Supplementation of Lysine Essential Amino Acids in Commercial Feed to Increase Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in Catfish (Pangasius sp.) Fillet
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v21i3.2995Published:
2021-10-13Downloads
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to see how adding the amino acid lysine to commercial feed affects the amount of EPA and DHA in catfish (Pangasius sp.) flesh. This study is an experimental study with a totally randomized design that includes four treatments and five replications. P0 (100% commercial feed + 1.2 percent amino acid lysine), P2 (100% commercial feed + 2.2 percent amino acid lysine), and P3 (100% commercial feed + 3.2 percent amino acid lysine) were the treatments. The parameters observed were EPA and DHA in catfish meat. Data analysis used ANOVA and continued with the DUNCAN test (p 0.05). The results showed that the addition of the amino acid lysine to commercial feed for 30 days of maintenance was able to increase the EPA and DHA content in catfish meat. The highest EPA content was obtained by treatment P1 (1.2% amino acid lysine), which was 0.597%, while the highest DHA content was obtained by treatment P2 (2.2% amino acid lysine), which was 0.747%. Our findings demonstrate that adding the amino acid lysine to the diet can result in nutrient-rich catfish flesh. However, studies on the influence of lysine amino acid on the growth rate, survival rate, and cholesterol ratio in catfish flesh are predicted to enhance the productivity of this very nutritious fish.Keywords:
Amino acid aquaculture sector human health fillet quality catfishReferences
Alagawany, M., Elnesr, S. S., Farag, M. R., Abd El-Hack, M. E., Khafaga, A. F., Taha, A. E., Tiwari, R., Yatoo, M. I., Bhatt, P., Khurana, S. K., ââ¬Â¦ & Dhama, K. (2019). Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids in Poultry Nutrition: Effect on Production Performance and Health. Animals, 9(8), 573. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080573
Borum, P. R. (2020). Carnitine. In Present Knowledge in Nutrition (pp. 551ââ¬â559). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-66162-1.00033-0
Brautaset, T., & Ellingsen, T. E. (2011). Lysine. In Comprehensive Biotechnology (pp. 541ââ¬â554). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-088504-9.00220-8
Calder, P. C. (2016). Docosahexaenoic Acid. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 69(Suppl. 1), 8ââ¬â21. https://doi.org/10.1159/000448262
Conquer, J. A., Tierney, M. C., Zecevic, J., Bettger, W. J., & Fisher, R. H. (2000). Fatty acid analysis of blood plasma of patients with alzheimerââ¬â¢s disease, other types of dementia, and cognitive impairment. Lipids, 35(12), 1305ââ¬â1312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-000-0646-3
Dale, N. M. (2001). Nutrient Value of Catfish Meal. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 10(3), 252ââ¬â254. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/10.3.252
Djarijah, A. (2001). Budidaya Ikan Patin. Kanisius.
Domenichiello, A. F., Kitson, A. P., & Bazinet, R. P. (2015). Is docosahexaenoic acid synthesis from ñ-linolenic acid sufficient to supply the adult brain? Progress in Lipid Research, 59, 54ââ¬â66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2015.04.002
Dyall, S. C. (2015). Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and the brain: a review of the independent and shared effects of EPA, DPA and DHA. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2015.00052
FAO. (2013). FAO Yearbook: Fisheries and Aquaculture Statistics 2011 (Production from Aquaculture by Country and by Species).
Fira, D., Wiradana, P., Ansori, A., Susilo, R. J. K., & Sabdoningrum, E. (2021). Ectoparasite inventorisation of nilem fish (Osteochilus hasselti) fingerlings cultured on ponds in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 35(3), 605ââ¬â609. https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2020.127031.1440
Fitria, P. D., Amin, M., Lokapirnasari, W. P., & Lamid, M. (2020). Supplementation of fermented coffee-peel flour to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA) deposition in tilapia fillet. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 24(February), 101502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101502
Gammone, M. A., Riccioni, G., Parrinello, G., & Dââ¬â¢orazio, N. (2019). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Benefits and endpoints in sport. Nutrients, 11(1), 1ââ¬â16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010046
Girsang, V., Reveny, J., & Nainggolan, M. (2020). Isolation and Characterization Collagen of Patin Fish Skin (Pangasius Sp.). Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 8(1), 47ââ¬â51. https://doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v8i1.661
Iswari, R. D. S., Wiradana, P. A., Kusdarwati, R., Suwanti, L. T., Kurniawan, S. B., & Abdullah, S. R. S. (2020). Prevalence and Intensity Level of Ectoparasites on Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) Cultured in Biofloc Systems at Sukabumi Regency , West Java , Indonesia. Technology Reports of Kansai University, 62(December), 5753ââ¬â5763.
Khairuman, & Sudenda, D. (2002). Budidaya Ikan Mas Secara Intensif. Agro Media Pustaka.
Khalida, A., Agustono, A., & Paramita, W. (2017). Penambahan Lisin pada Pakan Komersial terhadap Retensi Protein dan Retensi Energi Ikan Bawal Air Tawar (Colossoma macropomum) [Lysine Addition on Commercial Feed to the Protein Retention and Energy Retention Colossoma macropomum]. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 9(2), 98. https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v9i2.7637
KKP. (2010). Festival Raya Lele Nusantara.
