POTENSI KENIKIR (COSMOS CAUDATUS) SEBAGAI LARVASIDA NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI INSTAR IV
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v20i1.1489Published:
2020-01-28Downloads
Abstract
Abstrak: Resistensi temephos (abate) sebagai larvasida telah terjadi di Jawa Tengah sejak tahun 2007 dan ditahun 2017 Jawa Tengah tercatat sebagai provinsi dengan jumlah kasus DBD terbanyak ketiga secara nasional. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan ekstrak daun kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) sebagai larvasida pengganti temephos. Proses penelitian dimulai dengan ekstraksi fraksinasi, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan screening fitokimia dan uji larvasida menggunakan metode yang direkomendasikan oleh WHOPES dengan mengamati mortalitas larva nyamuk A. aegypti pada jam ke 24, 48 dan 72 pada berbagai konsentrasi larutan uji (600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, dan 1800 ppm). Data mortalitas larva dianalisis dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) subsampling. Perbandingan antar perlakuan diuji dengan uji Beda nyata Jujur (BNJ) dengan tingkat kebermaknaan 5%. Analisa probit pada data mortalitas menghasilkan nilai dosis efektif LC50. Hasil penelitian menunjukan diantara ketiga fraksi, ekstrak kenikir fraksi heksan memiliki efek larvasida terbaik (mortalitas 71,67%) dengan LC50 sebesar 1762 ppm pada waktu paparan 72 jam. Golongan senyawa kimia yang menyebabkan efek larvasida ini adalah alkaloid, terpenoid, dan flavonoid. Walaupun ekstrak fraksi heksan tanaman ini memiliki efek larvasida, potensi pengembangan tanaman ini sebagai pengganti temepos kecil dikarenakan nilai LC50 yang tinggi pada waktu paparan yang lama.
Kata kunci: Larvasida; temephos; resistensi; Cosmos caudatus; potensi
Abstract: Temephos resistance as larvicide has occurred in Central Java since 2007 and in 2017 Central Java was recorded as the 3rd highest dengue cases in Indonesia. Hence, this study attempts to use extract of Cosmos caudatus as temephos substitute. The study start with fraction extraction of dried C. caudatus leaf followed by phytochemical screening of the extract and larvicide assay was carried out using method recommended by WHOPES by observing the mortality of A. aegypti larvae at 24, 48, and 72 hours on various extract concentration (600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, and 1800 ppm). The mortality data was analyzed using Randomized Block Design (RBD) subsampling (P<0,05). Probit analysis on mortality data result in the LC50. The result showed the most effective fraction is hexane fraction (mortality 71,67%) with LC50 ÃÂ1762 ppm at 72 hours exposure time. The active compound in the hexane fraction were alkaloid, terpenoids, and flavonoids. Even though the hexane fraction extract has the most larvicidal effect, this extract has low potential to developed as replacement to temephos because the LC50 was high and longtime exposure ÃÂ
Keywords: Larvicide; temephos; resistance; Cosmos caudatus; potential
Keywords:
Larvicide temephos resistance Cosmos caudatus potentialReferences
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