Antagonistic Test of Endophytic Bacteria of Chili Pepper Roots Producing Siderophores and Hydrolase Enzymes against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Ralstonia Solanacearum
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v24i4.7966Published:
2024-11-08Downloads
Abstract
This study aims to test the ability of endophytic bacterial isolates of cayenne pepper roots (Capsicum frutescens) to produce siderophore compounds and protease enzymes and to test the antagonistic activity of endophytic bacterial isolates in controlling the growth of plant pathogenic bacteria (Ralstonia solanacearum). The stages in this study are isolation of endophytic bacteria from cayenne pepper roots, siderophore production test, protease enzyme activity test, and biochemical and physiological characterization of potential endophytic bacteria, antagonistic test of endophytic bacteria against the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum bacteria. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from cayenne pepper plant roots taken from Selong, East Lombok. Characterization of siderophore-producing isolates used the Arnow test method. The activity of bacterial protease enzymes was tested qualitatively on Skim Milk Agar solid media. The antagonistic activity test of endophytic bacteria against pathogenic bacteria was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method. Characterization of endophytic bacteria was carried out by observing colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. There were 3 isolates that were able to produce siderophores (catecholate type) with codes EC5, EC12, and EC15. Six isolates showed protease enzyme activity with codes EC3, EC4, EC5, EC7, EC11, and EC15, with the highest Proteolytic Index (2.02) shown by isolate EC4. There were 3 isolates that were able to inhibit the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum (EC4, EC5, and EC15), with the highest inhibitory power shown by isolate EC15 (3.67 mm). The results of the study indicate that endophytic bacteria from cayenne pepper plant roots have the potential as biopesticides in the future.
Keywords:
Cayenne pepper, endophyte, siderophore, protease enzym, Ralstonia solanacearum.References
Aisyah, N., Zulkifli, L., & Rasmi, D. A. C. (2023). Isolation of Endophytic Bacteria and Fungi From Soursop (Annona muricata L.) and Bioactivity Test As Antimicrobial Against Eschericia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans. Pijar MIPA, 18(2), 254–259. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v18i2.3834
Alfiansyah, M. F., Zulkifli, L., & Rasmi, D. A. C. (2023). The Effect of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria and IAA Producers from Cactus Rhizosphere on the Germination of Vigna sinensis L. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 23(3), 607–618. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i3.5089
Calvente, V., De Orellano, M. E., Sansone, G., Benuzzi, D., & Sanz De Tosetti, M. I. (2001). Effect of Nitrogen Source and pH on Siderophore Production by Rhodotorula strains and Their Application to Biocontrol of Phytopathogenic Moulds. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 26(4), 226–229. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.7000117
Direktorat Jenderal Hortikultura. (2021). Angka Tetap Hortikul Tahun 2020. Direktorat Jenderal Hortikulura Kementerian Pertanian. https://satudata.pertanian.go.id/details/publikasi/274
Farida, I. (2012). Seleksi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Penghasil Siderofor sebagai Agens Antagonis Ralstonia solanacearum pada Tomat. Institut Pertanian Bogor. http://repository.ipb.ac.id:8080/handle/123456789/54126
Glick, B. R., Pasternak, J. J., & Patten, C. L. (2010). Molecular Biotechnology; Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA (4th ed., Issue 1). ASM Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?cmd=PureSearch&term=101509400%5Bnlmid%5D
Hanif, A., & Susanti, R. (2017). Analisis Senyawa Antifungal Bakteri Endofit Asal Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.). AGRINTECH, 1(1), 23–29. https://jurnal.umsu.ac.id/index.php/agrin/article/view/1666
Hengkengbala, S. I., Lintang, R. A. J., Sumilat, D. A., Mangindaan, R. E. P., Ginting, E. L., & Tumembouw, S. (2021). Karakteristik Morfologi Dan Aktivitas Enzim Protease Bakteri Simbion Nudibranch. Jurnal Pesisir Dan Laut Tropis, 9(3), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.35800/jplt.9.3.2021.36672
Neilands, J. B., & Leong, S. A. (1986). Siderophores in Relation to Plant Growth and Disease. In Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol (Vol. 37, pp. 187–208). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.37.060186.001155
Nurikhsanti, M., Zulkifli, L., Rasmi, D. A. C., & Sedijani, P. (2024). Antagonistic Test of Bacteria Producing Siderophore and Protease Enzymes from The Rhizosfer of Peanut Plants on The Growth of Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 24(1), 100–108. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v24i1.6459
Oktafiyanto, M. F., Munif, A., & Mutaqin, K. H. (2018). Aktivitas Antagonis Bakteri Endofit Asal Mangrove terhadap Ralstonia solanacearum dan Meloidogyne spp. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, 14(1), 23–29. https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.14.1.23
Oktavia, N., & Sri Pujiyanto, dan. (2018). Isolasi dan Uji Antagonisme Bakteri Endofit Tapak Dara (Catharanthus Roseus, L.) terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Berkala Bioteknologi, 1(1), 6–12. https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/bb/article/view/2209
