Fabrication of Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Bentonite Nanoparticles and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Analysis of Methyl Parabens by Cyclic Voltammetry

Authors

Ahmad Jihad Hizbullah , Pirim Setiarso

DOI:

10.29303/jpm.v19i1.5949

Published:

2024-01-22

Issue:

Vol. 19 No. 1 (2024): January 2024

Keywords:

Bentonite Nanoparticles; Cyclic Voltammetry; Electrode; Methylparaben; TiO2 Nanoparticles

Articles

Downloads

How to Cite

Hizbullah, A. J., & Setiarso, P. (2024). Fabrication of Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Bentonite Nanoparticles and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Analysis of Methyl Parabens by Cyclic Voltammetry. Jurnal Pijar Mipa, 19(1), 119–124. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v19i1.5949

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Abstract

Cosmetics are products of several substances or ingredients with a predetermined time limit. Efforts to extend the time limit of cosmetic use are made by adding preservatives. One preservative that is often used is methylparaben. Methylparaben has been tested using spectrophotometry, voltammetry, and HPLC. In this study, electrode modification was carried out in the voltammetry test to obtain a low detection limit. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the working electrode composition of carbon paste, bentonite nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and paraffin on the best response in the analysis of methylparaben by cyclic voltammetry, knowing the optimum measurement conditions of pH with the best electrode composition in the analysis of methylparaben by cyclic voltammetry. FTIR characterized bentonite nanoparticles to determine vibrations and functional groups, and XRD was performed to determine the phase and particle size. The electrode was made from a mixture of carbon, bentonite nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and paraffin. The best electrode composition was added with titanium dioxide nanoparticles to obtain a higher peak current. XRD characterization of bentonite nanoparticles showed an average particle size of 43.8155 nm. The result of determining the best electrode composition is 3:2:3:2 with an anodic peak current of 9.6.10-4 A. The best methylparaben measurement at pH seven solution conditions. The latest research shows that carbon paste electrodes modified with bentonite and titanium dioxide nanoparticles can be used for methylparaben analysis.

References

Muhlis, L. N., Muhadar., & Mirzana, H. A. 2022. Criminal Law Enforcement Against Perpetrators of Illegal Cosmetics Distribution In Makassar City. Scientific Journal of Ecosystems, 22(1), 82-100.

Apriani, M., Yuseva., Dedison., & Kusmiran, H. 2023. Government Efforts in Overcoming Criminal Acts Circulation of Counterfeit Cosmetics. Journal of Legal Science, 2(1), 1-10.

Tjiang, W. M., Dewi, N. P. D., Prayoga, P. A. A. 2019. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Paraben Content in Cosmetic Hand Body Lotion. Indonesian Journal of Legal and Forensic Sciences, 9

(2), 89-96.

Fitri, A. 2020. Determination of Methyl Paraben and Propyl Paraben Levels in Skin Moisturizing Cream by KCKT (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). Jakarta: Department of Pharmacy and Food Analysis Kemenkes Jakarta II.

Fransway, A. F., Fransway, P. J., Belsito, D. V., & Yiannias, J. A. 2019. Paraben Toxicology. American Contacs Dermatitis Society, 30(1).

Cahyotomo, A., Panglipur, H. S., Tirta, A. P., Hayat, M., Madiabu, M. J. 2022. Voltammetric Detection of Methyl Paraben Using Carbon Paste Electrode. Journal of Warta Akab, 46(1).

Susanti, H. E., Ulfa, A. M., and Purnama, R. C. 2018. Determination of Nipagin (Methylparaben) Level in Liquid Soap by UV-VIS Spectophotometry. Malahayati Pharmacy Journal, 1(1). 31-36.

Bhandari, T., Patel, Dr. Alisa., Dhodi, K., Desai, Z., & Desai, S. 2019. Determination of Methyl Paraben from Cosmetics by UV Spectroscopy. International Journal of Pharm, 59(1).

Hastuti, E., & Nada, C. M. Q. 2023. Analysis of Methyl Paraben in Several Brands of Hand and Body Lotion Circulating in Kaliwungu Semarang Morning Market. Journal of Public Health, 11(1).

Nikmah, M. R., Rahmasari, K. S., Wirasti, W., & Slamet, S. 2021. Determination of Methyl Paraben Level in Face Cream Preparations Circulating in Pekalongan Regency by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Method. Proceedings of the National Health Seminar.

Kiamiloglou, D., & Girousi, S. 2023. Different Aspects of the Voltammetric Detection of Vitamins: A Review. Journal of Biosensors, 13(651), 1-36.

Setiarso, P., & Putri, P. E. 2021. Preparation of Graphene Oxide-Nanozelite Composite as Working Electrode for Salicylic Acid Analysis Using Cyclic Voltammetry. Asian Journal of Science and Technology, 12(1), 11464-11467.

