Students' Algebraic Thinking Profile at Technology-Assisted Learning in Mathematics That Enhances Their Critical Thinking
Authors
Ahmad Badawi , Farda Azkiya Billah , Nuriana Rachmani DewiPublished:
2025-06-26Issue:
Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Edisi JuniKeywords:
The Prepospec learning model; Google Sites; critical thinking; algebraic thinkingArticles
Downloads
How to Cite
Downloads
Metrics
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Prepospec learning model, which is assisted by Google Sites, in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills and explores its impact on their algebraic thinking ability. The material learned in this study was the linear equation and its gradient. Mixed methods were used in this study. The quantitative method was used to determine the effectiveness of the Prepospec learning model assisted by Google Sites on students’ critical thinking skills, while the qualitative method was used to characterize their algebraic thinking ability. The results of this study indicate that integrating the Prepropspec model with digital platforms like Google Sites can serve as a promising and effective strategy in mathematics education to enhance students' critical thinking competencies more effectively than conventional Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approaches. Furthermore, based on the analysis, students who experienced the Prepospec learning model showed better performance in algebraic thinking ability. This is shown by their performance in each indicator of algebraic thinking ability.
References
Affas, H., & Liu, W. (2024). The Validity of Critical-Algebraic Model: A Case Study in Promoting Students’ Critical Thinking in Algebra Learning in Junior Secondary Mathematics. Futurity Education. https://doi.org/10.57125/fed.2024.12.25.09
Amidi, A., Safaatullah, Muh. F., & Pangestu, A. M. (2025). Students’ Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability Reviewed from Learning Motivation in Problem Based Learning Model Assisted by Google Sites. Unnes Journal of Mathematics Education. https://doi.org/10.15294/ujme.v14i1.22151
Andini, M., & Prabawanto, S. (2021). Relational thinking in early algebra learning: a systematic literature review. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1806. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1806/1/012086
Andriani, S., Dewi, N. R., & Saputra, W. (2024). The Effect of Video-Assisted Brain-Based Learning Model on Mathematical Critical Thinking and Mathematical Problem Solving Skills. AlphaMath : Journal of Mathematics Education. https://doi.org/10.30595/alphamath.v10i2.22115
Arofah, D., Purwanto, S. E., & Tsurayya, A. (2016). Influence of Learning On Mathematics Realistic ICT-Assisted Critical Thinking Skills Students. International Conference on Computers in Education. https://doi.org/10.58459/icce.2016.1364
Blanton, M. L., & Kaput, J. J. (2005). Characterizing a Classroom Practice That Promotes Algebraic Reasoning. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education JRME, 36(5), 412–446. https://doi.org/10.2307/30034944
Brocardo, J., & Duarte, J. (2011). Developing algebraic thinking with ICT. 287. https://consensus.app/papers/developing-algebraic-thinking-with-ict-brocardo-duarte/bb95ccc18a245b2d910157318712a29a/
Cahyono, A., Rochmad, R., & Nashrullah, F. R. (2023). Mathematical Critical Thinking Abilities of Students in Terms of Self-Regulated Learning in Realistic Mathematics Education Assisted By Mobile Learning. Mathline : Jurnal Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika. https://doi.org/10.31943/mathline.v8i3.469
Chasanah, A., ’Adna, S. F., & Arifa, F. N. (2024). Problem Based Learning Models Assisted by Mathcard on Students’ Critical Thinking Abilities and Mathematical Dispositions. RANGE: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika. https://doi.org/10.32938/jpm.v6i1.5612
Chimoni, M., Christou, C., & Pitta-Pantazi, D. (2020). Different Types of Algebraic Thinking: an Empirical Study Focusing on Middle School Students. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 18, 965–984. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10763-019-10003-6
