Assessment of Soil Macrofauna Diversity in Rice Fields and Dry Lands in Panti District, Jember Regency
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11613Published:
2026-03-04Downloads
Abstract
The variety of soil macrofauna serves as a biological indicator to assess the sustainability of land, especially in farming areas. Soil macrofauna are essential in the nutrient cycle. Macrofauna significantly contribute to the decomposition of soil litter into organic materials. Environmental factors affect the presence of soil macrofauna. Important environmental factors include soil pH, soil temperature, and soil organic carbon content. Differences in these three factors are directly visible in agricultural lands, particularly between rice paddies and drylands. Rice paddies are actively cultivated and flooded agricultural lands. Meanwhile, drylands are agricultural lands that are not actively cultivated. The author intends to explore the variety of soil macrofauna in two distinct land settings. Additionally, the author seeks to assess how variations in land conditions impact the diversity of soil macrofauna. Samples of soil were collected from eight sites located at elevations between 91 and 600 meters above sea level, which included four rice fields and four dryland areas. The study examined several factors, such as soil temperature, soil pH, soil organic matter, and the biodiversity of soil macrofauna. Soil temperature was measured with a soil thermometer. The soil pH was assessed using a pH meter, while soil organic matter was evaluated with the Walkey and Black technique. Observations of soil macrofauna were carried out employing hand sorting and the Berlesse funnel extraction method. The biodiversity of soil macrofauna was determined using the Shannon's Weaver Diversity Index and the Margalef Species Richness Index equations. The findings indicated that soil temperature varied from 23.47 to 27.60 degrees Celsius, soil pH varied from 4.65 to 6.72, and the percentage of soil organic matter ranged from 1.66 to 3.62%. These three elements displayed a negative relationship with the diversity of soil macrofauna, while positively correlating with the richness of soil macrofauna species.
Keywords:
Biodiversity Dry Lands Rice fields Soil macrofaunaReferences
Ahmed, Z., Ali, R. M., Ali, J., Liu, W. & Xu, J. (2024). Unraveling the Symphony of Soil Fauna and Quality Parameters for Soil Sustainability: A Thematic Review. International Journal of Research and Review, 11(7): 90-108. doi: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20240710
Anugrah, D., Indriani, D. & Pariyanto. Keanekaragaman Makrofauna Tanah pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Kecamatan Karang Tinggi Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah. Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Pendidikan Sains, 1(2): 81-95. doi: https://doi.org/10.36085/jrips.v1i2.3599
Apriani, R. R., Santoao, U., Mulyawan, R. & Ellya, H. (2022). Keanekaragaman Makrofauna Tanah pada Beberapa Variasi Vegetasi di Lahan Penelitian Agroekoteknologi Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. Agritrop, 20(1): 84-92. doi: https://doi.org/10.32528/agritrop.v20i1.7306
Batista, I., Machado, D. L., Correia, M. E. F., Spinelli, M. H. M. & Cora, J.E. (2023). Soil Macrofauna Correlations With Soil Chemical and Physical Properties and Crop Sequences Under No-Tillage. Rev Bras Cienc, 47: 1-17. doi: https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20230006
Crowther, T. W., Hoogen, J. V. D., Wan, J., Mayes, M. A., Keiser, A. D., Mo, L., Averill, C. & Maynard, D. S. (2019). The Global Soil Community and Its Influence on Biogeochemistry. Soil Ecology, 365. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aav0550
Delgado-Baquerizo, M., Guerra, C. A., Cano-Diaz, C. & Egidi, E. (2020). The Proportion of Soil-Borne Pathogens Increases with Warming at The Global Scale. Nature Climate Change, 10(6). doi: 10.1038/s41558-020-0759-3
Diamond, S. E., Nichols, L. M., McCoy, N., Hirsch, C., Pelini, S. L., Sanders, N. J., Ellison, A. M., Gotelli, N. J. & Dunn, R. R. (2012). A Physiological Trait-Based Approach to Predicting the Responses of Species to Experimental Climate Warming. Ecology, 93(11): 2305-2312. doi: 10.2307/41739301
Duddigan, S., Fraser, T., Green, I., Diaz, A., Sizmur, T. & Tibbett, M. (2021). Plant, soil and faunal responses to a contrived pH gradient. Plant Soil, 462: 505-524. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-04879-z
Gao, M., Peng, C., Hu,Y., Liu, W., Ye, Y., Zheng, Y. & Chen T. (2023). Composition and vertical distribution of agricultural soil Macrofauna community after an extreme high temperature event in the summer of 2022. Ecological Indicators, 153: 1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110439
Guerra, C. A., Heintz-Buschart, A., Sikorski, J. & Chatzinotas, A. (2020). Blind Spots In Global Soil Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function Research. Nature Communication, 11(1):1-13. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17688-2
Guerra, C. A., Eisenhauer, N., Tebbe, C. C., Xylander, W. E. R., Albert, W., Babin, D., Bartkowski, B., Burkhard, B., Filser, J., Haase, D., Hohberg, K., Kleemann, J., Kolb, S., Lachmann, C., Riling, M. C., Rombke, J., Ruess, L., Scheu, S., Scheunemann, N., Steinhoff-Knopp, B. & Wellbrock, N. (2024). Foundations for a National Assessment of Soil Biodiversity. Sustainable Agriculture and Environment, 3:e12116: 1-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/sae2.12116
Hambali, M. D., Nuraulia, A. & Sulistyawati, E. (2019). Perbandingan Faktor Edafik Terhadap Komunitas Makrofauna Tanah Di Dua Ekosistem Yang Berbeda Sebagai Indikator Hutan Yang Berkelanjutan. Biotika, 17(2): 38-45. doi: https://doi.org/10.24198/biotika.v17i2.26647
Karyaningsih, I., Hendrayana, Y. & Kustiawan, I. (2021). Keanekaragaman Makrofauna Tanah Di Zona Rehabilitasi Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai Blok Pasirbatang Desa Karangsari Kabupaten Kuningan. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Biologi, 13(1): 60-67. doi: 10.25134/quagga.v13i1.3521.
