The Perceptions of Local Community's About Diversity of Mangrove Ecological Potential for Ecotourism Development in the South Coast of Lombok Island, Indonesia
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v21i2.2741Published:
2021-07-03Downloads
Abstract
The utilization of the coastal environment is still dominated by-products and has not yet switched to ecosystem service products, such as the use of mangrove ecosystems as ecotourism. This study aims to assess the local community's perception of the potential diversity that becomes an object for the community's economy. The research method uses surveys, observations, and interviews for social data, while the ecological data use transect and quadratic methods. Furthermore, data analysis used descriptive statistics. In addition, ecological data were analyzed using density (Ki), relative frequency (FR), diversity (H') of mangroves, and ecological indexes (Diversity (H'), Evenness (E), Dominance (D)). The results of the study found six mangrove species, ten echinoderm species, and thirteen bivalves. The highest diversity index (H') was in Poton Bako 1.80 and the Evenness index ranged from 0.80 ââ¬â 0.98 with a stable category. Biota relative dominance the association index of echinoderms is high 0.79ââ¬â0.11. Meanwhile, the bivalves Dominance index of 0.03-0.11 was low. In addition, local community's perception of mangrove conservation for ecotourism, 63% of the community stated, 7% is not possible and 30% is not. The feasible value of mangrove development is 62%, 17% is not feasible and 21% does not know. The priority developed by Eduwisata is 48%, Bird Watching is 20% and Tracking is 32%. The conclusion is that the choice of using mangrove ecosystem services can be developed as a policy in overcoming economic threats and the vulnerability of marine biota as well as solutions for local communities.
Keywords:
Perception Conservation Mangrove Ecotourism.References
Agbogidi, O. M., Ofuoku, A. U., & Dolor, D. E. (2010). Role of community Forestry in sustainable forest Management and Development: a Review. ASSET: An International Journal (Series A), 7(1): 44-54.
Al Idrus, A., Hadiprayitno G, Hamdi L & Mertha IG. (2014). Invetarisasi Flora dan fauna di Kawasan Mangrove Gili Sulat untuk Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Ekologi dan Penunjang Pariwisata. Loporan Penelitian. Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Mataram.
Al Idrus, A., Hadiprayitno G, Hamdi L & Mertha IG. (2015). Potensi Vegetasi dan Arthropoda diKawasan Mangrove Gili Sulat Lombok Timur. Biologi Tropis, 15(2): 62-70.
Al Idrus, A., Kesipudin, K., & Mertha, I. G. (2018). Aplikasi Konsep Konservasi Mangrove Untuk Pengembangan Ekowisata Di Pantai Selatan Lombok Timur. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(1).
Aheto, D. W., Kankam, S., Okyere, I., Mensah, E., Osman, A., Jonah, F. E., & Mensah, J. C. (2016). Community-based mangrove forest management: Implications for local livelihoods and coastal resource conservation along the Volta estuary catchment area of Ghana. Ocean & coastal management, 127: 43-54.
Akhrianti, I.D.G. (2014). Distribusi Spasial dan Preferensi Habitat Bivalvia di pesisir Perairan Kecamatan Simpang Pesak Kabupaten Belitung Timur. Jurnal Ilmu dan Kelautan Tropis. 6 (1): 171-185.
Al Idrus, A., Kesipudin, K., & Mertha, I. G. (2018). Aplikasi Konsep Konservasi Mangrove Untuk Pengembangan Ekowisata di Pantai Selatan Lombok Timur. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(1)
Alfiannur, M., Rahman, M., & Rahman, A. (2018). Hubungan Indeks Komunitas Makrozoobenthos Dengan Parameter Kualitas Air Di Sungai Martapura Desa Melayu Kabupaten Banjar Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Aquatic, 1(1), 33-47.
Alfiansyah, A., H. Irawan & F. Yandri (2017). Struktur Komunitas Bivalvia di Lamun di Perairan Teluk Dalam. Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan. UMRAH. Batam.
Allen, JA. (2013). Bivalvia terkini: bentuk dan evolusinya. The mollusca, 10, 337-403.
Arsad, S., Daryanto, A. O., Sari, L. A., Saputra, D. K., & Pratiwi, F. D. (2021). Community-Based Ecotourism and Its Impact on the Social and Economic Conditions: A Case Study in Blekok, Situbondo Regency, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 12(3), 797-807.
Arthur, B., & Vladimir, R. (2015). Socio-Ecological and Livelihood Assessment of Selected Coastal Areas in Sorsogon, Philippines. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 5(4): 339-343.
Ascher, W. (1995). Communities and Sustainable Forestry in Developing Countries. Institute for contemporary, San Francisco, USA.
Bahri, S., Patech, L. R., Zulhalifah, Z., Septiani, D. A., & Siswadi, S. (2021). Distribution and Diversity of Echinoderms in the Coastal Waters of South Beach of Lombok Island. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 21(1), 22-31.
