Comparison of polymer types on physical evaluation of in situ ophthalmic gel preparations: A Review
DOI:
10.29303/jpm.v20i3.8630Published:
2025-05-16Issue:
Vol. 20 No. 3 (2025): May 2025 (in Progress)Keywords:
in situ; Ion-sensitive; Ophthalmic; pH-sensitive; Temperature-sensitiveArticles
Downloads
How to Cite
Downloads
Metrics
Abstract
The development of temperature, pH, and ion-responsive in situ ophthalmic gels aims to enhance drug retention and release efficacy in the eye. Polymers such as Poloxamer (thermosensitive), Gellan Gum (ion-sensitive), and Carbopol (pH-sensitive) exhibit adaptive gelation mechanisms suited to ocular physiological conditions. Poloxamer forms a gel at body temperature, prolonging drug contact duration, while Gellan Gum creates a stable gel network through ionic interactions with lacrimal fluid, increasing viscosity and extending drug release. Carbopol, which transitions into a gel at neutral pH, provides optimal viscosity stability in the ocular environment. This study employs a literature review method, gathering data from indexed journals and scientific publications over the past 10 years. Evaluation results indicate that a combination of Gellan Gum and Methacrylated Gellan Gum at a concentration of 0.6% w/v yields the highest viscosity and encapsulation rate, with a contact time of up to 8 hours, making it an excellent formulation for long-term ophthalmic applications. This paper highlights the significant potential of in situ gels as drug delivery systems, optimizing ophthalmic therapy by enhancing drug viscosity and encapsulation stability.
References
thermosensitive flurbiprofen in situ nano gel for the ocular delivery,” J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 1584–1597, 2021, doi: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1927460.
A. Balu, T. Johnson, R. Sundara, and S. Seetharaman, “Optimization and Evaluation of Temperature Trig-gered in situ Gel Formulation using Design of Experiments (DoE) and HET-CAM Test,” J Nanomed, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 1031, 2020, [Online]. Available: http://meddocsonline.org/
I. S. Kurniawansyah, T. Rusdiana, I. Sopyan, I. F. Desy Arya, H. A. Wahab, and D. Nurzanah, “Comparative Study of In Situ Gel Formulation Based on the Physico-Chemical Aspect: Systematic Review,” Aug. 01, 2023, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). doi: 10.3390/gels9080645.
I. S. Kurniawansyah, T. Rusdiana, I. Sopyan, H. Ramoko, H. A. Wahab, and A. Subarnas, “In situ ophthalmic gel forming systems of poloxamer 407 and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose mixtures for sustained ocular delivery of chloramphenicole: optimization study by factorial design,” Heliyon, vol. 6, no. 11, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05365.
T. Irimia et al., “Chitosan-based in situ gels for ocular delivery of therapeutics: A state-of-the-art review,” Oct. 09, 2018, MDPI AG. doi: 10.3390/md16100373.
P. Adısanoğlu and I. Özgüney, “Development and Characterization of Thermosensitive and Bioadhesive Ophthalmic Formulations Containing Flurbiprofen Solid Dispersions,” Gels, vol. 10, no. 4, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.3390/gels10040267.
A. M. Bodratti and P. Alexandridis, “Formulation of poloxamers for drug delivery,” Jan. 18, 2018, MDPI AG. doi: 10.3390/jfb9010011.
T. Swift, L. Swanson, M. Geoghegan, and S. Rimmer, “The pH-responsive behaviour of poly(acrylic acid) in aqueous solution is dependent on molar mass,” Soft Matter, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 2542–2549, 2016, doi: 10.1039/c5sm02693h.
X. Ni et al., “Preparation and characterization of bear bile-loaded pH sensitive in-situ gel eye drops for ocular drug delivery,” Iran J Basic Med Sci, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 922–929, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2020.45386.10562.
S. Paul, S. Majumdar, and M. Chakraborty, “Revolutionizing ocular drug delivery: recent advancements in in situ gel technology,” Bull Natl Res Cent, vol. 47, no. 1, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.1186/s42269-023-01123-9.
I. S. Kurniawansyah, T. Rusdiana, H. A. Wahab, and A. Subarnas, “Ophthalmic gel with ion activated system,” International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 15–18, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.22159/ijap.2019v11i4.33072.
A. A. Al-Kinani, G. Zidan, N. Elsaid, A. Seyfoddin, A. W. G. Alani, and R. G. Alany, “Ophthalmic gels: Past, present and future,” Feb. 15, 2018, Elsevier B.V. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.017.
Y. Wu et al., “Research progress of in-situ gelling ophthalmic drug delivery system,” Jan. 01, 2019, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. doi: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.04.008.
P. L. Destruel et al., “Novel in situ gelling ophthalmic drug delivery system based on gellan gum and hydroxyethylcellulose: Innovative rheological characterization, in vitro and in vivo evidence of a sustained precorneal retention time,” Int J Pharm, vol. 574, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118734.
D. Berillo, Z. Zharkinbekov, Y. Kim, K. Raziyeva, K. Temirkhanova, and A. Saparov, “Stimuli-responsive polymers for transdermal, transmucosal and ocular drug delivery,” Dec. 01, 2021, MDPI. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122050.
M. DEKA, A. B. AHMED, and J. CHAKRABORTY, “Development, Evaluation And Characteristics of Ophthalmic in situ Gel System: A Review,” Int J Curr Pharm Res, pp. 47–53, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.22159/ijcpr.2019v11i4.34949.
Author Biographies
Hasan Etanov Putra, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Singaperbangsa Karawang
Aliya Azkia Zahra, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Singaperbangsa Karawang
Kania Nurul Aini, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Singaperbangsa Karawang
Muthia Rafifa, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Singaperbangsa Karawang
Verin Sakinah Maulida, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Singaperbangsa Karawang
Lina Maisa Sabrina, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Singaperbangsa Karawang
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Hasan Etanov Putra, Aliya Azkia Zahra, Kania Nurul Aini, Muthia Rafifa, Verin Sakinah Maulida, Lina Maisa Sabrina
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The following terms apply to authors who publish in this journal:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal first publication rights, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License (CC-BY License) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and first publication in this journal.
2. Authors may enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., posting it to an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), acknowledging its initial publication in this journal.
3. Before and during the submission process, authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website), as this can lead to productive exchanges as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
