Analysis of Secondary Metabolite Compounds in Combination Extract of Red Castor Leaves (Jatropha gossypiifolia L) and Butterfly Pea Flowers (Clitoria ternatea L)
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11559Published:
2026-03-01Downloads
Abstract
Red physic nut leaves (Jatropha gossypifolia L.) and butterfly pea flowers (Clitoria ternatea L.) are medicinal plants known to contain various secondary metabolites with potential applications in the pharmaceutical field. Secondary metabolites such play an important role as natural bioactive compounds. This study aimed to determine the presence of secondary metabolite compounds in the extracts of red physic nut leaves and butterfly pea flowers through phytochemical screening tests. This research was an experimental laboratory study. Samples of red physic nut leaves and butterfly pea flowers were dried, powdered, and extracted using the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent for 3 × 24 hours with periodic stirring. The filtrate obtained from maceration was filtered and evaporated to obtain a thick extract. The extracts were then qualitatively analyzed using phytochemical screening methods to detect alkaloids (Mayer, Wagner, and Dragendorff reagents), flavonoids (Shinoda test), saponins (foam test), tannins (FeCl₃ test), as well as steroids and terpenoids (Liebermann–Burchard test). The phytochemical screening results showed that the extracts of red physic nut leaves and butterfly pea flowers were positive for several groups of secondary metabolites. Both extracts were identified to contain flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, while alkaloids, steroids, and terpenoids showed varying results in each extract. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that red physic nut leaves and butterfly pea flowers have the potential to serve as sources of natural bioactive compounds for further natural product–based research.
Keywords:
Clitoria ternatea L. Ethanol extract Jatropha gossypifolia L. Phytochemical screening Secondary metabolitesReferences
Arivo, D., & Dwiningtyas, A. W. (2017). Uji Sensitivitas Antibiotik Terhadap Escherichia coli Penyebab Infeksi Saluran Kemih. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.33024/.v4i4.1321
Bria, D. I., Missa, H., & Sombo, I. T. (2022). Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Escherichia Coli Pada Bahan Pangan Berbasis Daging Di Kota Kupang Pendahuluan Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 1996 Tentang Pangan Dan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2004. Jurnal Sains Dan Terapan, 1(2), 82–89. Https://Doi.Org/Doi.Org/10.55784/Juster.V1i2.179
Emilia, I., Setiawan, A. A., Novianti, D., Mutiara, D., & Rangga, R. (2023). Skrining fitokimia ekstrak daun sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.) secara infundasi dan maserasi. Indobiosains, 95-102. Https://Doi.Org/Doi.Org/10.31851/Indobiosains.V5i2.12597
Harahap, N. I. (2019). Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Kemih di RSU Datu Beru Takengon. JIFI (Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Imelda), 2(2), 69-74. https://jurnal.uimedan.ac.id/index.php/JURNALFARMASI/article/view/200
Hidayati, H. D. (2024). Phytochemical screening of secondary metabolite compounds in ethanol extract of castor bean (Jatropha multifida L.) leaf. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 1(2), 61-72. https://journal.dea-publishing.id/index.php/ijpr/article/view/100
Hutasoit, D. P. (2020). Pengaruh sanitasi makanan dan kontaminasi bakteri Escherichia coli terhadap penyakit diare. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 9(2), 779-786. https://www.jurnalsandihusada.polsaka.ac.id/JIKSH/article/view/399
Ibrahim, A. H., Hasan, H., & Pakaya, M. S. (2021). Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Daya Hambat Ektrak Daun Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Epidermidis dan Escherichia Coli. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 1(2), 107-118. https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v1i2.10547
Kashyap, A., Malakar, M., & Dutta, I. (2024). Annals Of The National Academy Of Medical Sciences ( India ) Bacterial Etiology Among Diarrheal Cases, 60(4), 273–277. Https://Doi.Org/10.25259/Anams
Kesumasari, N. M., Napitupulu, M., & Jura, M. R. (2018). Analisis kadar flavonoid pada batang jarak pagar (jatropha curcas l.), jarak merah (jatropha gossypifolia l.), dan jarak kepyar (ricinus communis l.). Jurnal Akademika Kimia, 7(1), 28-31. 10.22487/j24775185.2018.v7.i1.10387
Nugrahani, A. W., Islami, L. F. N., & Khumaidi, A. (2021). Aktivitas Antidiare Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jarak Merah (Jatropha Gossypifolia) Pada Mencit Yang Diinduksi Bakteri Escherichia Coli. Jurnal Veteriner, 22(3), 414–421. Https://Doi.Org/10.19087/Jveteriner.2021.22.3.414