Bengen, D.G., (2002). Pedoman Teknis. Pengenalan Dan Pengelolaan Ekosistem
Bengen, D.G., (2003). Pengenalan Dan Pengelolaan Ekosistem Mangrove.Pedoman
Bismark M & R. Sawitri. (2010). Kelimpahan dan Keragaman Spesies Plankton di Hutan Mangrove, Pulau Siberut. Info Hutan, VII (1): 77-87.
Bronstein, O. & Y. Loya, (2014). Echinoid community structure and rates of herbivory and bioerosion on exposed and sheltered reefs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 456: 8ââ¬â17
Cahyanto, T., & Kuraesin, R. (2013). Struktur Vegetasi Mangrove di Pantai Muara Marunda Kota Administrasi Jakarta Utara Provonsi DKI Jakarta. Jurnal Istek. 7(2): 73-88.
Cannicci, S., Burrows, D., Fratini, S., Smith III, T.J., Offenberg, J., & Dahdouh-Guebas, F., (2008). Faunistic impact on vegetation structure and ecosystem function in mangrove forests: A review. Aquatic Botany, 89: 186ââ¬â200.
Candri, D. A., Sani, L. H., Ahyadi, H., & Farista, B. (2020). Struktur komunitas Moluska di kawasan mangrove alami dan rehabilitasi pesisir selatan Pulau Lombok. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 20(1), 139-147.
Castro, R. A., Quecine, M. C., Lacava, P. T., Batista, B. D., Luvizotto, D. M., Marcon, J., ... & Azevedo, J. L. (2014). Isolation and enzyme bioprospection of endophytic bacteria associated with plants of Brazilian mangrove ecosystem. Springer Plus, 3(1): 1-9.
Chowdhury, R. R., Uchida, E., Chen, L., Osorio, V., & Yoder, L. (2017). Anthropogenic Drivers of Mangrove Loss: Geographic Patterns and Implications for Livelihoods. In Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Biogeographic Perspective, 275-300.
Christian, Y., Budiman, M. K., Purwanto, W., & Damar, A. (2021, April). Supporting community-based mangrove forest management as Essential Ecosystem Area in Sungai Pakning, Riau. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 744, No. 1, p. 012007). IOP Publishing.
Claoueô, C., T. Hodges, T. Hill, W. Blyth & D. Easty, (1988). Neural spread of herpes simplex virus to the eye of the mouse: microbiological aspects and effect on the blink reflex. Eye (Basingstoke) 2: 318ââ¬â323
de Oliveira Côrtes, L. H., Zappes, C. A., & Di Beneditto, A. P. (2018). MThe crab harvest in a mangrove forest in south-eastern Brazil: Insights about its maintenance in the long-term. Perspectives in ecology and conservation, 16 (2): 113-118.
Dewi, I. K., Suwarti, S., & Yuwanti, S. (2021). Pengenalan Konsep Ekowisata Dan Identifikasi Potensi Wisata Alam Berbasis Ekowisata. Selaparang Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan, 4(2), 307-314.
Direktorat Jenderal Bina Pesisir (2004). Pedoman Penetapan Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah (KKLD). Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. Jakarta
Ehler C, Stefano B & Billiana CS. (2004). In Corporating Marine Protected Areas into Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management: Principle and Guidelines. IUCN. United Kingdom Ingris.
Ellison A M. (2008). Mangrove ecology ââ¬â applications in forestry and costal zone management. Aquatic Botany, (89): 77.
Few R. (2009). Conservation, Participation, and Power: Protected-Area Planning in the Coastal Zone of Belize. Journal of Planning Education and Research. 19: 410 ââ¬â 408.
Friess, D. A. (2017). Ecotourism as a tool for mangrove conservation. Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education, 1(1): 24-35.
Friess, D. A., Yando, E. S., Abuchahla, G. M., Adams, J. B., Cannicci, S., Canty, S. W., ... & Wee, A. K. (2020). Mangroves give cause for conservation optimism, for now. Current Biology, 30(4), R153-R154.
Garza-Flores, R., López-Rojas, V., Flores-RodrÃÂguez, P., & RamÃÂrez, C. T. (2014). Diversity, distribution and composition of the bivalvia class on the rocky intertidal zone of marine priority region 32, Mexico. Open Journal of Ecology, 4(15), 961.
Gilpin A. (1996). Dictionary of Environment and Sustainable Development. John Wiley dan Sons. Singapore.
Hakim, L., Siswanto, D., & Makagoshi, N. (2017). Mangrove conservation in East Java: the ecotourism development perspectives. Journal of Tropical Life Science, 7(3): 277-285.
Hamilton, S. E., & Collins, S. (2013). Livelihood responses to mangrove deforestation in the northern provinces of Ecuador. Bosque, 4(2): 143-153.
