Bioaccumulation of Cadmium in Channa striata Fish from the Miai River, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v26i2.11791Published:
2026-06-03Downloads
Abstract
The Miai River in Banjarmasin is a habitat for the snakehead fish (Channa striata) located in a densely populated area with high human activity, potentially polluted by heavy metals such as cadmium. This study is important to monitor heavy metal concentration & their risks to the health & sustainability of the river ecosystem. The method used was purposive sampling with samples in the form of river water & snakehead fish (C. striata) at two different stations. Heavy metal analysis used Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that kadmium concentration in water & fish at both stations were still safe or below the established quality st&ards. There was a significant negative correlation between the two (r=-0.472) & between cadmium concentration in fish & fish weight (r:-0.424). The conclusion of this study is that cadmium concentration in water can reduce fish quality & potentially pose a health risk to humans. The implications of this study emphasize the need for routine monitoring & preventive measures for heavy metal contamination.
Keywords:
Bioaccumulation Bioconcentration Cadmium Channa striataReferences
Ali, H.; Khan, E. & Ilahi, I. (2019). Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Hazardous Heavy Metals: Environmental Persistence, Toxicity, and Bioaccumulation. Journal of Chemistry, 2019(1): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6730305
Authman, M.M.N.; Zaki, M.S.; Khallaf, E.A. & Abbas, H. (2015). Use of Fish as Bio-indicator of the Effects of Heavy Metals Pollution. Journal Aquaculture Research and Development, 6(4): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000328
Azzahra, Y.; Santoso, H.B. & Muhamat (2025). Assessment of Lead (Pb) Bioaccumulation in Seluang Fish (Rasbora sp.) & Water Quality Analysis in Miai River. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 25(1): 827-834. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v25i1.8553
Banaee, M.; Beitsayah, A.; Prokić, M.D.; Petrović, T.G.; Zeidi, A. & Faggio, C. (2023). Effects of cadmium chloride & biofertilizer (Bacilar) on biochemical parameters of freshwater fish, Alburnus mossulensis. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology Part C, 268: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109614
Budiman, B.T.P.; Dhahiyat, Y. dan Hamdani, H. (2012). Bioakumulasi Logam Berat Pb pada Daging Ikan yang Tertangkap di Sungai Citarum Hulu. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan, 3(4): 261-270.
Das, S.; Kar, I. & Patra, A.K. (2023). Cadmium induced bioaccumulation, histopathology, gene regulation in fish & its amelioration – A review. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine & Biology, 79: 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127202
El-Sharkawy, M.; Alotaibi, M.O.; Li, J.; Du, D. & Mahmoud, E. (2025). Heavy Metal Pollution in Coastal Environments: Ecological Implications & Management Strategies: A Review. Sustainability, 17(701): 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17020701
Halang, B. (2022). Kadmium Pada Air dan Ikan Lundu Sungai Barito Kawasan Banjar Raya. In: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biologi FMIPA UNM. Makassar. pp. 475-483.
He, Y.; Fang, H.; Pan, X.; Zhu, B.; Chen, J.; Wang, J.; Zhang, R.; Chen, L.; Qi, X. & Zhang, H. (2023). Cadmium Exposure in Aquatic Products & Health Risk Classification Assessment in Residents of Zhejiang, China. Foods, 12(3094): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12163094
Iwegbue, C.M.A.; Emakunu, O.S.; Lari, B.; Egobuese, F.E.; Tesi, G.O.; Nwajei, G.E. & Martincigh, B.S. (2019). Risk of human exposure to metals in some household hygienic products in Nigeria. Toxicology Reports, 6: 914-923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.08.014
Jais, N.; Ikhtiar, M.; Gafur, A.; Abbas, H.H. dan Hidayat (2020). Bioakumulasi Logam Berat Kadmium (Cd) dan Kromium (Cr) yang Terdapat Dalam Air dan Ikan Di Sungai Tallo Makassar. Window of Public Health Journal, 1(3): 261-274. https://doi.org/10.33096/woph.v1i3.65
Jaishankar, M.; Tseten, T.; Anbalagan, N.; Mathew, B.B. & Beeregowda, K.N. Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.2478/intox-2014-0009
Vörösmarty, C.J.; Mclntyre, P.B.; Gessner, M.O.; Dudgeon, D.; Prusevich, A.; Green, P.; Glidden, S.; Bunn, S.E.; Sullivan, C.A.; Liermann, C.R. & Davies, P.M. (2010). Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity. Nature, 467: 555-561. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09440
Jiang, X., Wang, J., Pan, B., Li, D., Wang, Y., & Liu, X. (2022). Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in freshwater fish of Dongting Lake, China: Effects of feeding habits, habitat preferences & body size. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 112: 355-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2021.05.004
Khatoon, N., Ali, S., Hussain, A., Huang, J., Yu, Z., & Liu, H. (2024). Human health risks assessment of toxic metals via water, food, & soil: A case study of Northern areas (Ghizer & Gilgit) of Pakistan. Result in Engineering, 24: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103333
