Effect of Bay Leaf Extract (Syzygium polyanthum) on The Histopathological Appearance of Large Intestine of White Rats (Rattus novergicus) Induced by Ibuprofen
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11206Published:
2026-01-10Downloads
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), particularly Ibuprofen, are widely used for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, irrational or prolonged use may lead to gastrointestinal injury, including NSAID-induced colitis, due to the inhibition of protective prostaglandins in the mucosa. Syzygium polyanthum (bay leaf) extract contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and essential oils with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a potential agent for improving mucosal damage in the colon. Objective to determine the effect of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) extract on the histopathological features of the colon in Sprague Dawley rats induced with Ibuprofen. This study was an experimental laboratory research using a posttest-only control group design. Thirty male Sprague Histopathological assessment of the colon was performed across five fields of view using the scoring system. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Mann–Whitney test. The positive control group exhibited severe mucosal damage with extensive epithelial erosion and inflammatory infiltration. The P1 group (50 mg/kgBW) showed moderate improvements, while the P2 group (150 mg/kgBW) demonstrated reduced inflammation and ulceration. The highest dose group, P3 (250 mg/kgBW), showed the most prominent mucosal recovery, with significantly milder lesions compared to other groups. Bay leaf extract significantly improves the histopathological condition of the colon in Ibuprofen-induced rats. Higher doses of the extract result in better mucosal healing and reduced tissue damage.
Keywords:
Colon histopathology Inflammation Ibuprofen Sprague Dawley rats Syzygium polyanthum extractReferences
Agustina, R. (2015). Aktivitas ekstrak daun salam (eugenia polyantha) sebagai antiinflamasi pada tikus putih (rattus norvegicus). Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry. 3(2):120–3. https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/111
Anggraini, A. (2020). Manfaat antioksidan daun salam terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan penurunan apoptosis neuron di hippocampus otak tikus yang mengalami diabetes. Jurnal Medika Hutama, 2(01 Oktober), 349-355. https://jurnalmedikahutama.com/index.php/JMH/article/view/88
Anggraini, A. (2020). Manfaat antioksidan daun salam terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan penurunan apoptosis neuron di hippocampus otak tikus yang mengalami diabetes. Jurnal Medika Hutama, 2(01 Oktober), 349-355.
Brunton LL, Lazo JS, & Parker KL. (2006). The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics karya Goodman & Gilman. Edisi ke-11. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division.
Carson, F. L., & Hladik, C. (1997). Histotechnology: a self-instructional text (Vol. 96, pp. 189-202). Chicago: ASCP press. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1527249
Chiorean, L., Caraiani, C., Radziņa, M., Jedrzejczyk, M., Schreiber-Dietrich, D., & Dietrich, C. F. (2016). Vascular phases in imaging and their role in focal liver lesions assessment. Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation, 62(4), 299-326. 10.3233/CH-151971
Depkes RI. (2023). Pedoman Penggunaan Obat Bebas dan Bebas Terbatas. Pedoman Pengguna Obat Bebas dan Bebas Terbatas. 2023;1–78.
Dewi, I. P., Viadina, Z. A., Aldiana, M., & Fajrin, F. A. (2022). Phytochemical Screening, Total Flavonoid And Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition Of Red Sugar Leaf Ethanol Extract. Medical Sains: Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian, 7(4), 797-808. 10.37874/ms.v7i4.447
Díaz, H. S., Ríos-Gallardo, A., Ortolani, D., Díaz-Jara, E., Flores, M. J., Vera, I., ... & Río, R. D. (2022). Lipid-Encapsuled Grape Tannins Prevent Oxidative-Stress-Induced Neuronal Cell Death, Intracellular ROS Accumulation and Inflammation. Antioxidants, 11(10), 1928. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11101928
Fitrian, A., Bashori, A., & Sudiana, I. K. (2018). Efek angiogenesis gel ekstrak daun lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) pada luka insisi tikus. Jurnal Biosains Pascasarjana, 20(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.20473/jbp.v20i1.2018.22-32
Handayani, I., Widara, R. T., Wardana, F. Y., Aditiya, C. M. (2024). Analisis Bahan Kimia Obat dalam Sediaan Jamu Pegal Linu dengan Metode KLT dan Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis. Reslaj Relig Educ Soc Laa Roiba J. 2024;6(8):4244–58. https://doi.org/10.47467/reslaj.v6i8.4358
Husna, F., Suyatna, F. D., Arozal, W., & Purwaningsih, E. H. (2019). Model hewan coba pada penelitian diabetes. Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 6(3), 1. https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v6i3.4531
Khairun, N. B., & Desty, M. (2018). Efektivitas kulit batang bakau minyak (Rhizopora apiculata) sebagai antioksidan. Jurnal Agromedicine, 5(1), 412-417. https://juke.kedokteran.unila.ac.id/index.php/agro/article/view/1975
Maligan, J. M., Caitlin, M. A., Nurcholis, M., Megatama, R. P., & Maharani, A. I. (2025, December). Karakterisasi Profil Asam Organik Dan Senyawa Volatil Kombucha Rempah. In Prosiding Seminar Teknologi Pertanian Indonesia (STPI) (Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 30-43). https://prosiding-stpi.ub.ac.id/index.php/stpi2023/article/view/82
Nurhayati S, Wahyuni H, Dewi K. (2021). Teknik Euthanasia dan Bedah Organ Internal pada Hewan Coba. Surabaya: Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Airlangga; 2021. p. 1–14.
