ADHD in Children: Comprehensive Review of Symptom Manifestations, Predisposing Factors, Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Clinical Interventions

Nila Ahmad Muharis; Lale Justin Amelinda  Elizar

doi:10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10076

ADHD in Children: Comprehensive Review of Symptom Manifestations, Predisposing Factors, Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Clinical Interventions

Authors

Nila Ahmad Muharis , Lale Justin Amelinda Elizar

DOI:

10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10076

Published:

2025-10-01

Issue:

Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember

Keywords:

ADHD, children, neurodevelopmental disorders, hyperactivity, inattention, multidisciplinary management.

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Muharis, N. A., & Elizar, L. J. A. (2025). ADHD in Children: Comprehensive Review of Symptom Manifestations, Predisposing Factors, Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Clinical Interventions. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 25(4), 4933–4941. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10076

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Abstract

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children, characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that are inappropriate for developmental level. This disorder has a significant impact on children's academic, social, and emotional development. This article presents a literature review of risk factors, diagnosis, and management of ADHD in children based on published scientific sources spanning 5 to 10 years. The method used is a systematic literature review of national and international journals. The results of the study indicate that ADHD has a multifactorial etiology and requires an integrated approach to treatment, combining pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. A comprehensive understanding of ADHD is essential to support effective early intervention.

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ADHD in Children: Comprehensive Review of Symptom Manifestations, Predisposing Factors, Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Clinical Interventions

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