Adaptive Hybrid MPPT with Battery-Charging Coordination for PV-Based Lead–Acid Energy Storage Systems
DOI:
10.29303/jpft.v12i1.12165Published:
2026-06-18Downloads
Abstract
This study evaluates a photovoltaic (PV)-based lead–acid battery charging system using a battery-charging-coordinated adaptive hybrid MPPT strategy under dynamic irradiance and PV temperature conditions. Unlike conventional MPPT evaluations that emphasize PV power extraction, this work focuses on coordinating MPPT operation with voltage regulation, current reduction, and PV power adaptation across bulk, constant-voltage, and float modes. The system was modeled in Matlab-Simulink 2025a using a Sankelux SLX-375-72M PV array with in 2p1s configuration, a boost converter, and a 48 V 30 Ah lead–acid battery. P&O was used as the baseline, while the proposed strategy adopts an adaptive hybrid MPPT framework and coordinates it with a battery charge controller. Performance was assessed using mode-sequence validity, transition time, voltage regulation error, overshoot, current reduction, PV power reduction, float-stage PV power fluctuation, and float-voltage stability. The results show that both methods achieved a valid charging sequence from bulk to constant-voltage and float mode. The proposed strategy maintained voltage regulation comparable to the P&O baseline, with an average float voltage of approximately 54.617 V and a float-voltage RSD below 0.16%. In the float stage, the float current decreased from 1.586 A to 1.470 A and the PV power reduction increased from 87.511% to 90.527%. These moderate improvements are relevant because float charging prioritizes voltage holding and current limitation rather than aggressive power extraction. These results suggest that the proposed strategy improves float-stage current and PV power limitation within the simulated scenario, but this benefit is accompanied by higher PV-side power fluctuation during the stabilized float interval. Since the study is limited to simulation with one environmental profile and high initial SOC, further experimental validation, sensitivity analysis, and broader benchmarking are required.
Keywords:
Battery-Oriented MPPT lead–acid battery photovoltaic float chargingReferences
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