Effect of Using Audiovisual Learning Media Based on the Canva Application on Students Science Learning Outcomes
DOI:
10.29303/jpm.v21i1.11401Published:
2026-02-26Issue:
Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026): in ProgressKeywords:
Canva Audiovisual Learning Media; Changes in the State of Matter; Learning OutcomesArticles
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Abstract
In response to the growing need for innovative and technology-integrated instructional strategies in science education. This study aims to analyze the effect of using the Canva application-based audiovisual learning media on the science learning outcomes of seventh-grade students on the material of changes in the state of matter. The method applied is a quasi-experiment with a nonequivalent control group design. The population includes all seventh-grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Banjarmasin. Through convenience sampling, a research sample of 60 people was obtained: 30 in class VII D (control) and 30 in class VII E (experimental). Data were collected through a validated, reliable learning outcome test. The data analysis techniques used in this study include calculating averages and standard deviations, performing normality and homogeneity tests, and conducting hypothesis tests. Hypothesis testing in this study was conducted using ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance). The results of the hypothesis test showed a Sig. value of 0.001 <0.05, with an effect size of 0.171, which is classified as a small category. Therefore, the decision was made to reject H0 and accept H1. The conclusion of this study is that the use of audiovisual learning media in the Canva application affects the science learning outcomes of grade VII students on the material on changes in state of matter.
References
. Therefore, although Canva-based audiovisual media is effective in increasing student interest, learning outcomes are still influenced by various other supporting factors.
Based on Table 2, the standard deviation value in the control class increased from 12.763 in the pretest to 15.242 in the posttest. This indicates that after implementing conventional learning, student learning outcomes became more varied. Conversely, in the experimental class, the standard deviation value decreased from 15.960 in the pretest to 12.696 in the posttest. This decrease indicates that the treatment with Canva-based audiovisual learning media led to more even, consistent learning outcomes. This means that, in addition to increasing the average score, there was also a decrease in variation in students' understanding. This finding indicates that the treatment provided helped achieve more even learning outcomes. Since standard deviation is a statistical measure of data distribution, a higher standard deviation in a sample indicates greater variation in the data [18-19].
Before testing the hypotheses, the pretest and posttest scores were examined using preliminary tests, namely normality and homogeneity tests. The goal was to verify whether the data met the necessary assumptions before conducting inferential analysis.
Normality Test
The normality test used was the Shapiro-Wilk test. This test is performed as a prerequisite for data analysis, ensuring that the data is normally distributed, which is an essential requirement for conducting parametric hypothesis testing. The results of the normality test are shown in Table 3.
Table 3. Normality test of the control class and the experimental class
Treatment Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig.
Mark Pre (Control) .972 30 .597
Post (Control) .957 30 .263
Pre (Experimental) .965 30 .419
Post (Experimental) .933 30 .058
The data in Table 3 show that the Shapiro-Wilk normality test results for the pretest and posttest scores of the control and experimental classes meet the assumption of normality. This data is based on the significance values in each group, which are all> 0.05. In the pretest of the control class, the Sig. value was 0.597, and in the post-test, the Sig. The value was 0.263, both indicating that the data were normally distributed. Furthermore, in the pretest of the experimental class, the Sig. value was 0.419, and in the post-test, the Sig. The value was 0.058; these results also indicate that the data were normally distributed.
Homogeneity Test
Once the data is normally distributed, the next step is to determine the homogeneity value using Levene's test. This test aims to ensure equality of variance between populations and fulfill one of the requirements for parametric hypothesis testing. The results of the pretest homogeneity test for the control and experimental classes are presented in Table 4, while the results for the posttest are presented in Table 5.
Table 4. Homogeneity test of the pretest of the control and experimental classes
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
064 1 58 .156
From Table 4, F = 2.064; df1 = 1; df2 = 58 and Sig. value = 0.156 > 0.05. These results indicate that the pretest data from both classes are homogeneous.
Table 5. Homogeneity test of the post-test of the control and experimental classes
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
.482 1 58 .490
From Table 5, F = 0.482; df1 = 1; df2 = 58 and Sig. value = 0.490 > 0.05. These results indicate that the post-test data from both classes are homogeneous.