Harto, S., Sidiq, R. S. S., & Karneli, O. (2021). Development Strategy Mangrove Ecotourism based on Local Wisdom. Sosiohumaniora, 23(1), 115-123.
Hermosillo-Núñez, B. B. (2020). Contribution of echinoderms to keystone species complexes and macroscopic properties in kelp forest ecosystems (northern Chile). Hydrobiologia, 847(3), 739-756.
Hiariey. L.S. (2009). Identifikasi Nilai Ekonomi Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove di Desa
Julaikha, S., & Sumiyati, L. 2017. Nilai Ekologis Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove. Jurnal Biologi Tropis. 17(1): 23-31.
Karimah, K. 2017. Peran Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove sebagai Habitat untuk Organisme Laut. Jurnal Biologi Tropis.17(2): 51-57.
Khan, S. U., Khan, I., Zhao, M., Khan, A. A., & Ali, M. A. S. 2019. Valuation of ecosystem services using choice experiment with preference heterogeneity: a benefit transfer analysis across inland river basin. Science of the Total Environment, 679: 126-135.
Khordi K, M. & Ghufran H. 2012. Ekosistem Mangrove Potensi, Fungsi, dan Pengelolaan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Kitamura, S., C. Anwar, A. Chaniago and S. Baba. (1997). Handbook of Mangroves in Indonesia, Bali & Lombok. The Development of sustainable Mangrove Management Project, Ministry of Forestry Indonesia and Japan International Cooperation Agency. Jaya Abadi, Denpasar, Bali.
Larkum AWD. Robert JO & Carlos M. Duarte. (2006). Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Springer. Netherlands.
Lelloltery, H., Rumanta, M., & Kunda, R. M. (2021). Strategy for marine ecotourism development based on natural resource management: Case study in Kotania Bay, Western Seram District, Maluku, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience, 13(1).
Lina, F. Lestari & A. Zulfikar. (2015). Struktur Komunitas Gastropoda di Ekosistem mangrove Sungai Nyirih Kecamatan Tanjung Pinang Kota Tanjung Pinang. Jurnal Elektronik. 1-15.
Litiloly, L. I., Mardiatmoko, G., & Pattimahu, D. V. (2020). Analysis of Mangrove Forest Economic In Kotania Bay, West Seram District. Jurnal Hutan Pulau-Pulau Kecil, 4(1), 22-30.
Llacuna, M.E.J., Walag, A.M. & Elaine A. Villaluz, E.A. (2016). Diversity and dispersion patterns of echinoderms in Babanlagan, Talisayan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines. Environmental and Experimental Biology 14 (1): 213ââ¬â217.
Lowery, J. L., Paynter Jr, K. T., Thomas, J., & Nygard, J. (2007). The importance of habitat created by molluscan shellfish to managed species along the Atlantic Coast of the United States. Washington, DC: Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission.
Malik, A., Mertz, O., & Fensholt, R. (2017). Mangrove Forest Decline: Consequences for Livelihoods and Environment in South Sulawesi. Regional Environmental Change, 17(1): 157-169.
Massiseng, A. N. A., Tuwo, A., Fachry, M. E., & Bahar, A. (2020). A dynamic simulation of mangrove ecotourism management at the Lantebung of Makassar City. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 584(1): 1-11.
My, H. H. T., & Takeda, S. (2015). Decentralization in Mangrove Restoration: a Critical Analysisââ¬âCase study in Central Coast of Vietnam. In An international academic conference, Chiang Mai University: Land grabbing, conflict and agrarian-environmental transformation: perspectives from East and Southeasy Asia. Conference Paper, 50(17).
Nagelkerken, I., Blaber, S.J.M., Bouillon, S., Green, P., Haywood, M., Kirton, L.G., Meynecke, J.-O., Pawlik, J., Penrose, H.M., Sasekumar, A., Somerfield, P.J., (2008). The habitat function of mangroves for terrestrial and marine fauna: A review. Aquatic. Botany. 89: 155ââ¬â18
Odum, E. P. (1996). Basics of Ecology Third Edition. Samingan, T (translator). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Ortiz, M. & R. Levins, (2011). Re-stocking practices and illegal fishing in northern Chile (SE Pacific coast): a study case. Oikos 120: 1402ââ¬â1412.
Pancawati, D.K., D. Suprapto, & P.W. Purnomo. (2014). Karakteristik Fisika Kimia Perairan Habitat Bivalvia di Sungai Wiso Jepara. Diponegoro Journal of Marques, 3(4): 141-146.
Patech, L. R., Syukur, A., & Santoso, D. (2020). Kelimpahan dan Keanekragaman Spesies Echinodermata sebagai Indikator Fungsi Ekologi Lamun di Perairan Pesisir Lombok Timur. JURNAL SAINS TEKNOLOGI & LINGKUNGAN, 6(1), 40-49.