Chimoni, M., Pitta-Pantazi, D., & Christou, C. (2023). Unfolding algebraic thinking from a cognitive perspective. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 114, 89–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-023-10218-z
Clarke, D., & Wilkie, K. (2016). Developing students’ functional thinking in algebra through different visualisations of a growing pattern’s structure. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 28, 223–243. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13394-015-0146-Y
Dewi, N. R., Arini, F. Y., & Ardiansyah, A. S. (2020). Development of ICT-assisted preprospec learning models. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1567(2), 022098. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1567/2/022098
Dewi, N. R., Rahayu, B. N. A., & Sholechah, A. (2023). Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis melalui Model Pembelajaran Preprospec berbantuan TIK. Konservasi Pendidikan, 6, 23–48. https://doi.org/10.1529/kp.v1i6.134
Eriksson, H., & Eriksson, I. (2020). Learning actions indicating algebraic thinking in multilingual classrooms. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 106, 363–378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-020-10007-y
Fisher, D., Pasaribu, N. F., Saputra, J., & Sahrudin, A. (2023). Enhancing Junior High School Students’ Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability Through the Discovery Learning Model Assisted with Learning Videos. IndoMath: Indonesia Mathematics Education. https://doi.org/10.30738/indomath.v6i1.58
Freire, R. S., Filho, J., & De Castro, J. B. (2021). Contributions of Digital Technologies to the Development of Algebraic Thinking at School. 219–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69657-3_10
Gningue, S., & Erbilgin, E. (2023). Using the onto-semiotic approach to analyze novice algebra learners’ meaning-making processes with different representations. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 114, 337–357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-023-10247-8
Herman, T., Akbar, A., Suryadi, D., Mursalim, .., Blegur, J., Alman, .., & Putra, E. D. (2025). Integrating Augmented Reality in Mathematics Learning to Improve Critical Thinking Skills of Elementary School Students. Emerging Science Journal. https://doi.org/10.28991/esj-2025-09-02-014
Isnarto, Rochmad, Agoestanto, A., & Sukestiyarno, Y. (2020). Analysis of Mathematics Modeling Student Ability in Algebraic Critical Thinking and Form of the Scaffolding. 210–216. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200620.041
Istiqomarie, N., Hapizah, H., & Mulyono, B. (2023). Design of google site-based learning media for circle material to support critical thinking skills. Al-Jabar : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v14i2.18081
Juandi, D., Suparman, S., Fuadi, D., & Martadiputra, B. (2021). Technology-Assisted Problem-Based Learning against Common Problem-Based Learning in Cultivating Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills: A Meta-Analysis. Proceedings of the 2021 4th International Conference on Education Technology Management. https://doi.org/10.1145/3510309.3510335
Jupri, A., Sispiyati, R., & Chin, K. E. (2021). An investigation of students algebraic proficiency from a structure sense perspective. Journal on Mathematics Education, 12(1), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.12.1.13125.147-158
Kılıc, H., İmamoğlu, Y., & Arabaci, N. (2024). The Development of 7th Grade Students’ Algebraic Thinking Through Task-assisted Instruction. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1384576
Kızıltoprak, A., & Köse, N. (2017). Relational Thinking: The Bridge between Arithmetic and Algebra. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 10, 131–145. https://doi.org/10.26822/IEJEE.2017131893
Kusaeri, A., Sucipto, L., Prayogi, S., Pardi, H., Bayani, F., Evendi, E., & Habib, M. (2022). Assessing students’ critical thinking skills viewed from cognitive style: Study on implementation of problem-based e-learning model in mathematics courses. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/12161
Lestari, G. K., Widayati, A. K., & Liadiani, A. M. (2020). How to Develop the Algebraic Thinking of Students in Mathematics Learning. https://consensus.app/papers/how-to-develop-the-algebraic-thinking-of-students-in-lestari-widayati/d62e04885ff75e909fc6496594f223b8/