Komala, P.S., Azhari, R.M., Hapsari, F.Y., Edwin, T., Ihsan, T., Zulkarnaini, dan Harefa, M. (2022). Comparison of bioconcentration factor of heavy metals between endemic fish & aquacultured fish in Maninjau Lake, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 23(8): 4026-4032. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230821
Laudiño, F.A., Agtong, R.J.M., Elvira, M.V., Fukuyama, M., & Jumawan, J.C. (2023). Accumulation of heavy metals on the muscles of striped snakehead murrel Channa striata in Lake Mainit, Philippines, & the association of its consumption on human health. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, 10: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2023.100269
Lee, J.W., Jo, A.H., Kang, Y.J., Lee, D., Choi, C.Y., Kang, J.C., & Kim, J.H. (2025). Review of Cadmium Bioaccumulation in Fish Exposed to Cadmium. Toxics, 13(7): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13010007
Legiarsi, K., Khairuddin, & Yamin, M. (2022). Analysis of Cadmium (Cd) Heavy Metal Content in Headsnake Fish (Channa striata) Derived from Rawa Taliwang Lake, West Sumbawa Regency 2021. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 22(2): 595-601. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v22i2.3509
Li, D., Pan, B., Wang, Y., Han, X., & Lu, Y. (2023). Bioaccumulation & health risks of multiple trace metals in fish species from the heavily sediment-laden Yellow River. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 188: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114664
Lipy, E.P., Hakim, M., Mohanta, L.C., Islam, D., Lyzu, C., Roy, D.C., Jahan, I., Akhter, S., Raknuzzaman, M., & Sayed, M. A. (2021). Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in Water, Sediment & Common Fish Species of Dhaleshwari River in Bangladesh & their Health Implications. Biological Trace Element Research, 199: 4295-4307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02552-7
Liu, Y., Chen, Q., Li, Y., Bi, L., Jin, L., & Peng, R. (2022). Toxic Effects of Cadmium on Fish (Review). Toxics, 10(622): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10100622
Lukmanulhakim, R.C., Hidayati, N.V., dan Baedowi, M. (2023). Analisis K&ungan Logam Berat Kadmium (Cd) dan Kromium (Cr) pada Matriks Air di Sungai Pelus Kabupaten Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Maiyah, 2(1): 41-50. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.maiyah.2023.2.1.8295
Luo, W., Wang, D., Xu, Z., Liao, G., Chen, D., Huang, X., Wang, Y., Yang, S., Zhao, L., Huang, H., Li, Y., Wei, W., Long, Y., & Du, Z. (2020). Effects of cadmium pollution on the safety of rice & fish in a rice-fish coculture system. Environment International, 143: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105898
Moiseenko, T.I., & Gashkina, N.A. (2020). Distribution & bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Hg, Cd & Pb) in fish: influence of the aquatic environment & climate. Environmental Research Letters, 15: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abbf7c
Najihah, N., dan Rachmadiarti, F. (2023). Analisis Kadar Logam Berat Kadmium (Cd) pada Tumbuhan Air di Sungai. Lentera Bio, 12(2): 239-247. https://doi.org/10.26740/lenterabio.v11n3.p414-422
Nurwahdania, Khairuddin, & Yamin, M. (2024). Analysis of Cadmium (Cd) Levels in Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) from Ponds in Palibelo. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 24(3): 784-790. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v24i3.7456
Parvez, I., Ahmed, S., Tasnim, N., Pervin, R., Alam, M.A., Khan, M.N., Ara, Y., Rashid, H., & Pradit, S. (2025). Heavy metal contamination in freshwater habitats impairs the growth & reproductive health of wild spotted snakehead Channa punctata (Channidae) in Bangladesh. Heliyon, 11: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42543
Pebriani, M., Barus, T.A., & Ilyas, S. (2022). Fish diversity & heavy metal accumulation of Pb, Cu & Zn after Mount Sinabung Eruption in Benuken River, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 23(1): 187-194. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230124
Pinkey, P.D., Nesha, M., Bhattacharjee, S., Chowdhury, M.A.Z., Fardous, Z., Bari, L., & Koley, N.J. (2024). Toxicity risks associated with heavy metals to fish species in the Transboundary River – Linked Ramsar Conservation Site of Tanguar Haor, Bangladesh. Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety, 269: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115736
Purnaini, R., & Saziati, O. (2023). Potential of Heavy Metal Pollution (Cd) in the Kapuas Kecil River. Jurnal Presipitasi, 20(1): 77-84. https://doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v20i1.77-84
Sachchu, M.M.H., Hasan, M., Hossain, M.K., Ahmed, S., Eva, T.N., Lima, M.N.J., Hossain, A., & Alam, M.A. (2025). Heavy metal contamination in Pangas Catfish of farm ponds aquaculture in different locations in Bangladesh: A risk assessment study. Food Chemistry Advances, 8: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2025.101044
Sadeghpour, A., Jamili, S., Khara, H., Mashinchian, A., & Jamshidi, S. (2025). Expression of metallothionein gene in kidney tissue of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) after exposure to cadmium chloride. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 24(2): 333-351.