Pauly D. and Ingles J. (1986). The relationship between shrimp yields and intertidal vegetation (mangrove) areas: area ssessment. In IOC/FAO Workshop on Recruitment in Tropical Coastal Demersal Communities. Unesco Paris, pp.227- 284.
Priyatna FN, Nasution Z, Satrawijaya, Hartono TT & Mursidin (2007). Sosial Budaya Masyarakat Nelayan: Konsep dan Indikator Pemberdayaan.Badan Riset Kelautan dan Perikanan, Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. I ââ¬â 29.
Raghunathan C, Venkataraman K. ââ¬ÅDiversity of Echinoderms in Rani Jhansiââ¬Â. Jouranls of Marine National Park, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. International Day for Biodiversity. 1 (1) : 22-40.
Riana, A., Pianti, D. O., Ramadhila, R., Pranata, Y., & Nata, P. R. (2020). Potensi Hutan Mangrove Sebagai Ekowisata Bagi Masyarakat Pesisir Bengkulu. ISEJ: Indonesian Science Education Journal, 1(3), 210-215.
Romañach, S. S., DeAngelis, D. L., Koh, H. L., Li, Y., Teh, S. Y., Barizan, R. S. R., & Zhai, L. 2018. Conservation and restoration of mangroves: Global status, perspectives, and prognosis. Ocean & Coastal Management, 154: 72-82.
Roy, A.K.D., Alam, K., and Gow, J. 2013. Community perceptions of state forest ownership and management: A case study of the Sundarbans Mangrove Forest in Bangladesh. Journal of Environmental Management 117: 141-149.
Sandifer, P. A., Sutton-Grier, A. E., & Ward, B. P. 2015. Exploring connections among nature, biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human health and well-being: Opportunities to enhance health and biodiversity conservation. Ecosystem services, 12: 1-15.
Satria A. (2006). Sawen institution, local knowledge in fisheries management in North Lombok, Indonesia. Fisher Knowledge in Fisheries Science and Management. UNESCO: 197 ââ¬â 218.
Senoaji, G., & Hidayat, M. F. (2016). Peranan Ekosistem Mangrove Di Kota Pesisir Bengkulu Dalam Mitigasi Pemanasan Global Melalui Penyimpanan Karbon (the Role of Mangrove Ecosystem in the Coastal City of Bengkulu in Mitigating Global Warming Through Carbon Sequestration). Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan. 23(3): 327-333.
Shuib, A. H. M. A. D., Yee, L. S., & Edman, S. A. L. B. I. A. H. (2012). Attitudes of local communities towards conservation of the mangrove ecosystem in Kuching, Sarawak. The Malaysian Forester, 75: 15-28.
Smith, T.M., & Smith, R.L. (2011). Elements of Ecology 8th Edition. USA: Pearson Education.
Steneck, R. S., M. H. Graham, B. J. Bourque, D. Corbett, J. M. Erlandson, J. A. Estes & M. J. Tegner, (2018). Kelp forest ecosystems: biodiversity, stability, resilience and future. Environmental Conservation 29: 436ââ¬â459.
Sulistiyowati, H. (2009). Biodiversitas Mangrove Di Cagar Alam Pulau Sempu. Jurnal Sainstek. 8(1): 59-63.
Sunil Khade, N., & Priyanka Khade, S. (2017). Marine Molluscan diversity and statistical analysis of Kundalika estuary, Coast of India. International Journal of Entomology Research, 2(1), 20-23.
Susanto H A. (2011). Progres pengembangan sistem kawasan konservasi peraiaran Indonesia. USAID Project: 1-48.
Syukur, A., Al-Idrus, A., & Zulkifli, L. (2020). Ecotourism development based on the diversity of echinoderms species in seagrass beds on the south coastal of Lombok island, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 13(2), 57-68.
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomer 5 Tahun 1990 tentang Konservasi Sumberdaya Alam Hayati dan Ekosistemnya. Lembaran Negara Tahun 1990 Nomer 49. Tambahan Lembran Negaran Nomer 3419
Wever, L., Glaser, M., Gorrism, P., and Ferrol-Schulte, D. (2012). Decentralization and participation in integrated coastal management: Policy lessons from Brazil and Indonesia. Ocean & Coastal Management, 66: 63-72.
Yuliana, E., & Supriono, E. (2020). Pengelolaan Ekowisata Mangrove Berdasarkan Daya Dukung Ekosistem dan Persepsi Masyarakat. Jurnal Matematika Sains dan Teknologi, 21(1): 48-60.
ZULHALIFAH, Z., Syukur, A., Santoso, D., & KARNAN, K. (2021). Species diversity and composition, and above-ground carbon of mangrove vegetation in Jor Bay, East Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 22(4).
License
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
