The Influence of Gibberellin-Rich Phytohormones in Monkey Fern (Cibotium barometz) Extract on Mitigating Cherelle Wilt in Cocoa Plants

Branmanda Fardhaza Saputra; Muhammad Tri Anggara; Rizkyza Prinandra; Yovi Avianto

doi:10.29303/jbt.v25i1.8496

The Influence of Gibberellin-Rich Phytohormones in Monkey Fern (Cibotium barometz) Extract on Mitigating Cherelle Wilt in Cocoa Plants

Authors

Branmanda Fardhaza Saputra , Muhammad Tri Anggara , Rizkyza Prinandra , Yovi Avianto

DOI:

10.29303/jbt.v25i1.8496

Published:

2025-03-08

Issue:

Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025): Januari - Maret

Keywords:

Cherelle wilt, cocoa, flowering, phytohormone, pteridophyte.

Articles

Downloads

pdf

How to Cite

Saputra, B. F., Anggara, M. T., Prinandra, R., & Avianto, Y. (2025). The Influence of Gibberellin-Rich Phytohormones in Monkey Fern (Cibotium barometz) Extract on Mitigating Cherelle Wilt in Cocoa Plants. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 25(1), 901–910. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v25i1.8496

Download Citation

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Abstract

Cocoa is one of Indonesia’s main export commodities, but its production has declined due to cherelle wilt disease and environmental stress. Gibberellin hormones have been proven effective in preventing cherelle wilt, but their use is limited by high costs. Extracts from monkey fern leaves offer an economical alternative as a natural source of gibberellin. This study aims to examine the effect of monkey fern extract on the development of cocoa cherelles. The research was conducted from January 2024 to January 2025 on smallholder cocoa farms managed by the Hargomulyo farmer group in Gunungkidul. The treatments compared were foliar spraying of monkey fern extract and a control group. The results showed that the application of monkey fern extract increased the number of healthy cherelles compared to the control. Although total chlorophyll content showed no significant difference, low chlorophyll fluorescence values indicated that the plants experienced heat stress. This condition can disrupt photosynthetic efficiency, but the extract still enhanced carbohydrate accumulation in the seeds. Meanwhile, sucrose, reducing sugar, lipid, and protein contents showed no significant changes.

References

Achaw, O.-W., & Danso-Boateng, E. (2021). Cocoa Processing and Chocolate Manufacture. In O.-W. Achaw & E. Danso-Boateng, Chemical and Process Industries (pp. 267–292). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79139-1_10

Astuti, Y. T. M., Prawoto, A. A., & Dewi, K. (2011). Pengaruh keberadaan tunas, aplikasi napthalene acid dan gibberellic acid terhadap perkembangan buah muda kakao. Pelita Perkebunan, 27(1), 11–23.

Avianto, Y. (2025). The Impact of Calcium Supplementation on Physiological Activity and Cherelle Wilt Reduction in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 25(1), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v25i1.8292

Avianto, Y., Noviyanto, A., Jaya, G. I., Handru, A., Ferhat, A., Hartanto, E. S., Sidiq, M. F., Saputra, B. F., Ramadhani, J. N., & Shofry, M. A. (2024). Integrating Automated Drip Irrigation and Organic Matter to Improve Enzymatic Performance and Yield of Water Efficient Chilli in Karst Region. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 25(11), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/192820

bAvianto, Y., Pratama, A. B., Noviyanto, A., & Fauzi, F. R. (2024). Analyzing the Influence of Altitudinal Gradients on Clove Physiology and Yield in the Menoreh Highlands. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 24(4), 352–364. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v24i4.7562

Avianto, Y., & Saputra, B. F. (2024). Perbandingan Ekofisiologis Pucuk Teh pada Ketinggian Rendah dan Menengah di DIY. Jurnal Agrosains Dan Teknologi, 9(2), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.24853/jat.9.2.%25p

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Statistik Kakao Indonesia 2023. Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia.

