Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): A Literature Review

Anak Agung Gede Agung Difa Agusta Pramana Putra; Adelya Rahma Dwiputri; Ayda Fitri Madani; Dhea Asty Ramadhani; Juan Maolidi; Muhammad Afif Rabbani; Muhammad Ilham Rizky; Azizatul Adni

doi:10.29303/jbt.v24i1b.7958

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): A Literature Review

Authors

Anak Agung Gede Agung Difa Agusta Pramana Putra , Adelya Rahma Dwiputri , Ayda Fitri Madani , Dhea Asty Ramadhani , Juan Maolidi , Muhammad Afif Rabbani , Muhammad Ilham Rizky , Azizatul Adni

DOI:

10.29303/jbt.v24i1b.7958

Published:

2024-12-25

Issue:

Vol. 24 No. 1b (2024): Special Issue

Keywords:

Anxiety disorder, clinical manifestation, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD, mental disorder, risk factor.

Articles

Downloads

How to Cite

Putra, A. A. G. A. D. A. P., Dwiputri, A. R., Madani, A. F., Ramadhani, D. A., Maolidi, J., Rabbani, M. A., … Adni, A. (2024). Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): A Literature Review. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 24(1b), 597–603. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v24i1b.7958

Download Citation

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Abstract

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a psychological disorder characterized by persistent and uncontrollable feelings of anxiety and worry that last for at least 6 months. In 2019, there were 301 million people in the world experiencing anxiety disorders, making GAD the most common mental disorder in the world. This literature review aims to increase knowledge about generalized anxiety disorder so that it can increase treatment rates and decrease social stigma attached to GAD. Sources for this review were gathered through online databases including review articles, research studies, and professional guidebooks related to the topic. The review results show that GAD has a wide range of risk factors including personal, social, and environmental factors. GAD can have severe complications if not treated properly, hence highlighting the need for early detection and effective treatments.

References

Adwas, A. A., Jbireal, J. M., & Azab, A. E. (2019). Anxiety: Insights into signs, symptoms, etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. East African Scholars Journal of Medical Sciences, 2(10), 580-591. https://doi.org/10.36349/EASMS.2019.v02i10.006

American Psychiatric Association, (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR). Available at: https://doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787

Batiari, N. M. P., Budiharto, B. and Suratmi, T. (2022). Kecemasan Remaja: Faktor-faktor Risiko Berdasarkan Model Ekologi Sosial. INSAN Jurnal Psikologi dan Kesehatan Mental, 7(1), pp.36–53. Available at: https://doi.org/10.20473/jpkm.v7i12022.36-53

Dumitrescu, N., Turliuc, Ş., Eva, L., Iliescu, D., Costea, F., Moroşan, G., Vatavu, R., Zanfirescu, R. and Sava, A. (2021). Risk Factors for the Development of Anxiety Disorders. 20(4), 246-256. Available at: https://revanatomie.ro/pdf/2021_4_2.pdf

Edinoff, A. et al. (2021). Benzodiazepines: Uses, Dangers, and Clinical Considerations. Neurology international, 13(4), 594–607. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint13040059

Gale, Christopher K., and Jane Millichamp (2016) "Generalized anxiety disorder in children and adolescents." BMJ clinical evidence. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4711893/pdf/2016-1002.pdf

Gottlieb, N., & Young, A. H. (2024). Antidepressants and Bipolar Disorder: The Plot Thickens. The American journal of psychiatry, 181(7), 575–577. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240411

Leichsenring, F., Klein, S. and Salzer, S. (2014) ‘Psychodynamic therapy of anxiety disorders’, The Wiley Handbook of Anxiety Disorders, pp. 852–864. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118775349.ch42

Milne, R. and Munro, M. (2020) Symptoms and causes of anxiety, and its diagnosis and management. Nursing Times [online]; 116 (10), 18-22. Available at: https://cdn.ps.emap.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/09/200909-Symptoms-and-causes-of-anxiety-and-its-diagnosis-and-management_NEW.pdf

Munir, S. and Takov, V. (2022) Generalized Anxiety Disorder, National Library of Medicine. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441870/

Narmandakh, A. et al. (2020). Psychosocial and biological risk factors of anxiety disorders in adolescents: a TRAILS report. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(12). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01669-3

Penninx, B. W., Pine, D. S., Holmes, E. A., & Reif, A. (2021). Anxiety disorders. Lancet (London, England), 397(10277), 914–927. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00359-7

Prajogo, S. L. and Yudiarso, A. (2021) ‘Meta Analisis Efektivitas Acceptance and Commitment Therapy untuk Menangani Gangguan Kecemasan Umum’, Psikologika: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Psikologi, 26(1), pp. 85–100. Available at: https://doi.org/10.20885/psikologika.vol26.iss1.art5

Prasetya, E.C., Lestari, R.D., Mahyuddin, M.H., Haniifah, U. and Atsira, O. (2023). The Psychodynamic Overview of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Young Adults. Medical and Health Science Journal, [online] 7(01), pp.57–64. Available at: https://doi.org/10.33086/mhsj.v7i01.3558

Preti, A. et al. (2021) ‘The lifetime prevalence and impact of generalized anxiety disorders in an epidemiologic Italian National Survey carried out by clinicians by means of semi-structured interviews’, BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), pp. 4–11. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03042-3

Strawn, J. R., Lu, L., Peris, T. S., Levine, A., & Walkup, J. T. (2021). Research Review: Pediatric anxiety disorders–what have we learnt in the last 10 years?. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(2), 114-139. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13262