Nurgustiyanti, N., Abriyani, E., & Mursal, I. L. P. (2021). Skrining Fitokimia Dari Ekstrak Daun Bunga Telang (Clitoria Ternatea L.) Dan Uji Antibakteri Terhadap Escherichia Coli. Jurnal Buana Farma, 1(4), 21–28. Https://Doi.Org/10.36805/Jbf.V1i4.266
Nursifa, A. F., Hafiz, M. I., Amalia, N. S., Maulidina, N. F., Choironissa, N. S., Salma, N. N., ... & Sopiah, P. (2025). Mekanisme Escherichia coli dalam Patogenesis Infeksi Saluran Kemih: Literature Review. Jurnal Penelitian Inovatif, 5(2), 1496-1506. https://doi.org/10.54082/jupin.1480
Puluhulawa, L. E., & Paneo, M. A. (2024). Peningkatan Pemahaman Masyarakat Mengenai Penyakit Akibat Infeksi Di Puskesmas Kota Timur Gorontalo. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Farmasi : Pharmacare Society, 3(1), 1–6. Https://Doi.Org/10.37905/Phar.Soc.V3i1.24944
Rahmat, W., Akune, K., & Sabir, M. (2019). Demam Tifoid dengan Komplikasi Sepsis: Pengertian, Epidemiologi, Patogenesis, dan Sebuah Laporan Kasus. Jurnal Medical Profession (MedPro), 1(3), 220-225. https://jurnal.fk.untad.ac.id/index.php/medpro/article/view/442
Safitri, Y., Gultom, W. R., Tobing, D. A. L., & Sianturi, D. R. (2024). Potensi Escherichia Coli Sebagai Resistansi Antibiotik. Algoritma: Jurnal Matematika, Ilmu pengetahuan Alam, Kebumian dan Angkasa, 2(5), 08-20. https://doi.org/10.62383/algoritma.v2i5.109
Sardi, A. (2021). Infeksi nosokomial: Jenis infeksi dan patogen penyebabnya. In Seminar Nasional Riset Kedokteran (Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 117-125). https://www.m3yapindo.com/jurnal/1796/articles/67634
Susanti, S. F., & Fithriyah, N. (2018). Studi Literatur Uji Efektivitas Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Jarak Merah (Jatropha Gossypifolia L.) , Lidah Buaya (Aloe Vera L.) Dan Sirih Hijau (Piper Betle L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus Aureus. Jurnal Sains, 12(1), 40–49.
Torokano, S., Khumaidi, A., & Nugrahani, A. W. (2018). Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jarak Merah (Jatropha Gossypifolia) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia Coli Dan Staphylococcus Aureus Antibacterial Activity Of Ethanol Extract Jatropha Gossypifolia L. Leaves Againts Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus. Natural Science: Journal Of Science And Technology Issn, 7(1), 117–126.
Tridesianti, S., Kusumorini, A., & Putri Malika, A. (2025a). Kandungan Senyawa Ekstrak Daun Jarak Merah (Jatropha Gossypifolia L.) Dan Potensinya Sebagai Antibakteri. Jurnal Ilmiah Biosaintropis (Bioscience-Tropic), 10(2), 46–53. Https://Doi.Org/Doi.Org/10.33474/Ejbst.V10i2.614.
Wibisono, F. J. (2015). Potensi Escherichia Coli sebagai" Foodborne Zoonotic Disease". VITEK: Bidang Kedokteran Hewan, 5, 55-61.
Widhowati, D., Musayannah, B. G., & Nussa, O. R. P. A. (2022). Efek Ekstrak Bunga Telang (Clitoria Ternatea) Sebagai Anti Bakteri Alami Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus. Vitek : Bidang Kedokteran Hewan, 12(1), 17–21. Https://Doi.Org/10.30742/Jv.V12i1.99
Widiya, E., Mita, N., & Ardana, M. (2018). Pengaruh Suhu Dan Lama Penyimpanan Terhadap Stabilitas Warna Sari Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus Polyrhizus Brriton And Rose). Mulawarman Pharmaceutical Conference, (November), 20–21. Https://Doi.Org/Doi.Org/10.25026/Mpc.V8i1.299
Widyasanti, A., & Febrianti, F. (2024). Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Bunga Telang (Clitoria Ternatea L) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus Dan Escherichia Coli. Rekayasa: Journal Of Science And Technology, 17(2), 198–205. Retrieved From Https://Doi.Org/10.21107/Rekayasa.V17i2.22348
Wuwuti, I. S., Kuntaman, & Wasito, E. B. (2022). Risk Factors Of Urinary Tract Infections Caused By Extended-Spectrum Β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia Coli In Inpatients At A Tertiary Hospital In Surabaya, Indonesia. Folia Medica Indonesiana, 58(3), 208–214. Https://Doi.Org/10.20473/Fmi.V58i3.15982
Zahara, M. (2022). Ulasan Singkat: Deskripsi Kembang Telang (Clitoria Ternatea L.) Dan Manfaatnya. Jurnal Jeumpa, 9(2), 719–728. Https://Doi.Org/10.33059/Jj.V9i2.6509
Zhai, Q., Li, S., Zhang, L., Yang, Y., Jiang, S., & Cao, Y. (2022). Changes In Pathogens Of Neonatal Bacterial Meningitis Over The Past 12 Years: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. Translational Pediatrics, 11(10), 1595–1603. Https://Doi.Org/10.21037/Tp-22-103
Zikra, W., Amir, A., & Putra, A. E. (2018). Identifikasi bakteri escherichia coli (e. coli) pada air minum di rumah makan dan cafe di Kelurahan Jati serta Jati Baru Kota Padang. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 7(2), 212-216. https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v7i2.804
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Bq Dinda Ayuni Rusma Putri, Sabariah Sabariah, Setio Rini, Nyoman Cahyadi Tri Setiawan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
