PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF TOMAT (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM MILL) PADA KERAGAMAN TIPE MULSA DAN DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK

Abstract

Abstract: Upaya meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman dapat dilakukan dengan aplikasi mulsa dan pupuk organik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh jenis mulsa terhadap pertumbuhan tomat, (2) pengaruh pupuk organik terhadap pertumbuhan tomat, (3) pengaruh interaksi antar jenis mulsa dan dosis pupuk organik terhadap pertumbuhan tomat. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan rancangan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah 3 jenis mulsa yaitu mulsa plastik hitam perak, mulsa jerami padi dan mulsa daun-daun kering. Faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk organik yang terdiri atas 6 level yaitu: P₀ = 0 kg àpupuk organik (kontrol), P₁ = pemberian 0,4 kg pupuk organik per 1 m^2à lahan, P₂ = pemberian 0,8 kg pupuk organik per 1 m^2à lahan, P₃ = pemberian 1,2 kg pupuk organik per 1 m^2à lahan, P₄ = pemberian 1,6 kg pupuk organik per 1 m^2à lahan, P₅ = pemberian 2,0 kg pupuk organik per 1 m^2à lahan. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan analisis sidik ragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) perbedaan jenis mulsa berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat (2) perbedaan dosis pupuk organik berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat,à (3) interaksi antara jenis mulsa dan dosis pupuk organik tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat, (4) mulsa plastik hitam perak memberikan hasil tinggi batang, panjang helaian daun dan lebar helaian daun yang lebih baik dibandingkan jenis mulsa yang lain, (5) dosis optimum pupuk organik untuk tanaman tomat adalah 1,6 kg per 1 m² lahan pertanian.

Kata kunci : mulsa, pupuk organik, pertumbuhan tomat

Abstract: Efforts to increase growth and yields can be done with the application of mulch and organic fertilizer. The purpose of this study is to find out. The research objective is to find out: (1) the effect of mulch type on tomato growth, (2) the effect of organic fertilizer on tomato growth, (2) the effect of interaction between types of mulch and the dose of organic fertilizer on tomato growth. This research used 2 factors design. The first factor is 3 types of mulch namely black silver plastic mulch, rice straw mulch and dried leaf mulch. The second factor is the dose of organic fertilizer consisting of 6 levels, namely: P₀ = 0 kg of organic fertilizer (control), P₁ = giving 0.4 kg of organic fertilizer per 1 m2 of land, P₂ = giving 0.8 kg of organic fertilizer per 1 m2 of land, P₃ = giving 1.2 kg of organic fertilizer per 1 m2 of land, P₄ = giving 1.6 kg of fertilizer organic per 1 m2 of land, P₅ = giving 2.0 kg of organic fertilizer per 1 m2 of land. Research data were analyzed by analysis of variance. The results showed that (1) the different types of mulch significantly affected the growth of tomato, (2) the difference in organic fertilizer dosages significantly affected the growth of tomato, (3) the interaction between the types of mulch and the dose of organic fertilizer did not significantly affect the growth of tomato, (4) silver black plastic mulch gives better stem height, leaf length and leaf width than other types of mulch, (5) optimum dose of organic fertilizer for tomato plants is 1.6 kg per 1 m2 of agricultural land.

Keywords: mulch, organic fertilizer, tomato growth