Vildayanti, H., Puspitasari, I. M. and Sinuraya, R. K. (2018) ‘Review: Farmakoterapi Gangguan Anxietas’, Farmaka, 16(1), pp. 196–213. Available at: https://doi.org/10.24198/jf.v16i1.17446.g8635

Won, E. and Kim, Y.-K. (2020). Neuroinflammation-Associated Alterations of the Brain asPotential Neural Biomarkers in Anxiety Disorders. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, [online] 21(18), p.6546. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186546

World Health Organization (2022) Mental Disorders, World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-

World Health Organization (2023) Anxiety Disorders, World Health Organization. – Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/anxiety-disorders

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Anak Agung Gede Agung Difa Agusta Pramana Putra, Adelya Rahma Dwiputri, Ayda Fitri Madani, Dhea Asty Ramadhani, Juan Maolidi, Muhammad Afif Rabbani, Muhammad Ilham Rizky, Azizatul Adni

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.

Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Muhammad Ilham Rizky, Muhammad Afif Rabbani, Ayda Fitri Madani, Dhea Asty Ramadhani, Juan Maolidi, Anak Agung Gede Agung Difa Agusta Pramana Putra, Adelya Rahma Dwiputri, Choledocholithiasis: A Literature Review , Jurnal Biologi Tropis: Vol. 24 No. 4 (2024): Oktober - Desember
Disa Fadil Musyarof, Lu’lu Al Fatina Zahira, Ahmad Nur Rifa’i, Aisya Yafis Iqlima, Zirly Vera Aziri, Anak Agung Gede Agung Difa Agusta Pramana Putra, Sabila Izzatina Azmy Mujahid, Decky Aditya Zulkarnaen, Comprehensive Analysis of Abortion: Risk Factors, and Management in Reproductive Health , Jurnal Biologi Tropis: Vol. 24 No. 1b (2024): Special Issue
Muhammad Afif Rabbani, Adelya Rahma Dwiputri, Ajeng Ayu Putri, Anak Agung Gede Agung Difa, Ayda Fitri Madani, Dhea Asty Ramadhani, Juan Maolidi, Muhammad Ilham Rizky, Hagia Faranajhia, Luthfi Zakiyyah, Tazkiyah Arafah Amatullah, Yoga Pamungkas Susani, Beyond Type 1 and Type 2: Literature Review of Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Diagnosis of Other Type Diabetes Mellitus , Jurnal Biologi Tropis: Vol. 24 No. 1b (2024): Special Issue
Ajeng Ayu Putri, Anang Hermansyah, Hagia Faranajhia, Lalu Maulana Azmi Gifari, Luthfi Zakiyyah, Muhammad Fauzan, Tazkiyah Arafah Amatullah, Azizatul Adni, Clinical Manifestation of Depression in Adolescent: A Literature Review , Jurnal Biologi Tropis: Vol. 24 No. 1b (2024): Special Issue
Muhammad Raksa Nagara Dijaya, Anak Agung Ayu Niti Wedayani, Pujiarohman Pujiarohman, Azizatul Adni, Incidence of Insomnia in Geriatric Patients at the Taliwang Health Center in 2025 , Jurnal Biologi Tropis: Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): April-Juni
Hagia Faranajhia, Juan Maolidi, Muhammad Afif Rabbani, A. A. Gede Agung Difa Agusta, Muhammad Ilham Rizky, Ayda Fitri Madani, Adelya Rahma Dwiputri, Dhea Asty Ramadhani, Luthfi Zakiyyah, Ajeng Ayu Putri, Tazkiyah Arafah Amatullah, Nail Disorders in Systemic Diseases: A literatur Review , Jurnal Biologi Tropis: Vol. 24 No. 1b (2024): Special Issue
Natalia Tantowi, Anak Agung Ayu Niti Wedayani, Pujiarohman Pujiarohman, Azizatul Adni, I Gusti Ketut Artha Jaya Kusuma, The Incidence of Depression in Elderly Patients with Hypertension Stage 2 in Karang Taliwang , Jurnal Biologi Tropis: Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): April-Juni
Reivirly Khairadaty Maghfirahandini, Mahacita Andanalusia, Azizatul Adni, Yoga Dwi Saputra, Description of Interprofessional Collaboration Between Pharmacists and Doctors in Management of TBC Patients in Community Health Lombok Island , Jurnal Biologi Tropis: Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Lu'lu Al Fatina Zahira, Ayda Fitri Madani , Nilam Nurmilatun Kamilah , Zhafirah Amany , Andina Nabilah Mario , Annisa Risqi Amaliya , Ini Hidayat Makbul , Luthfi Zakiyyah , I Nengah Andra Putra Pramudya , Made Raditya Arhya Putra , Navigating Non-Immune Hemolytic Anemia Membranopathy: Definitions to Clinical Strategies , Jurnal Biologi Tropis: Vol. 24 No. 1b (2024): Special Issue
Ni Luh Eka Sudiawati Putri, Yoga Dwi Saputra, Azizatul Adni, Relationship Between Attitude and Knowledge Towards Level of Compliance in Taking Medication , Jurnal Biologi Tropis: Vol. 25 No. 3 (2025): Juli-September

1 2 > >>

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): A Literature Review

Authors

DOI:

Published:

Issue:

Keywords:

Articles

Downloads

How to Cite

Downloads

Metrics

Abstract

References

License

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

Menu

Manuscript Template

visitor

Keywords

Mitra Kerja sama

Open Access Journals

Contact Us

Information

Share & Follow