Korobushkin, D. I., Gongalsky, K. B., Gorbunova, A. Y., Palatov, D. M., Shekhovtsov, S. V., Tanasevitch, A. V., Volkova, J. S., Chimidov, S. N., Dedova, E. B., Ladatko, V. A., Sunitskaya, T. V., John, K., Saifutdinov, R. A. & Zaitsev, A. S. (2019). Mechanisms Of Soil Macrofauna Community Sustainability In Temperate Rice-Growing Systems. Scienctific Report, 9:10197. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46733-4
Manu, M., Bancila, R. I., Mountford, O. J. & Onete, M. (2022). Soil Invertebrate Communities as Indicator of Ecological Conservation Status of Some Fertilised Grasslands from Romania. Diversity, 14: 1031. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/d14121031
Philips, H. R. P., Guerra, C. A., Bartz, M. L. C. & Briones, M. J. I. (2019). Global Distribution of Earthworm Diversity. Science, 366(6464): 480-485. doi: 10.1126/science.aax4851
Putra I.L.I., Setiawan H., & Suprihatini N. (2021). Keanekaragaman Jenis Semut (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) di Sekitar Kampus 4 Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta. Biospecies, 14(2): 20-30. doi: https://doi.org/10.22437/biospecies.v14i2.12905
Qomariyah, N., Nugroho, A. S. & Hayat., M. S. (2021). Makrofauna Tanah Di Lahan Hortikultura Desa Losari Kecamatan Sumowono Kabupaten Semarang. Quangga Jurnal Pendidikan dan Biologi, 13(1): 68-73. doi: 10.25134/quagga.v13i1.3613.
Rayela, R. N. E ., Fetiza, A. P. S. & Estorico, G. C. (2025). The Impact of Soil pH on Earthworm Diversity and Abundance: A Systematic Review of Soil Acidity and its Effects on Vermicommunities. International Journal od Innovative Science and Research Technology, 10(4): 488-494. doi: https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25apr031
Roeder, K. A., Roeder, D. V. & Bujan, J. (2021). Ant Thermal Tolerance: A Review of Methods, Hypotheses, and Sources of Variation. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 20(10): 1-11. doi: 10.1093/aesa/saab018
Ruess, L., Kolb, S., Eisenhauer, N. & Ristok, C. (2025). Soil Biodiversity Promotes Key Ecosystem Functions by Its Complex Structure and Interactions – State and Perspectives. Soil Organisms, 97(2): 115-128. doi: https://doi.org/10.25674/450
Rusniarsyah, L. & Padilah, N. M. (2025). Keanekaragaman Fauna Tanah di Lahan Agroforestri Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, 16(01): 89-97. doi: https://doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.16.1.87-95
Sulistyorini, E., Widyastuti, R. & Santoso, S. (2021). Kelimpahan Fauna Tanah pada Ekosistem Pascabakar Kecamatan Mentebah, Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia. Agro Bali Agriculture Journal, 4(3): 362-369. doi: https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v4i3.745
Wibowo, C. & Slamet, A. (2017) Keanekaragaman Makrofauna Tanah Pada Berbagai Tipe Tegakan Di Areal Bekas Tambang Silika Di Holcim Educational Forest, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, 8(1): 26-34. doi: https://doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.8.1.26-34
Youngsteadt, E., Prado, S. G., Keleher, K. J. & Kirchner, M. (2022). Can Behaviour and Physiology Mitigate Effects of Warming on Ectotherms? A Test in Urban Ants. Journal of Animal Ecology, 92: 568-579. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.13860
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Laily Mutmainnah, Dimas Verdian Ramdhani, Tri Candra Setiawati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