Basra, S. M. A., & Lovatt, C. J. (2016). Exogenous Applications of Moringa Leaf Extract and Cytokinins Improve Plant Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Cherry Tomato. HortTechnology, 26(3), 327–337. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.26.3.327

Bermejo, A., Granero, B., Mesejo, C., Reig, C., Tejedo, V., Agustí, M., Primo-Millo, E., & Iglesias, D. J. (2018). Auxin and Gibberellin Interact in Citrus Fruit Set. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 37(2), 491–501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-017-9748-9

Fahmid, I. M., Harun, H., Fahmid, M. M., Saadah, & Busthanul, N. (2018). Competitiveness, production, and productivity of cocoa in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 157, 012067. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/157/1/012067

Falchi, R., Bonghi, C., Drincovich, M. F., Famiani, F., Lara, M. V., Walker, R. P., & Vizzotto, G. (2020). Sugar Metabolism in Stone Fruit: Source-Sink Relationships and Environmental and Agronomical Effects. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 573982. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.573982

Garmendia, A., Beltrán, R., Zornoza, C., García-Breijo, F. J., Reig, J., & Merle, H. (2019). Gibberellic acid in Citrus spp. flowering and fruiting: A systematic review. PLOS ONE, 14(9), e0223147. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223147

Gilani, S. A. Q., Basit, A., Sajid, M., Shah, S. T., Ullah, I., & Mohamed, H. I. (2021). Gibberellic Acid and Boron Enhance Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Content, and Yield Quality in Pyrus Communis L. Gesunde Pflanzen, 73(4), 395–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00555-5

Gill, K., Kumar, P., Negi, S., Sharma, R., Joshi, A. K., Suprun, I. I., & Al-Nakib, E. A. (2023). Physiological perspective of plant growth regulators in flowering, fruit setting and ripening process in citrus. Scientia Horticulturae, 309, 111628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111628

Goudsmit, E., Rozendaal, D. M. A., Tosto, A., & Slingerland, M. (2023). Effects of fertilizer application on cacao pod development, pod nutrient content and yield. Scientia Horticulturae, 313, 111869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2023.111869

Hasanuddin, E. S. D., Prapto Yudono, Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra, & Benito Heru Purwanto. (2019). Physiological, biochemical activities of cherelle wilt on three cocoa clones (Theobroma cacao) under two levels of soil fertilities. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210124

Hassankhah, A., Rahemi, M., Mozafari, M. R., & Vahdati, K. (2018). Flower Development in Walnut: Altering the Flowering Pattern by Gibberellic Acid Application. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 46(2), 700–706. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha46211183

Hebbar, K. B., Apshara, E., Chandran, K. P., & Prasad, P. V. V. (2020). Effect of elevated CO2, high temperature, and water deficit on growth, photosynthesis, and whole plant water use efficiency of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). International Journal of Biometeorology, 64(1), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-019-01792-0

Herlina, H., Julsento, J., L, M., A, Y., K, A., P.W, M., S, M., & P, I. (2024). Efektivitas Pupuk Urea Dan Azolla Untuk Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung. Jurnal Agrium, 21(3), 240. https://doi.org/10.29103/agrium.v21i3.18680

Hermida-Carrera, C., Kapralov, M. V., & Galmés, J. (2016). Rubisco Catalytic Properties and Temperature Response in Crops. Plant Physiology, 171(4), 2549–2561. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.01846

Hoffmann, M. P., Cock, J., Samson, M., Janetski, N., Janetski, K., Rötter, R. P., Fisher, M., & Oberthür, T. (2020). Fertilizer management in smallholder cocoa farms of Indonesia under variable climate and market prices. Agricultural Systems, 178, 102759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102759

Jang, B.-K., Cho, J.-S., Kang, S.-H., & Lee, C. H. (2021). Culture types and period impact gametophyte morphogenesis and sporophyte formation of eastern bracken. Plant Methods, 17(1), 87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-021-00786-7

