Spatial Variation in Water Quality Based on Biotic Indices Along Urban River Reservoir Continuum in Samarinda
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11509Published:
2026-03-05Downloads
Abstract
The Karang Mumus River and Benanga Reservoir are water bodies that play a vital role in supporting ecological functions and meeting the socio-economic needs of urban dwellers of Samarinda. However, pressure from urban anthropogenic activities has caused a decline in water quality in both water bodies. This study aims to assess water quality along the Benanga Reservoir and Karang Mumus River using benthic macroinvertebrates as ecological indicators. Macroinvertebrate benthos sampling was conducted in March 2024 in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Karang Mumus River, as well as the Benanga Reservoir, which is the source of the river's water flow. Furthermore, water quality assessment along these waters was determined based on the importance value index (INP), Shannon-Wiener diversity (H'), evenness (E), and Simpson dominance (D), as well as biotic indices, namely BMWP-ASPT (Biological Monitoring Working Party-Average Score Per Taxon) and FBI (Family Biotic Index). The results of the study showed that Benanga Reservoir has a fairly high diversity (H' = 2.05), with a dominance of taxa sensitive to pollution, such as the Baetidae family, indicating relatively good water conditions. BMWP-ASPT and FBI values indicate that the quality of Benanga Reservoir is relatively good. In contrast, the upstream, middle, and downstream segments of the Karang Mumus River showed a gradual decline in water quality. In the middle and downstream segments, the dominance of taxa tolerant of aquatic environmental pollution, such as Lestidae and Tubificidae, was observed, along with a high FBI value (9.49), indicating that the water is highly polluted with organic materials.
Keywords:
Biomonitoring Benthic macroinvertebrates East Kalimantan freshwater ecosystemReferences
Diantari, N.P.R., Ahyadi, H., Rohyani, I.S., & Suana, I.W. (2018). Keanekaragaman Serangga Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, dan Trichoptera sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Perairan di Sungai Jangkok, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia, 14(3), 135-142. DOI: 10.5994/jei.14.3.135.
Erlangga, M.E., Prasetyo, H.D., & Latuconsina, H. (2024). Status Kualitas Air Sungai Tumapel di Kawasan Singosari Kabupaten Malang dengan Metode Biotilik dan FBI (Family Biotic Index). Journal of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, 3(2), 82-93. DOI:
32734/jafs.v3i2.18698.
Gooderham, J. & Tsyrlin, E. (2002). The Waterbug Book. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood (AU). ISBN: 9780643090026, pp: 214. DOI: 10.1071/9780643090026.
Hammer, Ø. (2025). PAST (PAleontological STatistics. Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norwegia. https://www.nhm.uio.no/english/research/resources/past/.
Hutauruk, T.R., Kusuma, A.R., & Ningsih, W. (2020). Estimasi Kerugian Ekonomi Akibat Banjir Pada Kawasan Pemukiman Penduduk di Bantaran Sungai Karang Mumus Kota Samarinda. Jurnal Riset Inossa, 2(1), 47-59. DOI: 0.29244/ijaree.v2i1.50241.
Ibrahim, A., Sudarso, J., Imroatushsholikhah, Toruan, R.L., & Sari, L. (2021). Penggunaan Makrozoobentos dalam Penilaian Kualitas Perairan Sungai Inlet Danau Maninjau, Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 19(3), 649-660. DOI: 10.14710/jil.19.3.649-660.
Ilmawati, Mursidi, & Bulan, D. E. (2022). Keanekaragaman Plankton Waduk Benanga di Kota Samarinda. Jurnal Aquarine, 9(2), 38-45. https://e-journals.unmul.ac.id/index.php/aquarine/article/view/6/0.
Jacobus, L.M., Macadam, C.R., & Sartori, M. (2019). Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and Their Contributions to Ecosystem Services. Insects, 10(6), 1-26. DOI: 10.3390/insects10060170.
Kusumawardani, S.W.D., Aprilliana, E.N., & Abida, I.W. (2023). Biodiversity Makrozoobentos sebagai Indikator Pencemaran Perairan Sungai Desa Pejagan Kabupaten Bangkalan. Prosiding Seminar Ilmiah Nasional Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Muslim Indonesia, 31 Desember, Makasar, pp: 57-67.https://jurnal.fpik.umi.ac.id/index.php/SemINasFPIKUMI/article/view/381.
Mandaville, S.M. (2002). Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Freshwaters Taxa Tolerance Values, Metrics, and Protocols. Soil and Water Conservation Society of Metro Halifax, Nova Scotia. https://lakes.chebucto.org/H-1/tolerance.pdf.
Merina, G., Nurdin, J., Mursyid, A., Putra, W., Aryzegovina, R., & Junialdi, R. (2022). Analisa Pencemaran Organik Sungai Masang Kecil di Kabupaten Pasaman Barat Berdasarkan Komunitas dan Indeks Biologi Makrozoobentos. Konservasi Hayati, 18(2), 69-79. DOI: 10.33369/hayati.v18i2.23962.
Nugroho, S., Khoirunisa, I., Zulya, F., Adnan, F., & Faradilla, R. (2024). Analisis Isu Lingkungan Prioritas Pada Kualitas Air Kota Samarinda Tahun 2024 Menggunakan Metode DPSIR. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Rekayasa Tropis, 11 September, Samarinda, pp: 171-185. https://e-journals.unmul.ac.id/index.php/SEMNASTEK/article/view/17098.
Oscoz, J., Galicia, D., & Miranda, R. (2011). Identification Guide of Freshwater Macroinvertebrates of Spain. Springer, New York (US). ISBN: 978-94-007-1554-7, pp: 153. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1554-7.
