Effect of Biofermentation Duration of Chromolaena odorata with Liquid Palm Sugar as A Carbon Source on Content and in vitro Digestibility of Crude Protein and Crude Fiber
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12733Published:
2026-07-17Downloads
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of biofermentation duration of Chromolaena odorata using liquid palm sugar as a carbon source on crude protein content, crude fiber content, and the in vitro digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber. The experiment employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and four replications, resulting in 16 experimental units. The treatments were biofermentation for 0 days (LB-0), 7 days (LB-7), 14 days (LB-14), and 21 days (LB-21, control). The observed parameters included crude protein content, crude fiber content, in vitro digestibility of crude protein, and in vitro digestibility of crude fiber. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that biofermentation duration significantly affected (P<0.05) crude fiber content and in vitro crude fiber digestibility but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on crude protein content or in vitro crude protein digestibility. The lowest crude fiber content (17.55%) and the highest in vitro crude fiber digestibility (17.88%) were obtained after 7 and 14 days of biofermentation, respectively. Overall, biofermentation using liquid palm sugar effectively reduced crude fiber content and improved crude fiber digestibility, with 7 days identified as the optimal biofermentation duration. However, this treatment did not improve crude protein content or in vitro crude protein digestibility.
Keywords:
Chromolaena odorata Crude protein Crude fiber In vitro crude protein digestibility In vitro crude fiber digestibilityReferences
Anggorodi, R. (1994). Ilmu Makanan Ternak Umum. Penerbit PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
Bira, G. F., Tahuk, P. K., Kia, K. W., Hartun, S. K., & Nitsae, F. (2020). Karakteristik silase semak bunga putih (Chromolaena odorata) dengan penambahan jenis karbohidrat terlarut yang berbeda. Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia, 15(4), 367-374. https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/jspi/article/view/12657
Farliansyah, F. (2020). Kandungan Protein Kasar dan Serat Kasar Tongkol Jagung Fermentasi Menggunakan Cairan Rumen sebagai Inokulan. Buletin Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak, 14 (2). 10.20956/bnmt.v14i2.12551
Hartadi, H., S. Reksohadiprodjo, & A.D. Tillman. (1997). Tabel Komposisi Pakan untuk Indonesia. Cetakan Kelima. Universitas Gadjah Mada Press, Yogyakarta.
Helda, S. C. (2012). Fermentasi kotoran kambing dan ayam dengan nira lontar sebagai pakan ayam. Partner, 19(1), 112-120.
Lakapu, I. E. O., Dato, T. O. D., & Mulik, Y. M. (2022). Pengaruh Fermentasi Tongkol Jagung dengan Ragi Tape Komersial terhadap Kandungan Serta Kecernaan Selulosa, Hemiselulosa dan Lignin Secara In Vitro. Jurnal Peternakan Lahan Kering, 4(3), 2278-â. https://doi.org/10.57089/jplk.v4i3.1368
Leki, S. R., Dato, T. O. D., Mullik, M. L., & Benu, I. (2024). Pengaruh lama waktu biofermentasi Chromolaena odorata dengan sumber karbon gula lontar cair terhadap kandungan energi. Animal Agricultura, 2(1), 506-517. https://doi.org/10.59891/animacultura.v2i1.70
Mardawati, E., Andoyo, R., Syukra, K. A., Kresnowati, M. T. A. P., & Bindar, Y. (2018, March). Production of xylitol from corn cob hydrolysate through acid and enzymatic hydrolysis by yeast. In IOP conference series: earth and environmental science (Vol. 141, No. 1, p. 012019). IOP Publishing. 10.1088/1755-1315/141/1/012019
Mulik, Y. M. (2016). Pemanfaatan Chromolaena odorata sebagai pakan ternak potensial dengan berbagai macam metode pengolahan (Tesis, Institut Pertanian Bogor).
Mullik, M. L., Henuk, Y. L., & Dami Dato, T. O. (2015). Inklusi tepung krokot (Portulaca oleracea L.) dalam ransum ayam broiler untuk produksi daging rendah kolesterol dan kaya antioksidan (Laporan penelitian). Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Nusa Cendana.
Mullik, M. L., Oematan, G., Dami Dato, T. O., & Permana, B. (2017). Chromolaena odorata weed biofermentation for high protein and low antinutrient ruminant feed production (Research report). University of Nusa Cendana.