Hypothesis Test
After the data meet the assumptions of normality and homogeneity, the analysis can proceed to the next stage: testing the hypothesis. A hypothesis is a temporary assumption or answer, expressed as a proposition or statement, whose truth has yet to be tested but is used as a basis for decision-making [21-23]. In this study, the hypothesis test was conducted using ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance). The testing criteria are if the Sig. value < 0.05, then H₀ is rejected, and H₁ is accepted, indicating that the use of Canva application-based audiovisual learning media has a significant influence on student learning outcomes. Conversely, if the Sig. value ≥ 0.05, then H₀ is accepted, and H₁ is rejected, meaning it does not have a significant influence. The results of the ANCOVA hypothesis test are listed in Table 6.
From Table 6, the ANCOVA results indicate that the learning media column has a significance value of 0.001 (<0.05). This states that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Meanwhile, the significance value of 0.000 in the pretest column indicates that the pretest variable has a significant effect on the dependent variable (post-test). In the context of the ANCOVA test, a Sig. value < 0.05 (p-value < 0.05) indicates a significant difference between the tested groups, with the pretest value serving as a covariate to control for other variables, such as learning media. Specifically, a small significance value, such as 0.000, indicates a very strong correlation between the pretest and posttest results, so this needs to be taken into account in the analysis to assess the effects of other factors, such as learning media.
Table 6. Hypothesis Testing Using Ancova
Source Type III Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Patrial Eta Squared
Corrected Model 4548.447a 2 2274.224 15.867 .000 .358
Intercept 4318.241 1 4318.241 30.128 .000 .346
Pretest 3241.781 1 3241.781 22.617 .000 .284
Instructional Media 680.911 1 1680.911 11.727 .001 .171
Error 169.886 57 143.331
Total 25200.000 60
Corrected Total 12718.333 59
a. R Square = .358 (Adjusted R Squared = .335)
Therefore, the magnitude of Canva-based audiovisual learning media's influence on learning outcomes can be measured using an effect size test, with the interpretation presented in Table 7.
Table 7. Interpretation of Effect Size
Effect Size Interpretation
< d ≤ 0.2 Small
2 < d ≤ 0.5 Medium
5 < d ≤ 0.8 Large
d > 0.8 Very Large
(Cohen, 1998).
The effect size calculation results are shown in Table 6, including the learning media column. The Patrial Eta Squared was 0.171 with a significance value of 0.001. This finding indicates that the effect of the Canva-based audiovisual learning media is relatively small. This means that although the use of this media has been shown to significantly improve learning outcomes, the effect is not significant [24-25].
Conclusion
The use of audiovisual learning media in the Canva application on the science learning outcomes of seventh-grade students in the material on changes in state of matter at SMP Negeri 1 Banjarmasin shows a significant influence. Based on the ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) results in IBM SPSS Statistics 21, the Sig. The value is 0.001 (P ≤ 0.05), indicating an effect of learning media use. The use of Canva-based audiovisual learning media has a positive impact on the science learning outcomes of seventh-grade students on the topic of changes in the state of matter, because the presentation of material that combines images, animations, and videos makes abstract concepts more concrete and easier to understand. This media also increases students' interest and motivation to learn, making them more active, focused, and enthusiastic during the learning process. In addition, the use of Canva-based learning media encourages teachers to be more creative and innovative in designing technology-based learning, as well as creating a more interactive and enjoyable learning atmosphere, which ultimately supports the achievement of more effective and student-centered science learning.
Author’s Contribution
N. Husna: compiled the background, designed the research method, collected and analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript. Sauqina & Y. Khairunnisa: provided guidance, input, and corrections throughout the research and writing process to ensure compliance with scientific principles, serving as supervisors.
Acknowledgements
The author gratefully expresses his deepest gratitude to the principal, teachers, and students of SMP Negeri 1 Banjarmasin for their cooperation and involvement during the research. He also expresses his gratitude to the supervising lecturer who attentively provided invaluable guidance, input, and support, enabling the successful completion of this research.
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Author Biographies
Nurul Husna, Science Education Study Program, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin
Sauqina Sauqina, Science Education Study Program, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin
Yasmine Khairunnisa, Science Education Study Program, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin
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