Jatoba, L. D. J., Varela, R. M., Molinillo, J. M. G., Ud Din, Z., Juliano Gualtieri, S. C., Rodrigues-Filho, E., & Macías, F. A. (2016). Allelopathy of Bracken Fern (Pteridium arachnoideum): New Evidence from Green Fronds, Litter, and Soil. PLOS ONE, 11(8), e0161670. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161670

Khajehyar, R., Rahemi, M., & Fallahi, E. (2015). The Impact of Various Rates and Dates of Gibberellic Acid Applications on Fruit Set in Apricot. International Journal of Fruit Science, 15(3), 324–338. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2015.1016381

Kurniati, F., Hartini, E., & Solehudin, A. (2019). Effect of Type of Natural Substances Plant Growth Regulator on Nutmeg (Myristica Fragrans) Seedlings. Agrotechnology Research Journal, 3(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v3i1.25792

Li, Y., Han, M.-Q., Lin, F., Ten, Y., Lin, J., Zhu, D.-H., Guo, P., Weng, Y.-B., & Chen, L.-S. (2015). Soil chemical properties,’Guanximiyou’ pummelo leaf mineral nutrient status and fruit quality in the southern region of Fujian province, China. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, ahead, 0–0. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162015005000029

Li, Y., Xu, W., Ren, B., Zhao, B., Zhang, J., Liu, P., & Zhang, Z. (2020). High temperature reduces photosynthesis in maize leaves by damaging chloroplast ultrastructure and photosystem II. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 206(5), 548–564. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12401

Pinson, J. B., Chambers, S. M., Nitta, J. H., Kuo, L.-Y., & Sessa, E. B. (2017). The Separation of Generations: Biology and Biogeography of Long-Lived Sporophyteless Fern Gametophytes. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 178(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1086/688773

Rimpika, Jain, S., Rathod, M., Banjare, R., Nidhi, N., Sood, A., Shilpa, & Sharma, R. (2023). Physiological Aspects of Flowering, Fruit Setting, Fruit Development and Fruit Drop, Regulation and their Manipulation: A Review. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 13(12), 205–224. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i123677

Simkin, A. J., Kapoor, L., Doss, C. G. P., Hofmann, T. A., Lawson, T., & Ramamoorthy, S. (2022). The role of photosynthesis related pigments in light harvesting, photoprotection and enhancement of photosynthetic yield in planta. Photosynthesis Research, 152(1), 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-021-00892-6

Talaat, N. B., Nesiem, M. R. A., Gadalla, E. G., & Ali, S. F. (2023). Gibberellic Acid and Salicylic Acid Dual Application Improves Date Palm Fruit Growth by Regulating the Nutrient Acquisition, Amino Acid Profile, and Phytohormone Performance. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 23(4), 6216–6231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01479-x

Wahyudi, R. U., Susila Putra, E. T., & Indradewa, D. (2023). Yield and yield components of superior cocoa (Theobroma cocoa L.) clones rejuvenated by ring budding technique. Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science), 8(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.71385

Wyder, S., Rivera, A., Valdés, A. E., Cañal, M. J., Gagliardini, V., Fernández, H., & Grossniklaus, U. (2020). Differential gene expression profiling of one- and two-dimensional apogamous gametophytes of the fern Dryopteris affinis ssp. Affinis. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 148, 302–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.021

Zang, Y.-X., Chun, I.-J., Zhang, L.-L., Hong, S.-B., Zheng, W.-W., & Xu, K. (2016). Effect of gibberellic acid application on plant growth attributes, return bloom, and fruit quality of rabbiteye blueberry. Scientia Horticulturae, 200, 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.12.057

License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.

Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.

The Influence of Gibberellin-Rich Phytohormones in Monkey Fern (Cibotium barometz) Extract on Mitigating Cherelle Wilt in Cocoa Plants

Authors

DOI:

Published:

Issue:

Keywords:

Articles

Downloads

How to Cite

Downloads

Metrics

Abstract

References

License

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

Menu

Manuscript Template

visitor

Keywords

Mitra Kerja sama

Open Access Journals

Contact Us

Information

Share & Follow