Replacement of Soybean Meal Flour with Fermented Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaves Flour on Catfish (Clarias sp.) Feed
DOI:
10.29303/jbt.v24i1b.7996Published:
2024-12-12Downloads
Abstract
Clarias sp. represent one of the most prominent aquaculture commodities in Indonesia, but the challenge in catfish aquaculture is the production of feed because it is highly vulnerable to imports. Therefore, Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves are considered as an alternative raw material for vegetable protein source-based catfish feed to reduce soybean imports. This research was conducted to examine the use of different proportions of Moringa oleifera fermented leaf meal in feed as substitute for soybean meal on the performance catfish (Clarias sp.). This study used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three repetition of feed A as a control (0% of fermented moringa leaves flour), feed B (75% of soybean meal flour + 25% of fermented moringa leaves flour), feed C (50% of soybean meal flour + 50% of fermented moringa leaves flour), feed D (25% of soybean meal flour + 75% of fermented moringa leaves flour) and feed E (100% of fermented moringa leaves flour). Based on the data, the supplementation of fermented moringa meal with E feed had a significant increase in absolute weight growth, specific growth rate, feed conversion rate, protein retention and fat retention and a decrease in protein efficiency ratio. The fermented moringa leaves flour with the composition of 100% can be used in catfish feed as a substitution for soybean meal flour with an average absolute weight growth is 13,16±2,54 – 15,76±1,03 g.
Keywords:
Aquaculture, absolute weight growth, fish diet.References
Achmadi I, Subekti S, Ardiyanti HB, Amiin MK, Haryanto LNF, Akbar REK and Yudarana MA (2021) Molecular identification and prevalence of ectoparasite worms in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in Lampung Waters. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 679 012058 DOI: https://10.1088/1755-1315/679/1/012058
Agustin S, Subekti S, Ulkhaq M, Amiin MK. (2021). Prevalence and intensity of endoparasites in cutlassfish (Trichiurus sp.) at fish auction landing Panarukan Situbondo District and Muncar Banyuwangi District, East Java Province. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 718: 012022. DOI: https://doi.org.10.1088/1755-1315/718/1/012022
Amiin MK, Subekti S, Masithah ED, Nirmala D, Yunus M, Santanumurti MB, Rivaie AR (2023). First microphological and molecular parasitological survey of Benedenia in humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) of Lampung and Situbondo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 24: 6858- 6867. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jrtbp.v11i2.p%25p
Banaszkiewicz, T. (2011). Nutritional value of soybean meal. InTech. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/23306
Dewi, C. D., Muchlisin, Z. A. & Sugito (2013). Pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup larva ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) pada konsentrasi tepung daun jaloh (Salix tetrasperma Roxb) yang berbeda dalam pakan. Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan. 2(2): 45-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.2.2.725
Falowo AB, Mukumbo F, Idamokoro EM, Lorenzo JM, Afolayan AJ, Muchenje V (2017). Multi-functional application of Moringa oleifera Lam. in nutrition and animal food products: A review. Food Research International. 106:317-334. DOI: https://10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.079
Fahrizal, A. & Ratna. (2019). Efektivitas pemberian pelet berbahan limbah ikan terhadap pertumbuhan ikan lele (Clarias garipienus). Jurnal Airaha. 8(2): 128-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15578/ja.v8i02.133
Farizaldi (2017). Evaluasi ampas kelapa hasil fermentasi dengan ragi produk lokal dan aplikasinya pada agribisnis ikan lele (Clarias sp.) (Unpublished dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia)
Francis, G., Makkar, H. P., & Becker, K. (2001). Antinutritional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish. Aquaculture, 199(3-4): 197-227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00526-9.
Gunawan, I. & Suraya, U (2019). Pengaruh pemberian pakan tambahan tepung kiapu (Pistia stratiotes) dicampur dengan pakan komersil terhadap pertumbuhan benih ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus). Jurnal Ilmu Hewani Tropika, 8(1): 23-30.
Hakim, A. R., Kurniawan, K. & Siregar, Z. A (2019). Pengaruh penggantian tepung ikan dengan tepung larva Hermetia illucens dan Azolla sp. terhadap kualitas pakan ikan terapung. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur. 14(2): 77-85. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.14.2.2019.77-85
Halver, J. E. & Hardy, R. W. (2002). Fish nutrition (3rd ed.). New York: Academic Press, 182-246
Iskandar, R. & Elrifadah. (2015). Pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang diberi pakan buatan berbasis kiambang. Ziraa'ah Majalah Ilmiah Pertanian. 40(1): 18-24. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/zmip.v40i1.93
KKP (Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan). 2023. Data statistik produksi perikanan budidaya. Tersedia di https://statistik.kkp.go.id/home.php?m=prod_ikan_prov&i=2#panel-footer-kpda [diakses pada tanggal 12 Desember 2023].
