Association Between BRCA1 Expression Status and Lymph Node Status in Breast Cancer Patients in NTB
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11744Published:
2026-05-19Downloads
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women in Indonesia, with incidence and mortality rates continuing to rise. One important factor in the development of this disease is the involvement of BRCA1 gene expression. Disruption of BRCA1 gene function plays a role in tumorigenesis. In addition, axillary lymph node status is an important prognostic factor that determines disease stage and progression. However, the relationship between BRCA1 expression and lymph node involvement is still inconsistent, requiring further research to clarify its association. This study aimed to determine the relationship between BRCA1 expression and lymph node status in breast cancer. This research was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. BRCA1 expression was assessed using the H-Score method and classified into high expression (H-Score >100) and low expression (H-Score ≤100). Lymph node status was categorized as negative (N−) or positive (N+). Data from 42 breast cancer samples were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that 19 patients (45.2%) had low BRCA1 expression, while 23 patients (54.8%) had high BRCA1 expression. Based on lymph node status, 12 patients (28.6%) were classified as N− and 30 patients (71.4%) as N+. Statistical analysis demonstrated no significant association between BRCA1 expression and lymph node status (p=0.096). In conclusion, BRCA1 expression cannot yet be used as a strong indicator in determining lymph node status in breast cancer patients in NTB.
Keywords:
BRCA1 expression Breast cancer Lymph node statusReferences
Agarwal, P., Khan, F., Gupta, S., Bhalla, S., Thomas, A., Anand, A., ... & Sonkar, A. A. (2022). Co-relation of hormonal profile and BRCA1 in sporadic breast carcinoma: A single institutional experience of 303 patients. Clinical Pathology, 15, 2632010X221076379. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/2632010X221076379.
Ehteshami Bejnordi, B., Veta, M., Johannes van Diest, P., Van Ginneken, B., Karssemeijer, N., Litjens, G., ... & Venâncio, R. (2017). Diagnostic assessment of deep learning algorithms for detection of lymph node metastases in women with breast cancer. Jama, 318(22), 2199-2210. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.14585.
Darbeheshti, F., Izadi, P., Razavi, A. N. E., Yekaninejad, M. S., & Bazzaz, J. T. (2018). Comparison of BRCA1 expression between triple-negative and luminal breast tumors. Iranian biomedical journal, 22(3), 210. Available at: https://doi.org/10.22034/ibj.22.3.210.
DINKES NTB (2024) Profil Kesehatan Nusa Tenggara Barat Tahun 2023. https://dinkes.ntbprov.go.id/profil-kesehatan/.
Grandal, B., Evrevin, C., Laas, E., Jardin, I., Rozette, S., Laot, L., ... & Hamy, A. S. (2020). Impact of BRCA mutation status on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), response to treatment, and prognosis in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cancers, 12(12), 3681. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123681.
Hallajian, Z., Mahjoubi, F., & Nafissi, N. (2017). Simultaneous ATM/BRCA1/RAD51 expression variations associated with prognostic factors in Iranian sporadic breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer, 24(4), 624-634. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12282-016-0750-z.
Huszno, J., & Kolosza, Z. (2019). Molecular characteristics of breast cancer according to clinicopathological factors. Molecular and clinical oncology, 11(2), 192-200. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2019.1869.
Irianiwati, I., Gurky, T. C., Anwar, S. L., Bawono, R. G., & Dwianingsih, E. K. (2025). Correlation between BRCA1 expression and the advanced stage of triple-negative breast cancer. Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 22(4), 32. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2025.2827.
Issac, R. M., Saldanha, P., Mathai, J. M., Mathews, R., Kumari, B., & Chacko, T. (2021). Potential role of BRCA1 protein expression as a prognostic tissue biomarker in breast carcinoma: an immunohistochemical and clinicopathologic study from South India. Oncology in Clinical Practice, 17(5), 205-211. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5603/OCP.2021.0031.
Jin, T. Y., Park, K. S., Nam, S. E., Yoo, Y. B., Park, W. S., & Yun, I. J. (2022). BRCA1/2 serves as a biomarker for poor prognosis in breast carcinoma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(7), 3754. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073754.
Kemenkes RI (2023) Panduan Pelaksanaan Hari Kanker Sedunia 2023. https://ayosehat.kemkes.go.id/buku-panduan-pelaksanaan-hari-kanker-sedunia-2023.
Kim, M. C., Choi, J. E., Lee, S. J., & Bae, Y. K. (2016). Coexistent loss of the expressions of BRCA1 and p53 predicts poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. Annals of surgical oncology, 23(11), 3524-3530. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-016-5307-z.
Ladoire, S., Enot, D., Andre, F., Zitvogel, L., & Kroemer, G. (2016). Immunogenic cell death-related biomarkers: Impact on the survival of breast cancer patients after adjuvant chemotherapy. Oncoimmunology, 5(2), e1082706. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2015.1082706.