Patang, F., Soegianto, A., & Heriyanto, S. (2018). Benthic Macroinvertebrates Diversity as Bioindicator of Water Quality of Some Rivers in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. International Journal of Ecology, 2018, 5129421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5129421.
Pramaningsih, V., Suprayogi, S., & Purnama, I.L.S. (2017). Kajian Persebaran Spasial Kualitas Air Sungai Karang Mumus, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, 7(3), 211-218. DOI: 10.29244/jpsl.7.3.211-218.
Rijaluddin, A. F., Wijayanti, F., & Haryadi, J. (2017). Struktur Komunitas di Situ Gintung, Situ Bungur dan Situ Kuru, Ciputat. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 18(2), 139-147. DOI: 10.29122/jtl.v18i2.1613.
Roziaty, E., Kusumadani, A. I., & Aryani, I. (2017). Biologi Lingkungan. Muhammadiyah University Press, Surakarta. ISBN: 978-602-361-096-9, pp: 246.
Sanchez, A.E.R, Romero, A.J.R., Diaz, J.E.S., Lopez, E.L., & Sundermann, A. (2022). Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Rivers Influenced by Mining Activities. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 3209. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06869-2.
Sari, D.P., Azizah, A., & Baihaqi, J.A.N. (2022). Kajian Fungsi Ekologis dan Estetis Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kawasan Rawan Banjir, Studi Kasus: RTH Kawasan Pasar Segiri, Sub DAS Karang Mumus, Kota Samarinda. Jurnal Arsitektur Zonasi, 5(2), 281-288. DOI: 10.17509/jaz.v5i2.41707.
Sarikar, S. & Vijaykumar, K. (2022). Monitoring of Water Quality Using Aquatic Insects as Biological Indicators in Bhosga Reservoir, Karnataka, India. Advances in Zoology and Botany, 10(4), 82-92. DOI: 10.13189/azb.2022.100402.
Septyawan, A.Y., Pramaningsih, V., & Hansen. (2022). Analisis Status Mutu Air Sungai Karang Mumus dan Dampak Kesehatan Segmen Tanah Datar dan Waduk Benanga Kota Samarinda. EnviroScienteae, 18 (3), 125-133. DOI: 10.20527/es.v18i3.14811.
Siagian, E.T., Manik, R.R.D.S., & Sinaga, M.P. (2023). Studi Keanekaragaman Makrozoobentos di Sungai Tanjung Pinggir Kecamatan Siantar Martoba Kota Pematang Siantar Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Wilayah, Kota, dan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan. 2(2), 10-27. DOI:10.58169/jwikal.v2i2.223.
Sudarmo, A.P., Ali, M., Anggraeni, D.P., Dwirastina, M., Ditya, Y.C., Makri. Makmur, S., Kaban, S., & Samuel. (2023). Assessing Benthic Community and Water Quality as the Bioindicator of Environment in Semayang Lake East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 32(5), 4281-4290. DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/168222.
Supriatna, J. (2023). Biologi Terapan Untuk Masa Depan dan Kemajuan Bangsa. Pustaka Obor Indonesia, Jakarta. ISBN: 9786233212137, pp: 454.
Thaware, V.H. (2023). Study of Aquatic Insects, Their Role in Improving Biodiversity and Balancing the Food Web of A Freshwater Ecosystem at Karadkhed Dam in Nanded, Maharashtra. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 11(1), 173-176. DOI: 0.22271/j.ento.2023.v11.i1c.9153.
Tockner, K. (2021). Freshwaters: Global Distribution, Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services, and Human Pressures. In: Bogardi, J.J., et al. Handbook of Water Resources Management: Discourses, Concepts and Examples. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60147-8_16.
Tovar, C.M.S., Ortega, M.R., Juen, L. & Aguilar, A.C. (2024). From The Forest to The City: The Persistence of Dragonflies and Damselflies in the Urban Jungle. Biodiversity and Conservation, 33, 91-113. DOI: 10.1007/s10531-023-02733-5.
Vikriansyah, M.F. Prasetyo, H.D., & Latuconsina, H. (2025). Status Kualitas Air Sungai Berdasarkan Variasi Famili Biotik Indeks di Sungai Jilu Kota Malang – Jawa Timur. Journal of Aquatic Resources and Fisheries Management, 6(1), 9-16. DOI: 10.29244/HAJ.6.1.9.
Widayanti, D. S., Zaman, K., & Wahyudi, E. (2017). Kajian Kondisi Biofisik Daerah Tangkapan Air Potensi dan Pemanfaatan Waduk Benanga di Wilayah Kota Samarinda. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai Secara Terpadu, 27 November, Pekanbaru, pp: 149-162.
Wishnu, N.P., Hartati, R., Suprijatno, J., Soenardjo, N., & Santosa, G.W. (2020). Komunitas Makrozoobentos pada Substrat Dasar Lunak di Muara Sungai Wulan, Demak. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 9(1): 19-26. DOI: 10.14710/buloma.v9i1.27431.
Yuliandari, W. (2018). Penilaian Kualitas Air Sungai Sampean di Jawa Timur Menggunakan Metode Fisik Kimia dan Bioassessment dengan Makroinvertebrata. Tesis, Teknik Lingkungan, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya.
Zaghloul, A., Saber, M., Gadow, S., & Awad, F. (2020). Biological Indocators for Pollution Detection in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystem. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 44(127), 1-11. DOI: 10.1186/s42269-020-00385-x.
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Budiman Budiman, Khairunnisa Luthfiah, Fatmawati Patang
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