Pamaya, D., Muchlissin, S. I., Maharani, E. T. wahyuni, Darmawati, S., & Ethica, N. S. (2018). Isolasi Bakteri Penghasil Enzim Protease Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens Irod2 Pada Oncom Merah Pasca Fermentasi 48 Jam. Seminar Nasional Edusaintek, 40–46. https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/psn12012010/article/view/4236
Partiwi, S., al Idrus, A., Zulkifli, L., Mahrus, & Sedijani, P. (2023). Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Brotowali (Tinospora crispa) Rhizosphere Bacteria Producing Siderophore from Dry Lands of Lombok Island. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 23(2), 275–284. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i2.6138
Permata, A. H. D., Purnawati, A., & Suharto. (2024). Eksplorasi Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Antagonis dari Lapisan Rizosfer Tanaman Bambu (Bambusoideae sp.). Seminar Nasional Kedaulatan Pertanian 2024 “Transformasi Sistem Pangan Menuju Kedaulatan Pertanian,” 469–481. https://prosiding.umy.ac.id/semnas-datan/index.php/dt/article/download/44/44/103
Prihatiningsih, N., Asnani, A., & Djatmiko, H. A. (2021). Extracellular protease from bacillus subtilis b315 with antagonistic activity against bacterial wilt pathogen (Ralstonia solanacearum) of chili. Biodiversitas, 22(3), 1291–1295. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220327
Purwanto, U. M. S., Pasaribu, F. H., & Bintang, M. (2014). Isolasi Bakteri Endofit dari Tanaman Sirih Hijau (Piper betle L .) dan Potensinya sebagai Penghasil Senyawa Antibakteri. Current Biochemistry, 1(1), 51–57. https://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/cbj/article/view/17890/pdf
Rizqoh, D., Dwika Sahfitri, F., Ayu Aguspa Dita, D., & Hartati Suryani, U. (2022). Ekstraksi dan Uji Penghambatan Minimum Bakteri Endofit Andaliman (Zancthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) terhadap Jamur Candida albicans. Perlindungan Tanaman, 1, 90–97. https://semnas.bpfp-unib.com/index.php/perlintan/article/view/30
Rostini, N. (2011). 6 Jurus Bertanam Cabai Bebas Hama daan Penyakit (1st ed.). AgroMedia Pustaka.
Said, M. I., & Likadja, J. C. (2012). Isolation and Identification of Bacteria that Has Potential as Producer of Protease Enzyme in the Tannery Industry, PT. Adi Satria Abadi (ASA), Yogyakarta. JITP, 2(2), 121–128. https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/98527/isolation-and-identification-of-bacteria-that-has-potential-as-producer-of-prote
Saraswati, I. G. A. E., Pharmawati, M., & Junitha, I. K. (2012). Karakter Morfologi Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) yang Dipengaruhi Sodium Azida pada Fase Generatif Generasi M1. Biologi, 16(1), 23–26. https://savana-cendana.id/index.php/SC/article/download/588/265/
Semangun, H. (2001). Pengantar Ilmu Penyakit Tumbuhan (2nd ed.). Gadjah Mada University Press.
Sofiana, A. (2019). Eksplorasi Bakteri Endofit Dari Akar Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) Organik dan Potensinya Sebagai Agens Antagonis Ralstonia solanacearum Secara In Vitro. Universitas Brawijaya. http://repository.ub.ac.id/173612/
Sopialena. (2018). Pengendalian Hayati dengan Memberdayakan Potensi Mikroba (1st ed.). Mulawarman University Press. https://faperta.unmul.ac.id/web/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/PENGENDALIAN-HAYATI-dengan-Memberdayakan-Potensi-Mikroba.pdf
Sturz, A. V. (2006). Bacterial Root Zone Communities, Beneficial Allelopathies and Plant Disease Control. In Allelochemicals: Biological Control of Plant Pathogens and Diseases (pp. 123–142). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4447-X_6
Surjowardojo, P., Susilorini, T. E., & Sirait, G. R. B. (2015). Daya Hambat Dekok Kulit Apel Manalagi (Malus sylvestrs Mill.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas sp. Penyebab Mastitis pada Sapi Perah. Jurnal Ternak Tropika, 15(2), 40–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtapro.2015.016.02.6
Syukur, M., Sujiprihati, S., Yunianti, R., & Kusumah, D. A. (2010). Evaluasi Daya Hasil Cabai Hibrida dan Daya Adaptasinya di Empat Lokasi dalam Dua Tahun. Jurnal Agron Indonesia, 38(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v38i1.1679
Utami, A. W. A. (2018). Isolasi dan Identifikasi Cendawan Penyebab Penyakit Layu Pada Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens) di Bogor. https://repository.unpak.ac.id/tukangna/repo/file/files-20180405075931.pdf
Yasmin, F., Othman, R., Sijam, K., & Saad, M. S. (2009). Characterization of Beneficial Properties of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Isolated From Sweet Potato Rhizosphere. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 3(11), 815–821. https://worldveg.tind.io/record/39119
Yu, X., Ai, C., Xin, L., & Zhou, G. (2011). The Siderophore-Producing Bacterium, Bacillus subtilis CAS15, Has a Biocontrol Effect on Fusarium Wilt and Promotes The Growth of Pepper. European Journal of Soil Biology, 47(2), 138–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2010.11.001
Zuhra, R., Hasanuddin, & Lisnawati. (2017). Efektivitas Bakteri Endofit sebagai Pupuk Hayati Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Cabai (Capsicum annuum, L). Pertanian Tropik, 4(1), 65–74. https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/158309/efektivitas-bakteri-endofit-sebagai-pupuk-hayati-terhadap-pertumbuhan-dan-produk
Zulkifli, L., Sedijani, P., Citra Rasmi, D. A., & Amrullah, L. W. Z. (2020). Screening and Molecular Identification of Phosphate-Solubilizing Rhizobacteria from Mangrove Ecosystem of the Lombok Island. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 20(3), 475–484.
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Siti Nur Isnaini Hidayati, Lalu Zulkifli, Prapti Sedijani, Dewa Ayu Citra Rasmi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