Rofiansyah & Setiarso. 2016. Determination of Cd(li) Level in Factory Waste Using Carbon Paste Electrode. UNESA Journal of Chemistry.

Rusnadi, W. R., & Setiarso, P. 2020. Preparation of Carbon Nano Electrode for Lead (II) Analysis Using Cyclic Voltammetry. UNESA Journal of Chemistry, 9(1), 71-76.

Irdhawati, Manurung, M. & Septiawan, K. A. 2015. Voltammetric Detection of Dopamine Using Crown Ether (Dibenzo-18-Crown-6) Modified Carbon Paste Electrode. Mulawarman Chemistry Journal, 12(2), 68-74.

Setiarso, P., & Sari, N. P. 2021. Graphene Oxide-Paraffin-Nanobentonite as Working Electrode for Cyclic Voltammetric Analysis of Nicotinic Acid. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 33(4), 757-761.

Bukkitgar, S. D., Shetti, N. P. 2017. Fabrication of TiO2 nanoparticle and clay composite electrode as sensor. Royal Society of Chemistry, 9(30), 4387-4393.

Čitaković, N. 2019. Physical properties of. Nanomaterials. Military Technical Journal. Courier. 67(1):159-171.

Manurung, D. N. 2021. Effect of Using Single Dye and Mixed Dye on the Efficiency of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). Journal of Physics Education Tadulako, 9(1), 83-88.

Setiarso, P., & Saputra, E. C. 2020. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide for Paracetamol Analysis by Cyclic Voltammetry. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 30(10).

Muslimah., Wahyuningsih, P., & Yusnawati. 2023. Effectiveness of Hydrochloric Acid Activated Bentonite in Local Salt Purification. Journal of Islamic Science and Technology, 9(1), 71-80.

Bukit, F. R. A., Frida, E., Bukit, N., & Bukit, B. F. 2021. Characterization and Analysis of Natural Bentonite as Composite Filler Material. Scientific Journal of the Faculty of Engineering, 5(2), 54-62.

Gandhi, D., Bandyopadhyay, R., & Soni, B. 2022. Naturally occurring bentonite clay: Structural augmentation, characterization and application as catalyst. Materials Today: Proceedings, 57, 194–201.

Bokuniaeva, A. O., & Vorokh, A. S. 2019. Estimation of Particle Size Using the Debye Equation and the Scherrer Formula for Polyphasic TiO2 Powder. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 14(1), 1-6.

Andrini, L., Moreira Toja, R., Gauna, M. R., Conconi, M. S., Requejo, F. G., & Rendtorff, N. M. 2017. Extended and local structural characterization of a natural and 800°C fired Na-montmorillonite–Patagonian bentonite by XRD and Al/Si XANES. Applied Clay Science, 137, 233–240.

Masykuroh, A., Puspasari, H. 2022. Anti-bacterial Activity of Biosynthesized Nano Silver Particles (NPP) using Sarawak taro Alocasia macrorrhizos Extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Bioma: Makassar Journal of Biology, 7(1), 76-85.

Praveen, P., Viruthagiri, G., Mugundan, S., Shanmugam, N. 2014. Structural, Optical and Morphological Analysis of Pristine Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles-Synthesized via Sol-gel Route. Spectrochimia Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 11(7), 622-629.

Wijeratne, K. 2018. Conducting Polymer Electrodes for Thermogalvanic Cells. Linköping University Electronic Press.

Elgrishi, N., Rountree, K. J., McCarthy, B. D., Rountree, E. S., Eisenhart, T. T., & Dempsey, J. L. 2018. A Practical Beginner's Guide to Cyclic Voltammetry. Journal of Chemical Education, 95(2), 197–206.

Belkhamsa, N., Buhlmann, P., Pretsch. E. 2015. Carrier-Based Ion Selective Electrodes and Bulk Optodes (1) General Characteristics. Chem, 97(1).

Setiarso, P., Wachid, R. 2017. Preparation of Bentonite Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Copper (II) Metal Analysis by Stripping Cyclic Voltammetry. Indonesian Chemistry and Application Journal (ICAJ), 1(1), 1-11.

Chikere, C., Faisal, N. H., Lin, P. K. T., & Fernandez, C. 2019. Zinc oxide nanoparticles modified-carbon paste electrode used for the electrochemical determination of Gallic acid. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1310(1).

Author Biographies

Ahmad Jihad Hizbullah, State University of Surabaya

Pirim Setiarso, Chemistry Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, State University of Surabaya

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmad Jihad Hizbullah, Pirim Setiarso

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The following terms apply to authors who publish in this journal:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal first publication rights, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License (CC-BY License) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and first publication in this journal.

2. Authors may enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., posting it to an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), acknowledging its initial publication in this journal.
3. Before and during the submission process, authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website), as this can lead to productive exchanges as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).