Phytochemical Screening and Nanoherbs Synthesis of Ethanol Extract of the Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) with its Characterization
DOI:
10.29303/jpm.v19i1.6125Published:
2024-01-27Issue:
Vol. 19 No. 1 (2024): January 2024Keywords:
Alginate; Butterfly Pea Flower; Ionic Gelation; Nanoherbs PhytochemicalArticles
Downloads
How to Cite
Downloads
Metrics
Abstract
Every plant has a different secondary metabolite content, influenced by the location and conditions where the plant grows. Preparations from the butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) extract form have poor bioavailability. One effort to overcome this problem is by formulating it into nanoherbs form. This research aims to determine the phytochemical content and synthesize nanoherbs ethanol extract of butterfly pea flowers. The butterfly pea flowers were extracted using the maceration method, and the resulting thick purplish blue extract was 145.254 grams. The thick extract was analyzed for secondary metabolite content using phytochemical screening, and it was found to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, and tannins. Nanoherb synthesis uses the ionic gelation method with an alginate polymer and a CaCl2 cross-linking agent. The synthesis result is a purple nanoherbs colloid with optimal variations in the ratio (10:1). The synthesized nanoherbs were characterized using PSA and obtained particle size results from the optimal variation of 220.4 nm, polydispersity index 0.2550, and zeta potential of -22.5 mV.
References
Ridwan, R., & Kaharudin, L. O. (2022). Identifikasi dan Uji Kandungan Metabolit Sekunder Tumbuhan Obat. BIOSAINTROPIS (BIOSCIENCE-TROPIC), 7(2), 46–56.
Ningsih, I. Y. (2016). Studi Etnofarmasi Penggunaan Tumbuhan Obat oleh Suku Tengger di Kabupaten Lumajang dan Malang, Jawa Timur. Pharmacy, 13(01), 10–20.
Cahyaningsih, E., Sandhi, P. E., & Santoso, P. (2019). Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) dengan Metode Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento, 5(1), 51–57.
Riyanto, E. F., Nurjanah, A. N., Ismi, S. N., & Suhartati, R. (2019). Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L) terhadap Bakteri Perusak Pangan. Jurnal Kesehatan, 19(2), 218–225.
Lallo, S., Lewerissa, A. C., Rafi'i, A., Usmar, Ismail, & Tayeb, R. (2020). Pengaruh Ketinggian Tempat Tumbuh terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Sitotoksik Ekstrak Rimpang Lengkuas (Alpinia galanga L.). Majalah Farmasi Dan Farmakologi, 23(3), 118–123.
Hanutami, N. P., & Budiman, A. (2017). Review Artikel: Penggunaan Teknologi Nano Pada Formulasi Obat Herbal. Farmaka, 15 (2): 29-41.
Mohanraj, V. J., & Chen, Y. (2006). Nanoparticles - A Review. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 5(1), 561–573.
Ningsih, N., Yasni, S., & Yuliani, S. (2017). Sintesis Nanopartikel Ekstrak Kulit Manggis Merah dan Kajian Sifat Fungsional Produk Enkapsulasinya. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Industri Pangan, 28(1), 27–35.
Nurviana, V., Alifiar, I., Wulandari, W. T., Dewi, R., & Nuraeni, R. (2020). Potensi Antidioksidan Sediaan Nanopartikel Ekstrak Kernel Biji Limus (Mangifera foetida Lour). Jurnal Farmasi Udayana, spesial issue, 144.
Dwitarani, N., Amin, R. R., Sofyah, T. M., Ramadhani, D. N., & Sutoyo, S. (2021). Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Nanoherbal Ekstrak Etanol Kayu Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.). Jurnal Kimia Riset, 6(2), 102–108.
Zulfa, E., Nurkhasanah, & Nurani, L. H. (2014). Aktivitas Antioksidan Sediaan Nanopartikel Kitosan Ekstrak Etanol Rosela (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) pada Tikus Hiperkolesterol terhadap Aktivitas Enzim SOD. Kartika Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 2(1), 7–14.
Saryanti, D., & Nugraheni, D. (2019). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Nanopartikel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirih (Piper betle Linn) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Prosiding APC (Annual Pharmacy Conference), 4, 99–103.
Sutoyo, S., Amaria, A., Sanjaya, I. G. M., Hidayah, R., Sari, D. P., Dwitarani, N., Oktavia, F. D., & Fadzlillah, N. A. (2022). Synthesis of Nanoherbal from Ethanol Extract of Indonesian Fern Selaginella plana and Antibacterial Activity Assay. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 6(1), 44–49.
Yanat, M., & Schroën, K. (2021). Preparation Methods and Applications of Chitosan Nanoparticles; with an Outlook Toward Reinforcement of Biodegradable Packaging. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 161, 1–12.
Abdassah, M. (2017). Nanopartikel dengan Gelasi Ionik. Farmaka, 15(1), 45–52.
