Tanaka and Cycling Test of Water Pumpkin Fruit Extract (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.) as Natural Hair Tonic Spray
DOI:
10.29303/jpm.v20i8.10541Published:
2025-12-19Issue:
Vol. 20 No. 8 (2025): Special IssueKeywords:
Hair Tonic; Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.; Tanaka Test; Cycling Test; Water PumpkinArticles
Downloads
How to Cite
Downloads
Metrics
Abstract
Hair loss and slow hair growth remain common cosmetic concerns, while prolonged use of synthetic hair growth agents may pose safety and sustainability issues. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and stability of a natural hair tonic spray formulated from water pumpkin (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.) fruit extract. The extract was prepared using ethanol maceration and incorporated into three formulations with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Effectiveness was assessed through a Tanaka hair growth test on rabbits for 21 days, while stability was evaluated through a 28-day cycling test, involving alternating temperature cycles (2–8°C, 25°C, and 40°C). The results indicated that all formulations exhibited stable organoleptic characteristics, pH, and homogeneity throughout storage. The F3 formula (15%) demonstrated the highest hair growth activity (2.4 cm average length), comparable to the positive control (2.7 cm). The enhanced hair growth effect is attributed to flavonoids and saponins that improve microcirculation around follicles and stimulate keratinocyte proliferation. This research highlights the potential of water pumpkin fruit extract as a sustainable and cost-effective natural alternative to synthetic hair growth agents. Future studies should explore optimization of formulation stability and molecular mechanisms underlying follicular activation.
References
E. F. Apriani, A. Ahmadi, and V. Noviani, “Formulation and evaluation of water fraction hair tonic containing flavonoids from ethanolic extract of green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L.),” Maj. Obat Tradis., vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 77–83, 2021, doi: 10.22146/mot.64663.
A. S. Dewi and S. Ridwan, “Effect of various plant extract concentrations in hair tonic preparations on hair growth activity,” J. Biol. Tropis, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 615–622, 2024, doi: 10.29303/jbt.v24i2.6102.
M. A. Fakhrizal and S. K. H. P. D. Katuk, “Potensi daun katuk dalam mencegah kerontokan rambut,” J. Penelit. Perawat Prof., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 193–200, 2020, doi: 10.37287/jppp.v2i2.87.
B. Harris, “Kerontokan dan kebotakan pada rambut,” Ibnu Sina J. Kedokt., Fak. Kedokt. Univ. Islam Sumatera Utara, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 159–168, 2021, doi: 10.30743/ibnusina.v20i2.1437.
H. Hasma, A. N. Panaungi, and Y. Usman, “Uji fitokimia dan stabilitas fisik sediaan hair tonic ekstrak jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia),” J. MIPA, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 7–12, 2023, doi: 10.35580/mipa.v13i1.30218.
P. Hidayah and F. Saputri, “Potensi daun waru dan kulit apel sebagai bahan aktif hair tonic untuk mengatasi rambut rontok,” J. Tek. Kim. Vokasional, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 23–30, 2021.
Izzatul and S. P. F. P. B. A. F. F., “Peran flavonoid pada berbagai aktivitas farmakologi,” Farmaka, vol. 17, no. 2, 2019.
M. Karmilah, “Efektivitas ekstrak daun cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) sebagai penumbuh rambut terhadap hewan uji kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus),” Riset Inf. Kesehat., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 83–88, 2018, doi: 10.30644/rik.v7i1.137.
R. Let, B. S., and N. K. F., “Formulation and evaluation of neem (Azadirachta indica) extract hair tonic,” J. Surya Med., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 225–229, 2024, doi: 10.33084/jsm.v10i2.6019.
E. T. Mastuti, S. M. Wicahyo, and T. S. Wardani, “Formulasi sediaan hair tonic dari kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun seledri (Apium graveolens L.) dan daun pandan wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.),” 2024, pp. 10871–10884.
K. M. P. H. T. L. M. Nurjanah and S., “Pemanfaatan bahan alami untuk mengurangi rambut rontok,” J. Beauty Beauty Health Educ., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2014.
Z. Oktoba, “Studi etnofarmasi tanaman obat untuk penumbuh rambut,” vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 81–88, 2018.
L. Shantia, N. Marfu’ah, and R. Awaluddin, “Uji efektivitas kombinasi ekstrak buah labu air (Lagenaria siceraria) dan rimpang kunyit (Curcuma domestica) sebagai antibakteri Salmonella typhi secara in vitro,” Pharm. J. Islam, 2021.
W. Siti, A. Gusti, S. R., and Nofita, “Formulasi dan uji stabilitas sediaan gel ekstrak etanol daun asam jawa (Tamarindus indica L.) dengan variasi gelling agent,” J. Mandala Pharmacon Indones., vol. 10, no. 2, 2024, doi: 10.35311/mpi.v10i2.488.
S. Sjamsiah, A. Titik, I. Ekha, and R. Kurnia, “Formulasi sediaan hair tonic dari kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun sirsak,” in Chimica et Natura Acta, A. M. L. D. E. L. Buaya, Ed.
C. Utami and W. S., “Formulasi hair tonic berbahan dasar daun teh (Camellia sinensis) sebagai stimulasi pertumbuhan rambut,” J. Ilm. Ilmu Kesehat. dan Kedokt., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 302–309, 2025.
J. B. Harborne, Phytochemical Methods, 3rd ed. Dordrecht: Springer, 1998, doi: 10.1007/978-94-009-5570-7.
A. O. Barel, M. Paye, and H. I. Maibach, Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology, 4th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2014, doi: 10.1201/b15235.
Z. D. Draelos, Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures, 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell, 2015, doi: 10.1002/9781118655563.
H. Matsuda et al., “Effects of flavonoids on hair growth,” Biol. Pharm. Bull., vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 915–919, 2003, doi: 10.1248/bpb.26.915.
S. Tanaka et al., “Evaluation method for hair growth,” Jpn. J. Pharmacol., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 19–25, 1980, doi: 10.1254/jjp.30.19.
L. Lachman, H. A. Lieberman, and J. L. Kanig, The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1986.
R. C. Rowe, P. J. Sheskey, and M. E. Quinn, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 7th ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 2012, doi: 10.1002/9780857110270.
World Health Organization, Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials. Geneva: WHO, 2011.
OECD, Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2018.
J. H. Zar, Biostatistical Analysis, 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2010.
Author Biographies
Sri Winarni Sofya, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Bumigora University
Lalu Busyairi Muhsin, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Bumigora University
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Winarni Sofya, Lalu Busyairi Muhsin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The following terms apply to authors who publish in this journal:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal first publication rights, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License (CC-BY License) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and first publication in this journal.
2. Authors may enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., posting it to an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), acknowledging its initial publication in this journal.
3. Before and during the submission process, authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website), as this can lead to productive exchanges as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
