Functional Disorders of the Biliary System: Biliary Dyskinesia and Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction
Authors
Romy Healthy Mikailla , Baiq Nurhandini Wulandari , Shira Putri Wardana , Nadine Aisyah Sultan Firdaus , Panji Sena Ramadhan , Hasna Tazkia Aghni , Nurhidayati NurhidayatiDOI:
10.29303/jbt.v25i4.9955Published:
2025-10-01Issue:
Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-DesemberKeywords:
Biliary system, Biliary dyskinesia, Sphincter of Oddi dysfunctionArticles
Downloads
How to Cite
Downloads
Metrics
Abstract
Functional biliary disorders are conditions caused by biliary dysmotility without the presence of gallstones, sludge, microlithiasis, or microcrystalline disease. The most common functional biliary disorders are biliary dyskinesia and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. This study employed a literature review method by searching and reviewing various references from online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. Functional biliary disorders such as biliary dyskinesia and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction often cause biliary pain without gallstones. Although not life-threatening, these disorders can affect quality of life and require appropriate management. Pharmacological treatments such as NSAIDs and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can help alleviate symptoms of biliary disorders, but surgical interventions such as cholecystectomy and sphincterotomy may be necessary for more severe cases. The choice of treatment method should take into account the risks and complications, and be carried out by an experienced medical team.
References
Abaturov, A. E., Kryuchko, T. O., Nikulina, G. V., Makhotina, O. L., & Konoplia, A. I. (2020). Regulation of microRNA expression level by choleretic therapy in functional disorders of the gallbladder and Oddi’s sphincter in children. Wiadomości Lekarskie, 73(1), 41–45. https://doi.org/10.36740/wlek202001107
Abdelhamid, M. O., Thiels, C. A., & Bingener, J. (2018). Is functional gallbladder disease truly increasing? Results from the Rochester Epidemiology Project. The American Journal of Surgery, 216(5), 932–934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.04.001
Behar, J. (2013). Physiology and pathophysiology of the biliary tract: The gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi—A review. ISRN Physiology, 2013, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/837630
Behar, J., Corazziari, E., Guelrud, M., Hogan, W., Sherman, S., & Toouli, J. (2006). Functional gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi disorders. Gastroenterology, 130(5), 1498–1509. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2006.03.034
Bistritz, L., & Bain, V. G. (2006). Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction: Managing the patient with chronic biliary pain. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 12(24), 3793–3802. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v12.i24.3793
Björkström, N. K. (2022). Immunobiology of the biliary tract system. Journal of Hepatology, 77(6), 1657–1669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2022.08.018
Clark, C. J. (2019). An update on biliary dyskinesia. Surgical Clinics of North America, 99(2), 203–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2018.11.004
Crittenden, J. P., & Dattilo, J. B. (2023). Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557871/
Coucke, E. M., Akbar, H., Kahloon, A., & Kahloon, R. A. (2022). Biliary obstruction. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539698/
Fraquelli, M., Pagliarulo, M., Colucci, A., Paggi, S., & Conte, D. (2016). Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs for biliary colic. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016(9), CD006390. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006390.pub2
Hansel, S. L., & DiBaise, J. K. (2010). Functional gallbladder disorder: Gallbladder dyskinesia. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 39(2), 369–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2010.02.002
Housset, C., Chrétien, Y., Debray, D., & Chignard, N. (2016). Functions of the gallbladder. Comprehensive Physiology, 6(3), 1549–1577. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c150050
Kegnæs, M., Novovic, S., & Shabanzadeh, D. M. (2023). Dysfunction of biliary sphincter of Oddi—Clinical, diagnostic and treatment challenges. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(14), 4802. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12144802
Kim, Y. M., Choi, S. K., Kim, H. S., Lee, J. H., Kim, D. H., & Kim, H. J. (2020). Litholytic agents as an alternative treatment modality in patients with biliary dyspepsia. Medicine, 99(34), e21698. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000021698
Kosmidis, C. S., Koimtzis, G. D., Kosmidou, M. S., Ieridou, F., Koletsa, T., Zarampouka, K. T., Georgakoudi, E., & Kesisoglou, I. (2017). Gallbladder hypoplasia, a congenital abnormality of the gallbladder: A case report. American Journal of Case Reports, 18, 905–963. https://doi.org/10.12659/ajcr.905963
Kim, J. V., & Wu, G. Y. (2022). Update on sphincter of Oddi dysfunction: A review. Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology, 10(3), 515–521. https://doi.org/10.14218/JCTH.2021.00167
Lam, R., Keeratibharat, N., & Chansangrat, J. (2021). Gallbladder disorders: A comprehensive review. Disease-a-Month, 67(7), 101130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2021.101130
Melzer, M., Toner, R., Lacey, S., Bettany, E., Rait, G., & Shaw, S. (2007). Biliary tract infection and bacteraemia: Presentation, structural abnormalities, causative organisms and clinical outcomes. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 83(986), 773–776. https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.2007.064683
Morgan, K. A., & Adams, D. B. (2019). Biliary dyskinesia and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. In C. J. Yeo, D. B. Adams, J. L. Matthews, & J. S. Broaddus (Eds.), Shackelford’s surgery of the alimentary tract (8th ed., Vol. 2, pp. 1110–1120). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-40232-3.00110-2
Ott, L., Krüger, S., & Lindner, C. (2022). Triple gallbladder with heterotopic gastric mucosa: A case report. BMC Pediatrics, 22(1), 238. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03122-7
Picchi, E., Di Lazzaro, D., & Larghi, A. (2023). Triple gallbladder: Radiological review. Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology, 16(5), 629–640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12328-023-01829-3
Richmond, B. K., & Walker, A. (2021). Biliary dyskinesia: Current perspectives and future directions. American Surgeon, 87(6), 954–960. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003134820971617
Telega, G. (2006). Biliary dyskinesia in pediatrics. Current Gastroenterology Reports, 8(2), 172–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-006-0015-7
Thiels, C. A., Habermann, E. B., & Bingener, J. (2016). Functional gallbladder disease: Operative trends and short-term outcomes. Surgery, 160(1), 100–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2016.03.005
Vij, M., & Rela, M. (2020). Biliary atresia: Pathology, etiology and pathogenesis. Future Science OA, 6(5), FSO466. https://doi.org/10.2144/fsoa-2019-0153
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Romy Healthy Mikailla, Baiq Nurhandini Wulandari, Shira Putri Wardana, Nadine Aisyah Sultan Firdaus, Panji Sena Ramadhan, Hasna Tazkia Aghni, Nurhidayati Nurhidayati

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.