Evaluation of The Effectiveness of Watershed Rehabilitation in West Lombok District
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v26i2.12468Published:
2026-06-22Downloads
Abstract
The watershed (DAS) in West Lombok Regency has experienced environmental degradation due to land-use conversion and unsustainable agricultural practices in upstream areas, resulting in increased critical land, erosion, and declining hydrological functions. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of watershed rehabilitation programs, assess their impacts on vegetation recovery, identify factors influencing program success, and formulate sustainable management strategies. A mixed-methods approach was employed. Quantitative analysis utilized Geographic Information System (GIS)-based remote sensing, applying the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to assess vegetation cover and the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) to estimate erosion levels. Qualitative data were collected through field observations and semi-structured interviews to evaluate community participation, institutional support, and implementation constraints. The results showed that watershed rehabilitation improved environmental conditions, as indicated by increased vegetation density, expanded canopy cover, and reduced critical land areas. The use of multipurpose tree species (MPTS), including mahogany, sengon, durian, and candlenut, was well adapted to local conditions and provided additional economic benefits through agroforestry practices. Plant survival rates were generally moderate to high. However, program effectiveness was constrained by limited maintenance funding, seasonal water shortages, livestock disturbances, and weak monitoring systems. Strong community participation and local institutional support were associated with better rehabilitation outcomes. This study concludes that integrating vegetative and mechanical conservation measures with community-based economic empowerment is essential for enhancing watershed rehabilitation effectiveness and sustaining hydrological ecosystem functions in West Lombok Regency.
Keywords:
Agroforestry Effectiveness Evaluation Remote sensing (NDVI) Watershed Rehabilitation USLEReferences
Asdak, C. (2023). Hidrologi dan pengelolaan daerah aliran sungai. Ugm Press.
BPDAS Dodokan Moyosari, Data Tutupan Lahan dan Erosi Tahun 2024
Bruijnzeel, L. A. (2004). Hydrological functions of tropical forests: Not seeing the soil for the trees? Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 104(1), 185–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.015
Chazdon, R. L., Brancalion, P. H. S., Laestadius, L., Bennett-curry, A., Buckingham, K., Kumar, C., Wilson, S. J., Moll-rocek, J., & Ce, I. (2016). When is a forest a forest ? Forest concepts and definitions in the era of forest and landscape restoration. 538–550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0772-y
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
FAO. (2020). Global Forest Resources Assessment.
Fitriandhini, D., & Putra, A. (2022). Dampak Kerusakan Ekosistem Hutan Oleh Aktivitas Manusia : Tinjauan Terhadap Keseimbangan Lingkungan Dan Keanekaragaman Hayati ( Impact Of Damage To Forest Ecosystems By Human Activities : A Review Of Environmental Balance And Biodiversity ). 3, 217–226.
Hamidah, R. H., Adhya, I., Deni, D., Hendrayana, Y., & Supartono, T. (2023). Peran masyarakat terhadap rehabilitasi hutan dan lahan: Studi di Desa Dukuhdalem, Japara, Kuningan. Logika: Jurnal Penelitian Universitas Kuningan, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.25134/logika.v14i02.7843
Ilstedt, U., Malmer, A., Verbeeten, E., & Murdiyarso, D. (2007). The effect of afforestation on water infiltration in the tropics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Forest Ecology and Management, 251(1–2), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.014
Jose, S. (2012). Agroforestry for conserving and enhancing biodiversity. Agroforestry Systems, 85(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-012-9517-5
Lal, R. (2020). Soil organic matter and water retention. Agronomy Journal, 112(5), 3265–3277. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20282
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis. sage.
Mukhtiya, L. A., Marwoto, & Hamzah. (2023). Jurnal pembangunan berkelanjutan. 6(1), 70–77.
Narendra, B. H., & Salim, A. G. (2020). Aplikasi teknologi di bidang kehutanan dalam mendukung kegiatan rehabilitasi lahan kritis untuk perbaikan fungsi daerah aliran sungai. Dalam Bunga Rampai: Dukungan IPTEK Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan dalam Pemulihan Fungsi Daerah Aliran Sungai (hlm. 23–46). IPB Press.
Narendra, B. H., Siregar, C. A., Dharmawan, I. W. S., Sukmana, A., Pramono, I. B., Basuki, T. M., Yudono, H., Hadi, S., & Supangat, A. B. (2021). A Review on Sustainability of Watershed Management in Indonesia. 1–29.
Nugroho, H. Y. S. H., Pramono, I. B., Wahyuningrum, N., & Wuryanta, A. (2018). Community participation in forest and land rehabilitation programs for sustainable watershed management in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 200(1), 012056. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/200/1/012056
Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 37 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai. (2012). Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 37 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai.
Situmorang, E. M. (2022). Efektivitas Kebijakan Refocusing Dan Realokasi Anggaran Belanja Daerah Provinsi Bengkulu Tahun 2020 Dalam Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19. 2(April), 82–105.
Talif, A., Hasanuddin, H., Abdullah, A. A., Hajawa, H., & Mukti, J. (2024). Analisis Dampak Rehabilitasi Daerah Aliran Sungai (Das) Terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Di Desa Pariwang Kabupaten Enrekang. Forest Services, 2(1), 52-66. https://pub.kehutanan.unismuh.ac.id/index.php/forces/article/view/16
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Welmy Soumena, Taslim Sjah, Hayati Hayati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