Koike, S., Handa, Y., Goto, H., Sakai, K., Miyagawa, E., Matsui, H., Ito, S., & Kobayashi, Y. (2010). Molecular Monitoring and Isolation of Previously Uncultured Bacterial Strains from the Sheep Rumen. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 76(6): 1887. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02606-09
Murni, Darmawati & Amri, M. I. (2017). Optimasi lama waktu fermentasi limbah sayur dengan cairan rumen terhadap peningkatan kandungan nutrisi pakan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Octopus : Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan. 6(1): 541-545. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26618/octopus.v6i1.680
[NRC] National Research Council. 2011. Nutrient requirements of fishes. Washington DC: National Academy of Sciences.
Pamungkas, W. 2012. Penggunaan enzim cairan rumen sebagai alternatif untuk mendukung pemanfaatan bahan baku pakan ikan lokal. Media Akuakultur. 7(1): 32-38. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ma.7.1.2012.32-38
Pandey, G (2013). Feed formulation and feeding technology for fishes. International Research Journal of Pharmacy. 4(3): 23-30. DOI: https://10.7897/2230-8407.04306
Putri SME & Amiin MK. (2023). Monogenean Parasites And Histopathology On Humpback Grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) In Floating Net Cages Lampung Water, Indonesia. e-Jurnal Rekayasa dan Teknologi Budidaya Perairan, 11(2):1-8. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jrtbp.v11i2.p%25p.
Seravina, Subandiyono, Sudaryono, A. (2019). Pengaruh penggunan fermentasi tepung kulit buah kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) dalam pakan terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dan pertumbuhan ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio). Jurnal Sains Akuakultur Tropis. 3(2): 31-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/sat.v3i2.3932
Subekti S, Amin M.K, Kismiyati K. (2019). Prevalence of trematodes on red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) in floating net cages at Lampung, Indonesia. Indian Vet. J, 96(2):46–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v10i1.8549
Subekti S, Amiin MK, Ardiyanti HB, Yudarana MA, Achmadi I, Akbar REK. (2021). Molecular epidemiology of helminth diseases of the humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis, as a pattern for mapping fish diseases in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia. Vet World, 14 (5): 1324-1329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.1324-1329
Suryani N., Subekti S., Koesdarto S., and Amiin M. K. (2021). Morphological profile of L2 Anisakis typica on Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) from sedati fish auction, sidoarjo-east java, Indonesia using scanning electron microscope (SEM), IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 679, no. 1, 012059.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/679/1/012059.
Teduh, A., Muarif & Rosmawati. Pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup Ikan Hias Platydoras (Platydoras costatus) dalam teknologi bioflok. Jurnal Pertanian. 8(2): 66-73. DOI. https://doi.org/10.30997/jp.v8i2.1111
Teixeira, E. M., Carvalho, M. R., Neves, V. A., Silva, M. A., & Arantes-Pereira, L. (2014). Chemical characteristics and fractionation of proteins from Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves. Food chemistry, 147: 51–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.135
Ula M, Saadah A, Muhammad K. (2014). "Sustainable Agriculture System (Sac-S): Inovasi Konsep Pertanian Urban Sebagai Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Dan Upaya Penanganan Masalah Perkotaan.," in Pekan Ilmiah Mahasiswa Nasional Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa - Gagasan Tertulis 2014, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Yusgita, L., Kismiyati, S., Subekti, S., Wulansari, P.D., Amiin, M.K., 2019. Identification and prevalence of the ectoparasite Octolasmis in sand lobster (Panulirus homarus) and bamboo lobster (Panulirus versicolor) in Floating Net Cages in Sape, Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 236, 012099. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/236/1/012099.
Yudha, I. G., Yusup, M. W., Amiin, M. K., Sari, L. R., & Luc, D. M. (2024). Performance of growth on Trachinotus blochii larvae fed by Brachionus plicatilis enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and decosahexaenoic acid (DHA) extraction from Maggot black soldier fly (BSF). Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 27(09): 634-643. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47853/fas.2024.e60
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Maulid Wahid Yusup, Indri Febri Haryanti1, Limin Santoso, Yeni Elisdiana, Oktora Susanti, David Julian, Muhammad Kholiqul Amiin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Biologi Tropis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the author as the owner of the paper. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.
Authors are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at the journal. Authors are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from the journal with an acknowledgment of initial publication to this journal.
