The Water Content, Solubility, and Optical Properties of Whey-Gelatin Multilayer Films Enriched with Green Tea Powder

Authors

Fahrullah Fahrullah , Bulkaini Bulkaini , Djoko Kisworo , Wahid Yiulianto , Baiq Rani Dewi Wulandani , Haryanto Haryanto

DOI:

10.29303/jbt.v23i4.5664

Published:

2023-10-05

Downloads

Abstract

This biodegradable packaging is designed to reduce the negative impact on the environment caused by plastic pollution, while still maintaining the shelf life, quality and safety of the packaged food products. The objective of this study was to analyse the moisture content, solubility and optical properties of whey-gelatin multilayer film enriched with green tea powder. This study was conducted experimentally, using a completely randomised design with four treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of P1: gelatin/whey-gelatin (G/WG); P2: gelatin/5% green tea powder/whey-gelatin (G/5% GTP/WG); P3: gelatin/10% green tea powder/ whey-gelatin (G/10% GTP/WG) and P4: gelatin/15% green tea powder/whey-gelatin (G/15% GTP/WG). The moisture content and solubility values of whey-gelatin multilayer films showed significant differences (P<0.01). Moisture content was 33.0204-35.3653%; solubility was 40.19-49.96%. The film enriched with 5% green tea powder (P2) produced the best values of moisture content of 34.3536%, solubility of 47.97% and optical (L*= 61.00; a*= -0.36 and b*= 22.58).

Keywords:

Film, gelatin, green tea, multilayer, whey.

References

Al-Hilifi, S. A., Al-Ibresam, O. T., Al-Hatim, R. R., Al-Ali, R. M., Maslekar, N., Yao, Y., & Agarwal, V. (2023). Development of chitosan/whey protein hydrolysate composite films for food packaging application. Journal of Composites Science, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7030094

Bahram, S., Rezaei, M., Soltani, M., Kamali, A., Ojagh, S. M., & Abdollahi, M. (2014). Whey protein concentrate edible film activated with cinnamon essential oil. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 38(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.12086

Bergo, P., Moraes, I. C. F., & Sobral, P. J. A. (2012). Effects of different moisture contents on physical properties of PVA-Gelatin films. Food Biophysics, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-012-9273-0

Butt, M. S., Akhtar, M., Maan, A. A., & Asghar, M. (2023). Fabrication and characterization of carnauba wax-based films incorporated with sodium alginate/whey protein. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-022-01636-3

Chalob, K. K., & Abdul-Rahman, S. M. (2018). Mechanical, barrier and antioxidant properties of edible films made from whey protein isolate incorporated with green tea extract. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 49(4). https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v49i4.58

Cheng, S. Y., Wang, B. J., & Weng, Y. M. (2015). Antioxidant and antimicrobial edible zein/chitosan composite films fabricated by incorporation of phenolic compounds and dicarboxylic acids. LWT, 63(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.03.030

Dick, M., Costa, T. M. H., Gomaa, A., Subirade, M., Rios, A. D. O., & Flôres, S. H. (2015). Edible film production from chia seed mucilage: Effect of glycerol concentration on its physicochemical and mechanical properties. Carbohydrate Polymers, 130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.040

Fabra, M. J., Busolo, M. A., Lopez-Rubio, A., & Lagaron, J. M. (2013). Nanostructured biolayers in food packaging. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2013.01.004

Fahrullah, Ervandi, M., & Rosyidi, D. (2021). Characterization and Antimicrobial activity of whey edible film composite enriched with clove essential oil. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 44(3). https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2021.44.3.369

Fahrullah, F. (2021). Penggunaan minyak cengkeh dalam aplikasi edible film whey terhadap karakteristik kimiawi dan mikrobiologis keju gouda. Agrointek : Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.21107/agrointek.v15i2.10060

Fahrullah, F., & Ervandi, M. (2022). Karakterisasi mikrostruktur film whey dengan penambahan konjac glucomannan. Agrointek : Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian, 16(3), 403–411. https://doi.org/10.21107/agrointek.v16i3.12303

Fahrullah, F., Eka Radiati, L., Purwadi, & Rosyidi, D. (2020a). The physical characteristics of whey based edible film added with konjac. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.8.1.31

