Impact Evaluation of the Use of Mercury (Hg) and Cyanide (Cn) in Gold Processing Activities on Lombok Island Based on Knowledge and Experience of Gold Miners and Processers on Lombok Island
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v22i3.4468Published:
2022-09-30Downloads
Abstract
The high value and economic prospects of precious metals, have not been able to cover the environmental, health and social and economic impacts. The conversion of land functions and open pit mining activities as well as the amount of sediment waste causes very significant landscape and environmental changes. This study aims to evaluate the impact of using mercury and cyanide based on the knowledge and experience of actors (miners and gold processors) and the surrounding community on the island of Lombok. Field data collection was carried out by triangulation, namely in-depth interviews with actors and the community, and secondary/reference data from related agencies, especially the health center and several related research results. Gold extraction on the island of Lombok uses two methods which are carried out in stages, namely Amalgamation with mercury in the shelling process and Cyanidation with Potassium Cyanide in the bagging process. The results of the study show that the negative impacts of the mining process are more due to land clearing and miner safety. The impact of gold extraction using mercury is long-term, so it is difficult to identify the impact. Meanwhile, the impact of the use of cyanide is directly felt and seen by the public, especially in terms of decreasing the presence and yield of fish caught in rivers and coasts.
Keywords:
cyanide; gold; Lombok Island; mercury.References
Astiti, LGST. (2014). Sugianti Dampak Penambangan Emas Tradisional pada Lingkungan dan Pakan Ternak di Pulau Lombok. Jurnal Sains Peternakan, Vol. 12 (2), 101-106.
BPHN (2017). Naskah Akademik Rancangan undang-undang Pengesahan Minamata Convention on Mercury (Konvensi Minamata Mengenai Merkuri). Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Republik Indonesia. Jakarta.
KLHK. (2020). Hasil Pemetaan Dampak Merkuri terhadap Lingkungan, Kesehatan dan Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Sekitar Lokasi Pertambangan Emas Skala Kecil (PESK) oleh KLHK bekerjasama dengan Institut Teknologi Bandung dan Universitas Brawijaya, Tahun 2018.
Maksum, T.S., A. Daud, A.B. & Birawida (2012). Analisis kandungan merkuri (hg) dan sianida (cn) dalam sedimen, kerang hijau (perna viridis) dan urin pada masyarakat pesisir desa Mallasoro kecamatan bangkala Kabupaten Jeneponto. Tesis Pasca Sarjana. Universitas Hasanuddin. Makasar.
Marwiani, L. (201)9. Penggunaan Merkuri Pada Kegiatan Pertambangan Emas Skala Kecil (Pesk). https://sitkb3.menlhk.go.id/infomerkuri/?p=4647. Accesed 26/02/2021
Maulida. Septia dkk. (2009). Terjadinya Pencemaran Logam Berat Di teluk Minamata Akibat Pembuangan Merkuri (Hg). Tersedia pada: http//septia maulida. wordpress.com / 2009 /03 /20
Notodarmojo & Suprihanto (2004). Pencemaran Tanah dan Air Tanah. Penerbit ITB, Bandung.
Pamungkas, H. Thayib & Inswiasri (2015). Potensi Sebaran Limbah Merkuri Pertambangan Emas Rakyat di Desa Cisungsang, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten,” Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan, XIV(3): 195-205.
Pratiwi, C.A. & H. D. Ariesyady. (2012). Analisis risiko pencemaran merkuri terhadap kesehatan manusia yang mengonsumsi beras di sekitar kegiatan tambang emas tradisional (studi kasus: desa lebaksitu, kecamatan lebakgedong, kabupaten lebak, banten). Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 18(2); 106-114.
Sardar, K., Ali, S., Hameed, S., Afzal, S., Fatima, S., Shakoor, M. B., ... & Tauqeer, H. M. (2013). Heavy metals contamination and what are the impacts on living organisms. Greener Journal of Environmental management and public safety, 2(4), 172-179.
Simange S.M., Simbolon D., & Jusadi D. (2010). Analisis Kandungan Merkuri (Hg) dan Sianida (CN) pada Beberapa Jenis Ikan Hasil Tangkapan Nelayan di Teluk Kao, Halmahera Utara. Jurnal Institut Pertanian Bogor: 335-353.
Tangkuman, H. D., Abidjulu, J., & Mukuan, H. (2019). Pengaruh konsentrasi sianida terhadap produksi emas. CHEMISTRY PROGRESS, 1(1), 25-29.
Widowati W., Sastiono A., & Jusuf R. (2008). Efek Toksik Logam: Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Pencemaran. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi.
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Hilman Ahyadi, Suripto Suripto, Ahmad Jupri, Immy Suci Rohyani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