Pulungan, D. R. A., Syahfitri, D., Adelia, D., & Salsabila, R. F. (2024). Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) Rempah Khas Indonesia dengan Berbagai Manfaat Farmakologi: Literature Review. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v4i3.28452
Puspitandaru, G. G. (2021). Degenerasi dan nekrosis pada neuron penyusun sistem saraf enterik di usus halus dan usus besar tikus yang diinjeksi paraquat dichloride. Livestock and Animal Research. 19(2): 188. 10.20961/lar.v19i2.47176
Putri, C. R. D. (2024). Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) Terhadap Kadar Interleukin-6 (IL-6)(Studi Eksperimental pada Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Karagenan) (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang).
Rani S, & Sari IP. (2020). Pola Penggunaan Obat Anti Inflamasi Nonsteroid (AINS) di Indonesia Berdasarkan Data Riskesdas 2013. Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia. 17(2):81–89.
Rifzian, M. R. D. (2021). Efek protektif ekstrak daun alpukat (persea americana mill.) terhadap gastritis yang diinduksi aspirin. Jurnal Medika Hutama, 3(01 Oktober), 1480-1487. https://jurnalmedikahutama.com/index.php/JMH/article/view/301
Samodra, G., Kusuma, I. Y., & Melani, R. (2023). Effectiveness of Cream Preparations Combination of Bay Leaf Extract (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) and Papaya Leaf (Carica Papaya L) as Anti-Inflammation. Journal of Advanced Health Informatics Research, 1(2), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.59247/jahir.v1i2.37
Sari, N. P. D., & Haresmita, P. P. (2023). Analisis Kualitatif Bahan Kimia Obat Dalam Jamu Pegal Linu Di Wilayah Magelang. Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik, 20(1), 53-59. https://doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v20i1.8273
Sihotang, S., Simanjuntak, H. A., Purba, H., Iksen, I., & Sembiring, M. E. (2025). Identifikasi Komponen Minyak Atsiri Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight Walp.) dengan GC-MS dan Potensinya Sebagai Antibakteri. Herbal Medicine Journal, 8(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.58996/hmj.v8i1.137
Soleha, M., Isnawati, A., Fitri, N., Adelina, R., Soblia, H. T., & Winarsih, W. (2018). Profil penggunaan obat antiinflamasi nonstreoid di Indonesia. Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia, 109-117. https://doi.org/10.22435/jki.v8i2.316
Sudarma, I. W. A. (2024). Potensi Aktivitas Neuroprotektif Senyawa Fitokimia dalam Markisa (Passiflora edulis) sebagai Pencegah Penyakit Alzheimer. In Prosiding Workshop dan Seminar Nasional Farmasi (Vol. 3, pp. 339-351). https://ejournal1.unud.ac.id/index.php/wsnf/article/view/1220
Syafriati, A. (2025). Manfaat Daun Salam Dan Daun Kemangi Dalam Sebagai Antiglikemia, Antiinflamasi Dan Antioksidan Pada Penderita DM Tipe 2. Jurnal kesehatan dan pembangunan, 15(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.52047/jkp.v15i1.363
Wilapangga, A., & Sari, L. P. (2018). Analisis fitokimia dan antioksidan metode DPPH ekstrak metanol daun salam (Eugenia polyantha). Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.47007/ijobb.v2i1.27
Zhang, M., Xia, F., Xia, S., Zhou, W., Zhang, Y., Han, X., ... & Liao, J. (2022). NSAID-associated small intestinal injury: an overview from animal model development to pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 818877. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.818877
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Patrick David Altissimo Balbesi, Efrisca M. Br. Damanik, Sangguana Marthen Jacobus Koamesah, Regina M. Hutasoit
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