Saputri, A., Khairuddin, & Yamin, M. (2023). Analysis of Cadmium (Cd) Heavy Metal Content in Mosambique Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) Derived from Rawa Taliwang Lake to Enrich Ecotoxicology Lecture Material in 2022. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 23(2): 390-397. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i2.4845
Septiana, A., Khairuddin, & Yamin, M. (2024). Analysis of Heavy Metal Cadmium (Cd) Content in Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) from Lake Rawa Taliwang. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(3): 1349-1385. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i3.7323
Setyono, P., Sunarhadi, R.M.A., Putri, D.S., Fauziah, I., &rianto, R., Sari, Y.D., & Firdausi, E. (2024). Analysis of cadmium (Cd) & iron (Fe) heavy metal content in the river around Putri Cempo landfill, Surakarta. IOP Conference Series: Earth & Environmental Science, 1414: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1414/1/012006
Silrat, K., Yottiam, A., Leelakun, P., Vibhatab&hu, P., & Srithongouthai, S. (2024). Effects of tidal current on pollution load index & potential risk of heavy metals in water column of the Chao Phraya River estuary. E3S Web Conference, 557: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202455701002
Simfukwe, K., Jere, W., & Msukwa, A.V. (2025). Heavy metal contamination in riverine fish from the Lilongwe River, Malawi: Implications for human health risk. Environmental Pollution & Management, 2: 163-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epm.2025.06.003
Sulaiman, M.A., Zafar, M.M., Divya, Anjum, S., Gaurav, K., Sinha, R.K., & Kumari, A. (2025). Deciphering the accumulation of potentially toxic metals & their relation with size in the five commercially important fish species from the middle stretch of the River Ganga. Next Research, 2: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100650
Sulistyowati, L., Nurhasanah, N., Riani, E., & Cordova, M.R. (2023). Heavy metals concentration in the sediment of the aquatic environment caused by the leachate discharge from a l&fill. Global Journal of Environmental Science & Management (GJESM), 9(2): 323-336. https://doi.org/10.22034/gjesm.2023.02.11
USEPA (1991). Technical Support Document For Water Quality-based Toxics Control (EPA/505/2–90-001). Washington D.C.
Wang, H., & He, G. (2022). Rivers: Linking nature, life, & civilization. River, 1: 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1002/rvr2.7
Wang, S., Xie, S., Zhang, C., Pan, Z., Sun, D., Zhou, A., Xu, G., & Zou, J. (2022). Interactions effects of nano-microplastics & heavy metals in hybrid snakehead (Channa maculata ♀ × Channa argus ♂). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 124: 74-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.045
Xue, Y., Huang, J., Wang, J.Q, & Li, F.Y. (2023). Tissue-Specific Accumulation & Depuration of Cadmium in Tilapia: Role of Salinity & Cadmium Concentration. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, 21(5): 4177-4194. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2105_41774194
Yin, X., Wei, R., Chen, H., Zhu, C., Liu, Y., Wen, H., Guo, Q., & Ma, J. (2021). Cadmium isotope constraints on heavy metal sources in a riverine system impacted by multiple anthropogenic activities. Science of the Total Environment, 750: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141233
Yousif, M.I., Al-Swefee, D., & Jabbar, M.H. (2023). Determination of some heavy metals concentration in selected liquid soap, fruit & vegetable sterilizers used in Baghdad, Iraq. IASR Journal of Agriculture & Life Science (IJALS), 3(3): 1-8.
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurhilaliyyah Nurhilaliyyah, Heri Budi Santoso, Muhamat Muhamat, Hameda Dhaka Kusuma Taufiq

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.























