The Relationship Between The Total Count of Leukocyte Types and Formahldehyde Induction in Wistar Rats
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v23i1.6089Published:
2023-12-04Downloads
Abstract
Formaldehyde is a chemical compound with a high level of toxicity. In the industrial sector, formaldehyde is commonly found in cosmetic products, resins, adhesives, plastics, and wood products. Therefore, the objective of this research is to determine the effect of formaldehyde induction with concentrations of 20 ppm, 30 ppm, and 40 ppm on the total count of leukocyte types. This study is a qualitative research with a true experimental design employing a post-test only control group design. The study used male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) totaling 24 individuals, which were divided into 4 groups: a control group and 3 treatment groups. Each group consisted of 6 rats induced with formaldehyde at concentrations of 20 ppm, 30 ppm, and 40 ppm. The Wistar rats will be terminated, and retro-orbital blood sampling will be conducted to count the various types of leukocytes in order to determine whether there are differences in leukocyte type counts among rats induced with formaldehyde. Data analysis will employ the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results of this study showed that there was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) between formaldehyde and the total count of leukocyte types. In this study, it was found that there is a decrease in the total count of leukocyte types in the formaldehyde-exposed groups at 40 ppm, 30 ppm, and 20 ppm when compared to the control group.
Keywords:
Formaldehyde, leukocytes, total count of leukocyte types, toxicity, wistar rats.References
Al-Sarraj, A., & Al-Habity, A. (2013). Effect of formaldehyde vapor on the blood constituents of male rabbits. In Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences (Vol. 27, Issue 1). http://www.vetmedmosul.org/
Asare-Donkor, N. K., Kusi Appiah, J., Torve, V., Voegborlo, R. B., & Adimado, A. A. (2020). Formaldehyde Exposure and Its Potential Health Risk in Some Beauty Salons in Kumasi Metropolis. Journal of Toxicology, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8875167
Gerberich, H. R., & Seaman, G. C. (2013). Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology.
Hall, J. E., & Guyton, A. C. (2014). Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (12th Edition). Elsevier.
Jia, X., Jia, Q., Zhang, Z., Gao, W., Zhang, X., Niu, Y., Meng, T., Feng, B., Duan, H., Ye, M., Dai, Y., Jia, Z., & Zheng, Y. (2014). Effects of formaldehyde on lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in the peripheral blood of exposed workers. PLoS ONE, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104069
Kang, D. S., Kim, H. S., Jung, J. H., Lee, C. M., Ahn, Y. S., & Seo, Y. R. (2021). Formaldehyde exposure and leukemia risk: a comprehensive review and network-based toxicogenomic approach. In Genes and Environment (Vol. 43, Issue 1). BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41021-021-00183-5
Kuo, H. W., Jian, G. J., Chen, C. L., Liu, C. S., & Lai, J. S. (1997). White blood cell count as an indicator of formaldehyde exposure. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 59(2), 261–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001289900473
Lyapina, M., Zhelezova, G., Petrova, E., & Boev, M. (2004). Flow cytometric determination of neutrophil respiratory burst activity in workers exposed to formaldehyde. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 77(5), 335–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-004-0516-3
Martínez-Castro, J., Reyes-Cadena, S., & Felipe-Riverón, E. (2014). Leukocytes Detection, Classification and Counting in Smears of Peripheral Blood (Vol. 35, Issue 1).
Nielsen, G. D., Larsen, S. T., & Wolkoff, P. (2013). Recent trend in risk assessment of formaldehyde exposures from indoor air. In Archives of Toxicology (Vol. 87, Issue 1, pp. 73–98). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-012-0975-3
Pizzino, G., Irrera, N., Cucinotta, M., Pallio, G., Mannino, F., Arcoraci, V., Squadrito, F., Altavilla, D., & Bitto, A. (2017). Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2017, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8416763
Ramos, C. de O., Nardeli, C. R., Campos, K. K. D., Pena, K. B., Machado, D. F., Bandeira, A. C. B., Costa, G. de P., Talvani, A., & Bezerra, F. S. (2017). The exposure to formaldehyde causes renal dysfunction, inflammation and redox imbalance in rats. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 69(6), 367–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2017.02.008
van der Laan, L., Cardenas, A., Vermeulen, R., Fadadu, R. P., Hubbard, A. E., Phillips, R. V., Zhang, L., Breeze, C., Hu, W., Wen, C., Huang, Y., Tang, X., Smith, M. T., Rothman, N., & Lan, Q. (2022). Epigenetic aging biomarkers and occupational exposure to benzene, trichloroethylene and formaldehyde. Environment International, 158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106871
Ye, X., Yan, W., Xie, H., Zhao, M., & Ying, C. (2005). Cytogenetic analysis of nasal mucosa cells and lymphocytes from high-level long-term formaldehyde exposed workers and low-level short-term exposed waiters. Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 588(1), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.08.005
Zhang, L., Tang, X., Rothman, N., Vermeulen, R., Ji, Z., Shen, M., Qiu, C., Guo, W., Liu, S., Reiss, B., Freeman, L. B., Ge, Y., Hubbard, A. E., Hua, M., Blair, A., Galvan, N., Ruan, X., Alter, B. P., Xin, K. X., … Lan, Q. (2010). Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde, Hematotoxicity, and Leukemia-Specific Chromosome Changes in Cultured Myeloid Progenitor Cells. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 19(1), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0762
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Anak Agung Bagus Tito Indra Prawira Negara, Anak Agung Ayu Niti Wedayani, Bayu Tirta Dirja
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
