Nanoparticle Formula Optimization of Juwet Seeds Extract (Syzygium cumini) using Simplex Lattice Design Method
Authors
Yohanes Juliantoni , Wahida Hajrin , Windah Anugrah SubaidahDOI:
10.29303/jbt.v20i3.2124Published:
2020-11-17Issue:
Vol. 20 No. 3 (2020): September - DesemberKeywords:
Syzygium cumini, Nanoparticle, Simplex Lattice DesignArticles
Downloads
How to Cite
Downloads
Metrics
Abstract
Diabetes is a degenerative disease whose numbers continue to increase from year to year. Treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs can cause harmful side effects for patients. One of the plants that can be used for diabetes therapy is juwet (Syzygium cumini L.). Flavonoid compounds of juwet seed is easily oxidized and hydrolyzed in intestinal fluids with low absorption. This problem can be overcome by forming nanoparticle of juwet seed extract. The aims of this study was to obtain the formula for juwet seed nanoparticles. Nanoparticle of juwet seed extract made by ionic gelation method with chitosan and Na-TPP polymers which are varied. The formula optimization design in this study was determined using a simplex lattice design by 3 variations of materials based on the parameters %entrapment efficiency, %transmittant, particle size, polydisperse index, and zeta potential. The results showed that the yield of duwet seed extract was 7,44%. Juwet seed ethanolic extract contains 3.33 mg of quercetin per 1 g of extract. Based on the desirability value approach, the optimum formula was produced with an extract composition of 1.650 mL; chitosan 0.500 mL; and Na-TPP 0.010 mL can give optimal results with a desirability value of 0.772 which results in the criteria of 63.66% entrapment efficiency; 50.56% transmittant; 615,833nm particle size; 0.620 PDI; and zeta potential of +13.89 mV. Juwet seeds extract can be formulated into the form of nanoparticles. To get better parameters, it is advisable to optimize the mixing time and mixing speed in the ionic gelation method.References
Alauhdin, M. & Widiarti, N. (2014). Sintesis dan Modifikasi Lapis Tipis Kitosan-Tripolifosfat. Jurnal MIPA. 37(1): 46-52. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/JM/article/view/3147. (Accessed on April 17, 2020).
Depkes (2009). Farmakope Herbal Indonesia. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.
Faria, A.F., Marques, M.C., & Mercadante A.Z. (2011). Identification of bioactive compounds from jambolão (Syzygium cumini) and antioxidant capacity evaluation in different pH conditions. Food Chemistry, 126: 1571ââ¬â1578. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.007.
George, M. & Abraham, T.E. (2006). Polyionic hydrocolloids for the intestinal delivery of protein drugs: Alginate and chitosan ââ¬â a review. Journal of Controlled Release, 114: 1ââ¬â14. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.04.017.
Holstein, A. & Egberts, E.H. (2003). Risk of Hypoglycaemia with Oral Antidiabetic Agents in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, 111: 405ââ¬â414. DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-44287.
Khairani, R. (2007). Prevalensi diabetes melitus dan hubungannya dengan kualitas hidup lanjut usia di masyarakat. Universa Medicina, 26: 9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18051/UnivMed.2007.v26.18-26.
Kumar, A., Ilavarasan, R., Jayachandran, T., Deecaraman, M., Aravindan, P., Padmanabhan, N. & Krishan, M.R.V. (2008). Anti-diabetic activity of Syzygium cumini and its isolated compound against streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2(9): 246ââ¬â249. https://academicjournals.org/article/article1380381651_Kumar et al.pdf (Accessed on April 20, 2020).
Lin, Y.H., Sonaje, K., Lin, K.M., Juang, J.H., Mi, F.L., Yang, H.W. & Sung, H.W. (2008). Multi-ion-crosslinked nanoparticles with pH-responsive characteristics for oral delivery of protein drugs. Journal of Controlled Release, 132: 141ââ¬â149. DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.08.020.
Murdock, R.C., Braydich-Stolle, L., Schrand, A.M., Schlager, J.J. & Hussain, S.M. (2008). Characterization of Nanoparticle Dispersion in Solution Prior to In Vitro Exposure using Dynamic Light Scattering Technique. Toxicol Sci, 101: 239-253. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm240.
Qaseem, A., Humphrey, L.L., Sweet, D.E., Starkey, M. & Shekelle, P. (2012). Oral Pharmacologic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine, 156(3): 218. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-156-3-201202070-00011.
Ramadhan, L.O.A.N., Radiman, C.L., Wahyuningrum, D., Suendo, V., Ahmad, L.O. & Valiyaveetiil, S. (2010). Deasetilasi Kitin Bertahap dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Derajat Deasetilasi serta massa molekul kitosan. Jurnal Kimia Indonesia, 5(1): 17-21. http://karyailmiah.uho.ac.id/karya_ilmiah/Ahmad_Mipa/18_Deasetilasi_kitin.pdf (Accessed on April 17, 2020).
Stamatialis, D.F., Papenburg, B.J., Gironââ¬â¢es, M., Saiful, S., Bettahalli, S.N.M., Schmitmeier, S. & Wessling M. (2008). Medical applications of membraness: Drug delivery, artificial organ and tissue engineering. J Membrane Sciences, 308: 1-34. DOI:10.1016/J.MEMSCI.2007.09.059.
Schipper, N.G.M., Olsson, S., Hoogstraate, J.A., deBoer, A.G., VÃÂ¥rum, K.M. & Artursson, P. (1997). Chitosan as absortion enhancers for poorly absorbable drugs 2: mechanism of absorbtion. Pharmaceutical Research, 14: 923ââ¬â929. DOI: 10.1023/a: 1012160102740.
Sharma, B., Balomajumder, C. & Roy, P., (2008). Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of flavonoid rich extract from Eugenia jambolana seeds on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46: 2376ââ¬â2383. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.03.020.
Swami, S.B., Thakor, N.S.J., Patil, M.M. & Haldankar, P.M. (2012). Jamun (Syzygium cumini (L.)): A Review of Its Food and Medicinal Uses. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 3(8): 1100ââ¬â1117. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/fns.2012.38146.
Tiyaboonchai, W. (2013). Chitosan Nanoparticles: A Promising System for Drug Delivery. Naresuan University Journal, 11 (3): 51-66. http://www.journal.nu.ac.th/NUJST/article/view/250.htm (Accessed on Mei 19, 2020).
Zhang, M., Li, X.H., Gong, Y.D., Zhao, N.M. & Zhang, X.F. (2002). Properties and biocompatibility of chitosan films modified by blending with PEG. Biomaterials, 23(13): 2641-2648. DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00403-3.
Author Biographies
Yohanes Juliantoni, Universitas Mataram
Wahida Hajrin, Universitas Mataram
Windah Anugrah Subaidah, Universitas Mataram
License
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.