Kwasek, K., Thorne-Lyman, A. L., & Phillips, M. (2020). Can human nutrition be improved through better fish feeding practices? a review paper. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 60(22), 3822ââ¬â3835. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1708698
Lakshmi, B., Syed, S., & Buddolla, V. (2019). Current Advances in the Protection of Viral Diseases in Aquaculture With Special Reference to Vaccination. In Recent Developments in Applied Microbiology and Biochemistry (pp. 127ââ¬â146). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816328-3.00010-6
Lazzarin, N., Vaquero, E., Exacoustos, C., Bertonotti, E., Romanini, M. E., & Arduini, D. (2009). Low-dose aspirin and omega-3 fatty acids improve uterine artery blood flow velocity in women with recurrent miscarriage due to impaired uterine perfusion. Fertility and Sterility, 92(1), 296ââ¬â300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.05.045
Lestari, D. U., Sumardianto, S., & Purnamayati, L. (2020). The Characteristics of Striped Catfish Oil (Pangasius hypophthalmus) Extracted by Dry Rendering Method at Different Temperatures. Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 35(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v35i1.31604
Longo, N., Frigeni, M., & Pasquali, M. (2016). Carnitine transport and fatty acid oxidation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research, 1863(10), 2422ââ¬â2435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.01.023
Nghia, T. T., Wille, M., Vandendriessche, S., Vinh, Q. T., & Sorgeloos, P. (2007). Influence of highly unsaturated fatty acids in live food on larviculture of mud crab Scylla paramamosain (Estampador 1949). Aquaculture Research, 38(14), 1512ââ¬â1528. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01815.x
Nirmala, K., Lesmono, D. P., & Djokosetiyanto, D. (2007). Effect of Salinity Adaptation Technique on Survival and Growth Rate of Patin Catfish, Pangasius sp. Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia, 4(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.19027/jai.4.25-30
Oboh, A., Kabeya, N., Carmona-Antoñanzas, G., Castro, L. F. C., Dick, J. R., Tocher, D. R., & Monroig, O. (2017). Two alternative pathways for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) biosynthesis are widespread among teleost fish. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 3889. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04288-2
Pizzini, A., Lunger, L., Demetz, E., Hilbe, R., Weiss, G., Ebenbichler, C., & Tancevski, I. (2017). The Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Reverse Cholesterol Transport: A Review. Nutrients, 9(10), 1099. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9101099
Pramudya, D. R. (2014). Pengaruh Pemberian Enzim Pada Pakan Komersil Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Rasio Konversi Pakan (FCR) Pada Ikan Patin (Pangasius sp.) [Universitas Airlangga]. http://repository.unair.ac.id/id/eprint/26347
Rario. (2015). Fish Fillet Catfish Processing Technology from Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science Ver. II, 9(5), 2319ââ¬â2399. https://doi.org/10.9790/2402-09521825
Riandi, M. I., Susilo, R. J. K., Sani, M. D., Maharani, A. Y., Soegianto, A., Putranto, T. W. C., & Wiradana, P. A. (2021). Surveillance Of Vibrio and Blue-Green Algae In Intensive System Of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) In Situbondo Regency, East Java , Indonesia. Poll Res, 40(2), 611ââ¬â616.
Scollan, N. D., Price, E. M., Morgan, S. A., Huws, S. A., & Shingfield, K. J. (2017). Can we improve the nutritional quality of meat? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 76(4), 603ââ¬â618. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665117001112
Serhan, C. N., Chiang, N., & Van Dyke, T. E. (2008). Resolving inflammation: dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution lipid mediators. Nature Reviews Immunology, 8(5), 349ââ¬â361. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2294
Smith, G. I., Atherton, P., Reeds, D. N., Mohammed, B. S., Rankin, D., Rennie, M. J., & Mittendorfer, B. (2011). Dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation increases the rate of muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 93(2), 402ââ¬â412. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.110.005611
Stoneham, T. R., Kuhn, D. D., Taylor, D. P., Neilson, A. P., Smith, S. A., Gatlin, D. M., Chu, H. S. S., & Oââ¬â¢Keefe, S. F. (2018). Production of omega-3 enriched tilapia through the dietary use of algae meal or fish oil: Improved nutrient value of fillet and offal. PLOS ONE, 13(4), e0194241. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194241
Syukur, A. G., Nurhayati, T., & Nurilmala, M. (2014). Karakteristik Filet Ikan Patin (Pangasius sp.) Dalam Negeri dan Impor [IPB University]. http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/71398
Tran, N., Rodriguez, U.-P., Chan, C. Y., Phillips, M. J., Mohan, C. V., Henriksson, P. J. G., Koeshendrajana, S., Suri, S., & Hall, S. (2017). Indonesian aquaculture futures: An analysis of fish supply and demand in Indonesia to 2030 and role of aquaculture using the AsiaFish model. Marine Policy, 79, 25ââ¬â32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.02.002
Wiradana, P. A., Mahasri, G., Sari, R. E. R., Marwiyah, U. C., & Prihadhana, R. (2019). Identification of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in pacific white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) from ponds postexposure to immunogenic membrane proteins (Zoothamnium penaei). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 236(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/236/1/012085
Wiradana, Putu Angga, Anjani, S., Yusup, D. S., Wiryatno, J., Melianawati, R., Naw, S. W., Nege, A. S., & Soegianto, A. (2020). Copepod growth populations ( Acartia sp .) in outdoor mass culture tanks : Exploring natural feed potentials for sustainable aquaculture. 26(3), 1382ââ¬â1387.
Wiradana, Putu Angga, Darmayasa, I. B. G., & Wiratmin, N. I. (2018). The Test of Saccharomyces sp. Potential Filtrate to Inhibit The Growth of Aspergillus flavus FNCC6109 Broiler Chicken Concentrate Feed Model. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference Postgraduate School, 532ââ¬â536. https://doi.org/10.5220/0007546405320536
Xie, F., Zeng, W., Zhou, Q., Wang, H., Wang, T., Zheng, C., & Wang, Y. (2012). Dietary lysine requirement of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 358ââ¬â359, 116ââ¬â121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.06.027
License
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