Leaf, S., Carlsen, L., & El-Deiry, W. S. (2021). Opposing effects of BRCA1 mRNA expression on patient survival in breast and colorectal cancer and variations among African American, Asian, and younger patients. Oncotarget, 12(20), 1992. Available at: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28082
Li, L., Li, S., Zhang, X., Mei, L., Fu, X., Dai, M., & Wei, N. (2024). Establishing the role of BRCA1 in the diagnosis, prognosis and immune infiltrates of breast invasive cancer by bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Aging (Albany NY), 16(2), 1077. Available at: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.205366.
Li, Q., Wei, W., Jiang, Y. I., Yang, H., & Liu, J. (2015). Promoter methylation and expression changes of BRCA1 in cancerous tissues of patients with sporadic breast cancer. Oncology letters, 9(4), 1807-1813. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.2908.
Mahmoud, A. M., Macias, V., Al-Alem, U., Deaton, R. J., Kadjaksy-Balla, A., Gann, P. H., & Rauscher, G. H. (2017). BRCA1 protein expression and subcellular localization in primary breast cancer: Automated digital microscopy analysis of tissue microarrays. PloS one, 12(9), e0184385. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184385.
Min, S. K., Lee, S. K., Woo, J., Jung, S. M., Ryu, J. M., Yu, J., ... & Nam, S. J. (2021). Relation between tumor size and lymph node metastasis according to subtypes of breast cancer. Journal of Breast Cancer, 24(1), 75. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4048/jbc.2021.24.e4.
Naimi, A., Saberi, F., & Amjadi, E. (2025). Immunohistochemical analysis of clinicopathological predictors for BRCA1 protein alterations in invasive breast carcinoma; a cross-sectional study. Immunopathologia Persa, 12(1), e43787-e43787. Available at: https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2025.43787.
Savage, K. I., & Harkin, D. P. (2015). BRCA 1, a ‘complex’protein involved in the maintenance of genomic stability. The FEBS journal, 282(4), 630-646. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.13150.
Soman, P. S., Hemalatha, A., & Sreeramulu, P. N. (2023). Expression of BRCA1 by immunohistochemistry and its association with ER, PR, Her2neu status in infiltrative ductal carcinoma of breast. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 19(Suppl 2), S706-S711. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_639_22.
Stoppa-Lyonnet, D. (2016). The biological effects and clinical implications of BRCA mutations: where do we go from here?. European Journal of Human Genetics, 24(1), S3-S9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2016.93.
Sundari, E., Utami, S., & Ariestanti, Y. (2022). Faktor-faktor yang berperan pada perilaku SADARI wanita usia subur di Tempat Praktek Mandiri Bidan (TPMB) Endang Sundari Bekasi Tahun 2022. Jurnal Ilmiah Bidan, 6(4), 36-46. Available at: https://doi.org/10.61720/jib.v6i3.328.
Takaoka, M., & Miki, Y. (2018). BRCA1 gene: function and deficiency. International journal of clinical oncology, 23(1), 36-44. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-017-1182-2.
Tang, C., Wang, P., Li, X., Zhao, B., Yang, H., Yu, H., & Li, C. (2017). Lymph node status have a prognostic impact in breast cancer patients with distant metastasis. PloS one, 12(8), e0182953. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182953.
Verma, D., Agarwal, K., & Tudu, S. K. (2018). Expression of breast cancer type 1 and its relation with expression of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu in breast carcinoma on trucut biopsy specimens. Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 61(1), 31-38. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_393_16.
Wang, H., Xiang, D., Liu, B., He, A., Randle, H. J., Zhang, K. X., ... & Livingston, D. M. (2019). Inadequate DNA damage repair promotes mammary transdifferentiation, leading to BRCA1 breast cancer. Cell, 178(1), 135-151. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.06.002WHO (2022a) Breast Cancer in the World. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer.
WHO (2022b) ‘Estimated number of breast cancer deaths from 2022 to 2045, Females, age [0-85+] in Indonesia’. Available at: https://gco.iarc.who.int/media/globocan/factsheets/populations/360-indonesia-fact-sheet.pdf.
WHO (2022c) ‘Estimated number of breast cancer new cases from 2022 to 2045, Females, age [0-85+] in Indonesia’. Available at: https://gco.iarc.fr/tomorrow/en/dataviz/bubbles.
Ye, F., Huang, L., Lang, G., Hu, X., Di, G., Shao, Z., & Cao, A. (2020). Outcomes and risk of subsequent breast events in breast‐conserving surgery patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation. Cancer Medicine, 9(5), 1903-1910. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2836.
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ida Bagus Wisnu Wikananda, Rizka Vidya Lestari, Fathul Djannah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
