rats in a dose-dependent manner, with the most effective dose being 250 mg/kgBW.
Keywords:
Bay leaf extract Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) Ibuprofen Liver histopathologyReferences
Agustina, R. (2015). Aktivitas ekstrak daun salam (eugenia polyantha) sebagai antiinflamasi pada tikus putih (rattus norvegicus). Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry. 3(2). https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/111?articlesBySimilarityPage=6
Aldorea G. (2022). Drug-Induced Liver Injury Pada Pasien Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia Tahun 2021. Skripsi. Universitas Indonesia.
Andrés, C. M. C., Pérez de la Lastra, J. M., Juan, C. A., Plou, F. J., & Pérez-Lebeña, E. (2023). Polyphenols as antioxidant/pro-oxidant compounds and donors of reducing species: Relationship with human antioxidant metabolism. Processes, 11(9), 2771. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11092771
Anindyaguna, A., Mustofa, S., Anggraini, D. I., & Oktarlina, R. Z. (2022). Drug-Induced Liver Injury Akibat Penyalahgunaan Parasetamol. Medical Profession Journal of Lampung, 12(3), 500-507. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11092771
Arief, H., & Widodo, M. A. (2016). Peranan stres oksidatif pada proses penyembuhan luka. Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma, 5(2), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.30742/jikw.v5i2.338
Casmir, O. E., Chiazor, U. P., Eze, E. C., Linda, O. C., Christian, A. G., Nwaforcha, N. B., ... & Onyemaechi, N. M. (2023). The protective role of α-tocopherol, vitamin C and quercetin against ibuprofen-induced liver damage in male Wistar rats. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 24, 170-84. 10.30574/gscbps.2023.24.2.0308
• Cores, Á., Carmona-Zafra, N., Clerigué, J., Villacampa, M., & Menéndez, J. C. (2023). Quinones as neuroprotective agents. Antioxidants, 12(7), 1464. 10.3390/antiox12071464
Harismah, K. (2017). Pemanfaatan daun salam (Eugenia polyantha) sebagai obat herbal dan rempah penyedap makanan. Warta Lpm, 19(2), 110-118. https://journals.ums.ac.id/warta/article/view/2742
Hasan, H., Thomas, N. A., Hiola, F., Ramadhani, F. N., & Ibrahim, A. S. (2022). Skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antioksidan kulit batang matoa (Pometia pinnata) dengan metode 1, 1-diphenyl-2 picrylhidrazyl (DPPH). Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 2(1), 67-73. https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v2i1.10995
Kondža, M., Brizić, I., & Jokić, S. (2024). Flavonoids as CYP3A4 inhibitors in vitro. Biomedicines, 12(3), 644. 10.3390/biomedicines12030644
Kosanam, S., & Boyina, R. (2015). Drug-induced liver injury: A review. International Journal of Pharmacological Research, 5(2), 24-30. 10.7439/ijpr.v5i2.1507
Layal, K. (2016). Peran Nrf2 dalam patogenesis stres oksidatif dan inflamasi pada penyakit ginjal kronik. Syifa'MEDIKA: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan, 7(1), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.32502/sm.v7i1.1390
Leswana, N. F., & Sianturi, S. (2024). Antioxidant Activity of Tahongai Leaves (Klenhovia hospital L.) Infusa Using DPPH Method. JPK: Jurnal Proteksi Kesehatan, 13(1), 36-45. https://doi.org/10.36929/jpk.v13i1.791
Lippert, A., & Renner, B. (2022). Herb–drug interaction in inflammatory diseases: Review of phytomedicine and herbal supplements. Journal of clinical medicine, 11(6), 1567. 10.3390/jcm11061567
Marrone, G., Vaccaro, F. G., Biolato, M., Miele, L., Liguori, A., Araneo, C., ... & Grieco, A. (2017). Drug-induced liver injury 2017: the diagnosis is not easy but always to keep in mind. European Review for Medical & Pharmacological Sciences, 21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28379587/
Maulina M. (2018). Zat-Zat yang Mempengaruhi Histopatologi Hepar. Lhokseumawe.
Mazaleuskaya, L. L., Theken, K. N., Gong, L., Thorn, C. F., FitzGerald, G. A., Altman, R. B., & Klein, T. E. (2015). PharmGKB summary: ibuprofen pathways. Pharmacogenetics and genomics, 25(2), 96-106. 10.1097/FPC.0000000000000113
Midah, Z., Fajriansyah, F., Makmun, A., & Rasfahyana, R. (2021). Hubungan Obesitas dan Stress Oksidatif. UMI Medical Journal, 6(1), 62-69. https://doi.org/10.33096/umj.v6i1.140
Miya, F. (2022). Pengaruh Pemberian Fraksi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Salam (Syzygium Polyanthum) Terhadap Kadar Enzim Ast (Aspartate Aminotransferase) Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus) Jantan Yang Diinduksi Parasetamol= The Effect Of Bay (Syzygium Polyanthum) Leaf Ethanol Extract Fraction On Ast (Aspartate Aminotransferase) Enzyme Level In Male White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Induced By Paracetamol (Doctoral Dissertation, Universitas Hasanuddin). https://repository.unhas.ac.id/id/eprint/13037/2/N011181019_skripsi_27-01-2022%201-2.pdf
Mutiara, S. A., Damayanti, E., Wardhana, M. F., & Sukohar, A. (2024). Potensi Beberapa Tumbuhan Sebagai Anti Inflamasi di Indonesi. Medical Profession Journal of Lampung, 14(5), 923-929. https://doi.org/10.53089/medula.v14i5.1096
Sidabutar, D. M., Kairupan, C. F., & Durry, M. (2016). Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) terhadap gambaran histopatologik hati tikus wistar yang diberikan parasetamol dosis toksik. eBiomedik, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.v4i1.12224
Soleha, M., Isnawati, A., Fitri, N., Adelina, R., Soblia, H. T., & Winarsih, W. (2018). Profil penggunaan obat antiinflamasi nonstreoid di Indonesia. Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia, 109-117. https://doi.org/10.22435/jki.v8i2.316
Syahfitri, F. R., Syukriah, S., & Febriani, H. (2025). Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium Polyanthum) Terhadap Hati Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus) Yang Diinduksi Kadmium Klorida. Bioma: Jurnal Biologi Makassar, 10(1), 79-91. http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/23754/
Wahyudi, W., Ananda Pulungan, D. R., Syahfitri, D., Adelia, D., & Salsabila, R. F. (2024). Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) Rempah Khas Indonesia dengan Berbagai Manfaat Farmakologi: Literature Review. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v4i3.28452
Zoubek, M. E., Lucena, M. I., Andrade, R. J., & Stephens, C. (2020). Systematic review: ibuprofen‐induced liver injury. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 51(6), 603-611. 10.1111/apt.15645
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Kadek Galuh Dirganingrum, Efrisca M. Br. Damanik , Teguh Dwi Nugroho, Dwita Anastasia Deo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
