A Review of Tetraploidy Induction Using Oryzalin in Various Plant Species: Morphological and Anatomical Implications
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v26i1.9915Published:
2026-04-17Downloads
Abstract
Polyploidy induction has emerged as a promising approach to improve plant traits through genetic and physiological modification. Oryzalin, a dinitroaniline herbicide, has been widelu recognized as an effective and less toxic alternative to colchicine for chromosome doubling in plants. This review aims to evaluate the effects of oryzalin-induced tetraploidy on the morphological, anatomical, and physiological characteristics of several plant species, including Colocasia esculenta, Citrullus lanatus, Tectona grandis, and Humulus lupulus. This study employed a narrative review with a systematic literatur search approach by collecting and analyzing previous studies related to the morphological and cytological responses of oryzalin treatments. The results indicate that oryzalin effectively induced tetraploidy, characterized by enlarged stomata size, reduced stomatal density, and altered leaf morphology, although species-specific responses were observed. The optimal oryzalin concentrations varied among species: 30 μM for C. esculenta, 72.2 μM for C. lanatus, 7.5 μM for T. grandis, and 10 μM for H. lupulus. In conclusion, oryzalin demonstrates strong potential as a safe and efficient mutagen for polyploid induction, supporting its application in plant breeding and genetic improvement. Further studies are required to optimize exposure duration and assess long-term physiological stability of induced polyploids.
Keywords:
Cytogenetics Oryzalin Polyploidy Plant morphological Tetraploidy inductionReferences
Berdasarkan berbagai penelitian, induksi tetraploidi menggunakan oryzalin terbukti efektif pada beragam spesies tanaman, termasuk hortikultura, tanaman industri, dan kehutanan. Namun, respons tanaman terhadap oryzalin bersifat spesifik spesies dan dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi, durasi perlakuan, serta jenis jaringan yang digunakan. Tanaman tetraploid umumnya menunjukkan perubahan morfologi dan anatomi, seperti pembesaran daun, peningkatan ukuran sel, dan penurunan kerapatan stomata, meskipun kemunculan individu mixoploid pada beberapa kasus dapat memengaruhi stabilitas fenotip. Dengan demikian, keberhasilan induksi tetraploidi tidak hanya ditentukan oleh peningkatan jumlah kromosom, tetapi juga oleh stabilitas ploidi serta implikasinya terhadap karakter agronomis, sehingga evaluasi morfologi dan anatomi menjadi parameter penting dalam pengembangan protokol induksi tetraploidi berbasis oryzalin.
Ucapan terima kasih
Terima kasih kepada dosen matakuliah Morfogenesis Tumbuhan Dr. Violita S.Si., M.Si untuk izin, dukungan, dan sarannya dalam penyusunan Artikel ini.
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