Studi Kebiasaan Makanan Kerang Pokea (Batissa violacea var celebensis, von Martens 1897) Saat Penambangan Pasir di Sungai Pohara Sulawesi Tenggara
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v14i2.135Published:
2014-07-07Downloads
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Sungai Pohara merupakan sungai dengan kondisi produktivitas berfluktuasi yang
disebabkan oleh aktivitas penambangan pasir. Kondisi ini dapat mempengaruhi kualitas
dan kuantitas makanan kerang pokea yang mendiami segmen muara sungai ini.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis makanan berdasarkan jenis
kelamin, ukuran, spasial dan temporal di Sungai Pohara Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian
dilakukan di Sungai Pohara selama setahun dari bulan Maret 2007- Februari 2008.
Sampel pokea diambil dalam berbagai kelas ukuran sebanyak 20 ekor per stasiun dalam
sebulan selama setahun. Selanjutnya sampel lambung diamati di bawah mikroskop dan
diindetifikasi menggunakan buku Mizuno dan Edmonson. Data dianalisis secara semi
kuantitatif melalui persentase komposisi makanan dari Indeks Bagian Terbesar. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks bagian terbesar dalam lambung pokea jantan dan
betina adalah detritus. Pada daerah tanpa penambangan pasir ditemukan jenis makanan
dari kelompok plankton lebih besar dibanding daerah dengan penambangan pasir. Indeks
bagian terbesar pada lambung pokea didominasi jenis makanan plankton pada bulan
Agustus dan September seiring aktivitas reproduksi (kematangan dan pemijahan). Kerang
pokea pada kelas ukuran lebih kecil lebih banyak memfilter makanan dari jenis plankton
dan terus mengalami perubahan jenis makanan pada ukuran yang lebih besar yang lebih
banyak memanfaatkan detritus. Komposisi makanan kerang pokea mengalami perubahan
seiring dengan perubahan spasial (aktivitas penambangan pasir), temporal dan pergeseran
kelas ukuran.
Kata kunci : kerang, pokea, kebiasaan makanan, penambangan pasir, sungai pohara
ÃÂ
ABSTRACT
Fluctuated production of Pohara river is a real condition due to sand mining activity. This
condition can prominently affect the quality and quantity of food of pokea shellfish. This
research was done to know species composition of prey based on sex, size, spacial dan
temporal of Pohara river, south east Sulawesi. A full one year (Mart 2007 to February
2008) research was conducted in Pohara river. Samples of 20 individual of pokea shellfish
for each station were obtained monthly. Gastrict samples of shellfish were observed under
microscope and identified based on the books of Mizumo and Edmonson. Data were
analized semi quantitative by mean of composition percentage of food for the highest part
index.. The results showed that the highest part index in gastric of male and female pokea
shellfish was detritus. In the non sand mining area was found food in group of plankton
were much more compared to it from the mining area. During the months of August to
September, the highest part index of food in pokea gastric were dominated by plankton.
This could be caused by the reproduction activity. The small size of pokea shellfish tend to feed plankton much more than the larger size of pokea which feed of much detritus.
Food composition of pokea shellfish tends to change as the changes of spacial (sand
mining activity), temporal, and size of shellfish.
Key words : shellfish, pokea, feeding activity, and mining, pohara river
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