Lew, H. (2004). Developing Algebraic Thinking in Early Grades: Case Study of Korean Elementary School Mathematics. The Mathematics Educator, 8(1), 88–106. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:33839294
Lins, R., & Kaput, J. (2004). The Early Development of Algebraic Reasoning: The Current State of the Field. In K. Stacey, H. Chick, & M. Kendal (Eds.), The Future of the Teaching and Learning of Algebra The 12thICMI Study (pp. 45–70). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-8131-6_4
Londoño, J. V. E., & Cruz, Ó. A. T. (2023). Design and Implementation of Prepared Learning Environments to Develop Algebraic Thinking Skills. Migration Letters. https://doi.org/10.59670/ml.v20is1.5273
Martadiputra, B., Juandi, D., Suparman, Susanti, N., Badawi, A., & Yunita. (2022). Cultivating secondary school students’ mathematical critical thinking skills using technology-assisted problem-based learning: A meta-analysis. AIP Conference Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0102422
Masduki, M., & Safitri, R. (2023). Exploring Secondary Students’ Algebraic Thinking in Terms of Intuitive Cognitive Style. Eduma : Mathematics Education Learning and Teaching. https://doi.org/10.24235/eduma.v12i2.13568
Maudy, S. Y., S., D., & M., E. (2018). Student’ Algebraic Thinking Level. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 8(9), 672–676. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2018.8.9.1120
Nainggolan, S. P. (2022). Relational Thinking And Problem Solution Strategies Beginning Algebra High School Students. Journal of World Science. https://doi.org/10.36418/jws.v1i8.86
Noss, R., Geraniou, E., Hoyles, C., & Baccaglini-Frank, A. (2024). How Learning to Speak the Language of a Computer-Based Digital Environment Can Plant Seeds of Algebraic Generalisation: The Case of a 12-Year-Old Student and eXpresser. Education Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14040409
Nurdin, I. T., Hidayat, W., & Putra, H. (2023). The Development of Problem Based Learning Google Sites-Assisted Digital Teaching Materials to Improve Students’ Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability. (JIML) JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE MATHEMATICS LEARNING. https://doi.org/10.22460/jiml.v6i4.18520
Nurhayati, D., Suhendra, S., & Herman, T. (2017). Analysis of Secondary School Students’ Algebraic Thinking and Math-Talk Learning Community to Help Students Learn. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 895. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/895/1/012054
Nurmaliza, N., & Angraini, L. M. (2022). The Effect of Interactive Multimedia-Based Learning on Students’ Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability in the Course of Structure Algebra. Jurnal Didaktik Matematika. https://doi.org/10.24815/jdm.v9i2.26839
Pradana, K., & Noer, S. (2023). Critical Thinking and Mathematical Problem Solving Skills of Students Through Schoology-Assisted Blended Learning Models. Mathline : Jurnal Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika. https://doi.org/10.31943/mathline.v8i3.455
Ribeiro, A., & Stephens, M. (2012). WORKING TOWARDS ALGEBRA: THE IMPORTANCE OF RELATIONAL THINKING. 15, 373–402. https://consensus.app/papers/working-towards-algebra-the-importance-of-relational-ribeiro-stephens/4b283d2cf6b553ee993b9dd5a08e802c/
Rusyid, H. K., Suryadi, D., Dahlan, J. A., & Herman, T. (2024). Algebraic Thinking Ability of Junior High School Students in Solving Linear Equations Problems. Jurnal Didaktik Matematika, 11(1), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.24815/jdm.v11i1.36622
Somasundram, P. (2021). The Role of Cognitive Factors in Year Five Pupils’ Algebraic Thinking: A Structural Equation Modelling Analysis. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education. https://doi.org/10.29333/EJMSTE/9612
Tasir, Z., Ismail, Z., Said, M., & Mustaffa, N. (2017). A review on the development of algebraic thinking through technology. Advanced Science Letters, 23, 2951–2953. https://doi.org/10.1166/ASL.2017.7615
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Badawi, Farda Azkiya Billah, Nuriana Rachmani Dewi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