Mullik, M. L., Sabneno, A. Y., Yunus, M., & Dami Dato, T. O. (2022). Level ragi tape dalam proses biokonversi tongkol jagung mempengaruhi kandungan protein kasar dan kecernaan in vitro serat kasar. Pastura, 12(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.24843/Pastura.2022.v12.i01.p06
Nomleni, M., Dami Dato, T. O., Lestari, G. A. Y., & Mullik, M. L. (2025). Pengaruh lama waktu biofermentasi Chromolaena odorata dengan sumber karbon tepung putak terhadap kandungan serta kecernaan protein kasar dan lemak kasar in vitro. Animal Agricultura, 2(3), 828–839.
Oematan, G. (2020). Optimalisasi biofermentasi dalam rumen dan pertumbuhan sapi Bali menggunakan semak bunga putih (Chromolaena odorata) disuplementasi analog hidroksi metionin dan asam lemak tidak jenuh (Disertasi, Universitas Nusa Cendana).
Oematan, G., Hartati, E., Mullik, M. L., Taratiba, N., Dami Dato, T. O., Lestari, G. A. Y., & Oematan, G. T. S. (2023). Konsentrasi hormon testosteron dan profil darah sapi Bali yang diberi Chromolaena odorata, analog hidroksi metionin, dan minyak nabati. Jurnal Nukleus Peternakan, 10(1), 9–20. https://doi.org/10.35508/nukleus.v10i1.10570
Oematan, G., Hartati, E., Mullik, M. L., & Taratiba, N. (2020). Bio-fermentation improved the nutritional values of Chromolaena odorata utilization as Bali cattle feed source. International Journal of Science and Research, 9(8), 1524–1533. https://doi.org/10.21275/SR20822142035
Paramita, W., Susanto, W. E., & Yulianto, A. B. (2008). Konsumsi dan kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik dalam haylase pakan lengkap ternak sapi Peranakan Ongole. Media Kedokteran Hewan, 24(1), 59–62.
Prasetyo, A. B., Tampoebolon, B. I. M., & Nuswantara, L. K. (2022). Kandungan serat kasar, kecernaan serat kasar, dan fermentabilitas bonggol singkong yang difermentasi menggunakan Aspergillus niger. Jurnal Agripet, 22(2), 204–212. https://doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v22i2.24479
Rostini, T., Jaelani, A., & Ali, M. (2022). Pengaruh lama fermentasi terhadap karakteristik, kandungan protein, dan serat kasar tongkol jagung. Ziraa'ah Majalah Ilmiah Pertanian, 47(2), 257–266. https://doi.org/10.31602/zmip.v47i2.6372
Setiawan, B. (2017). Kandungan protein kasar dan serat kasar dedak padi yang difermentasi dengan mikroorganisme lokal (Skripsi, Universitas Hasanuddin).
Setiawan, Y. (2020). Analisis fisikokimia gula aren cair. Agroscience, 10(1), 69–78.
Sitompul, S., & Martini. (2005). Penetapan kadar serat kasar dalam pakan ternak tanpa ekstraksi lemak. Dalam Prosiding Temu Teknis Nasional Tenaga Fungsional Pertanian (hlm. 96–99).
Sobowale, A. A., Odebode, A. C., Cardwell, K. F., & Bandyopadhyay, R. (2009). Suppression of growth of Fusarium verticillioides using strains of Trichoderma harzianum from maize (Zea mays) plant parts and its rhizosphere. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 49(4), 452–459. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10045-009-0071-1
Sondakh, E. H. B., Waani, M. R., Kalele, J. A. D., & Rimbing, S. C. (2018). Evaluation of dry matter digestibility and organic matter of in vitro unsaturated fatty acid-based ration of ruminant. International Journal of Current Advanced Research, 7(6), 13582–13584.
Suprihatin. (2010). Teknologi fermentasi. Universitas Negeri Surabaya Press.
Sulaiman. (1988). Studi peningkatan kualitas kulit singkong dengan fermentasi oleh Aspergillus niger (Tesis, Institut Pertanian Bogor).
Tahun, E. N. C., Kleden, M. M., & Nenobais, M. (2019). Pengaruh fermentasi menggunakan mikroba cairan rumen sapi terhadap komposisi kimia dedak padi. Jurnal Peternakan Lahan Kering, 1(4), 562–569.
Wina, E. (2005). Teknologi pemanfaatan mikroorganisme dalam pakan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas ternak ruminansia di Indonesia. Wartazoa, 15(4), 173–186.
Winarno, F. G. (2000). Kimia pangan dan gizi. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Winarno, F. G., & Fardiaz, S. (2005). Pengantar teknologi pangan. Gadjah Mada University Press.
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Hilda Anggriani Ratu, TwenfoTwenfosel O. Dami Dato, Gusti Ayu Yudiwati Lestari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