Saraei, Dounighi, M., Zolfagharian, N., Bidhendi, M. H., Khaki, S., & Inanlou, P. (2013). Design and Evaluate Alginate Nanoparticles as a Protein Delivery System. Archives of Razi Institute, 68(2), 139–146.
K Park, K., & Yeo, Y. (2007). Microencapsulation Technology in: Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology 3rd Edition Volume 1st. USA: Informa Healthcare.
Ngafif, A., Ikasari, E. D., & Ariani, L. W. (2020). Optimasi Kombinasi Natrium Alginat dan Kalsium Klorida (CaCl2) Sebagai Agen Sambung Silang Nanopartikel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr). BIMFI, 2(1), 13–23.
Khakim, A. N., & Atun, S. (2017). Pembuatan Nanopartikel Ekstrak Kunci Pepet (Kaempferia rotunda) dengan Alginat pada Berbagai Variasi Konsentrasi Ion Kalsium. Jurnal Kimia Dasar, 6(1), 43–50.
Putriyana, R. S., Abdulah, I., Purwaningsih, I., & Silvia, L. (2018). Sintesis Natrium Alginat dari Sargassum sp. dengan Proses Leaching. 9th Industrial Research Workshop and National Seminar. pp. 89-93.
Wardhani, R. A. P., & Supartono. (2015). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Buah Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) pada Bakteri. Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science, 4(1), 46–5.
Oktavia, F. D., & Sutoyo, S. (2021). Skrining Fitokimia, Kandungan Flavonoid Total, dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Tumbuhan Selaginella doederleinii. Jurnal Kimia Riset, 6(2), 141–153.
Setiabudi, D. A., & Tukiran. (2017). Uji Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Batang Tumbuhan Klampok Watu (Syzygium litorale). UNESA Journal of Chemistry. 6(3), 155–160.
Hidayah, N. (2020). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi Daun Biduri (Calotropis gigantea L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. STIKES Karya Putra Bangsa.
Frisca, I. Z., Lindawati, N. Y., & Murtisiwi, L. (2021). Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli ESBL. Jurnal of Pharmacy, 2(1), 38–44.
Hasnaeni, Wisdawati, & Usman, S. (2019). Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi terhadap Rendemen dan Kadar Fenolik Ekstrak Tanaman Kayu Beta-Beta (Lunasia amara Blanco). Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy), 5(2), 175–182.
Habibi, A. I., Firmansyah, R. A., & Setyawati, S. M. (2018). Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak n-Heksan Korteks Batang Salam (Syzygium polyanthum). Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science, 7(1), 1–4.
Ergina, Nuryanti, S., & Pursitasari, I. D. (2014). Uji Kualitatif Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder pada Daun Palado (Agave angustifolia) yang Diekstraksi dengan Pelarut Air dan Etanol. J. Akad. Kim, 3(3), 165–172.
Ariani, L. W., & Purwanto, U. R. E. (2021). Formulasi Nanopartikel Ekstrak Daun Kembang Sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.). Repository Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi.
Mardiyanto, M., Herlina, H., Fithri, N. A., & Rahmi, Y. (2019). Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Submikro Partikel Gelasi-Ionik Pembawa Ekstrak Daun Pluchea indica sebagai Antibakteri pada Kulit Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar. Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis, 6(2), 171.
Borumand, M. R., Abadi, A. Z. M., Duonighi, N. M., Damavandi, M., & Rahnamafard, H. (2015). Preparation of Sodium Alginate Nanoparticles Containing Bovin Serum Albomin (BSA). International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, 4(12), 6702–6711.
Putri, G. M., & Atun, S. (2017). Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Nanopartikel Ekstrak Etanol Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata) pada Berbagai Variasi Komposisi Alginat. Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
Patra, J. K., Das, G., Fraceto, L. F., Campos, E. V. R., Rodriguez-Torres, M. D. P., Acosta-Torres, L. S., Diaz-Torres, L. A., Grillo, R., Swamy, M. K., Sharma, S., Habtemariam, S., & Shin, H. S. (2018). Nano Based Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 16(71), 1–33.
Singh, R., & Lillard, J. W. (2009). Nanoparticle-Based Targeted Drug Delivery. Experimental and Molecular Pathology, 86(3), 215–223.
Avadi, M. R., Sadeghi, A. M. M., Mohammadpour, N., Abedin, S., Atyabi, F., Dinarvand, R., & Rafiee-Tehrani, M. (2010). Preparation and Characterization of Insulin Nanoparticles Using Chitosan and Arabic Gum with Ionic Gelation Method. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine, 6(1), 58–63.
Author Biographies
Silfia Indah Achrifa, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Suyatno Suyatno, Universitas Negeri Surabaya
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Silfia Indah Achrifa, Suyatno Suyatno
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The following terms apply to authors who publish in this journal:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal first publication rights, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License (CC-BY License) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and first publication in this journal.
2. Authors may enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., posting it to an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), acknowledging its initial publication in this journal.
3. Before and during the submission process, authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website), as this can lead to productive exchanges as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