Fahrullah, F., Kisworo, D., Bulkaini, B., Haryanto, H., Wulandani, B. R. D., Yulianto, W., Noersidiq, A., & Maslami V. (2023). The effects of plasticizer types on properties of whey-gelatin films. Jurnal Biologi Tropis. 23(3), 414–421. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i3.5283

Fahrullah, F., Noersidiq, A., & Maruddin, F. (2022). Effects of glycerol plasticizer on physical characteristic of whey-konjac films enriched with clove essential oil. Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control, 9(4), 226–233. https://doi.org/10.18502/jfqhc.9.4.11377

Fahrullah, F., Radiati, L. E., Purwadi, P., & Rosyidi, D. (2020). The effect of different plasticizers on the characteristics of whey composite edible film. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Hasil Ternak, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jitek.2020.015.01.4

Galus, S., & Kadzińska, J. (2016). Moisture sensitivity, optical, mechanical and structuralproperties of whey protein-based edible films incorporatedwith rapeseed oil. Food Technol Biotechnol, 54(1), 78–89. https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.54.01.16.3889

Giménez, B., López de Lacey, A., Pérez-Santín, E., López-Caballero, M. E., & Montero, P. (2013). Release of active compounds from agar and agar-gelatin films with green tea extract. Food Hydrocolloids, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2012.05.014

Gómez-Estaca, J., Gavara, R., Catalá, R., & Hernández-Muñoz, P. (2016). The Potential of proteins for producing food packaging materials: A review. Packaging Technology and Science, 29(4-5). https://doi.org/10.1002/pts.2198

Gontard, N., Duchez, C., Cuq, J. ‐L, & Guilbert, S. (1994). Edible composite films of wheat gluten and lipids: water vapour permeability and other physical properties. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb02045.x

Guo, J., Ge, L., Li, X., Mu, C., & Li, D. (2014). Periodate oxidation of xanthan gum and its crosslinking effects on gelatin-based edible films. Food Hydrocolloids, 39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.01.026

Homthawornchoo, W., Han, J., Kaewprachu, P., Romruen, O., & Rawdkuen, S. (2022). Green tea extract enrichment: Mechanical and physicochemical properties improvement of rice starch-pectin composite film. Polymers, 14(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14132696

Kaewprachu, P., Osako, K., Benjakul, S., Tongdeesoontorn, W., & Rawdkuen, S. (2016). Biodegradable protein-based films and their properties: A Comparative Study. Packaging Technology and Science, 29(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/pts.2183

Kaiser, K., Schmid, M., & Schlummer, M. (2018). Recycling of polymer-based multilayer packaging: A review. Recycling, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling3010001

Kanmani, P., & Rhim, J. W. (2014). Properties and characterization of bionanocomposite films prepared with various biopolymers and ZnO nanoparticles. Carbohydrate Polymers, 106(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.007

Lee, Y. Y., Elaine, Yusof, Y. A., & Pui, L. P. (2020). Development of milk protein edible films incorporated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. BioResources, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.6960-6973

Maniglia, B. C., De Paula, R. L., Domingos, J. R., & Tapia-Blácido, D. R. (2015). Turmeric dye extraction residue for use in bioactive film production: Optimization of turmeric film plasticized with glycerol. LWT, 64(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.07.025

Maruddin, F., Ratmawati, R., Fahrullah, F., & Taufik, M. (2018). Karakterisitik edible film berbahan whey dangke dengan penambahan karagenan. Jurnal Veteriner, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2018.19.2.291

Moeini, A., Pedram, P., Fattahi, E., Cerruti, P., & Santagata, G. (2022). Edible polymers and secondary bioactive compounds for food packaging applications: Antimicrobial, mechanical, and gas barrier properties. Polymers, 14(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14122395

Munir, S., Javed, M., Hu, Y., Liu, Y., & Xiong, S. (2020). The effect of acidic and alkaline ph on the physico-mechanical properties of surimi-based edible films incorporated with green tea extract. Polymers, 12(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102281

Negara, I. M. S. dan I. nengah Si. (2014). Sintesis dan karakterisasi edible film berbahan baku gelatin hasil isolasi kulit ceker ayam broiler. JURNAL KIMIA, 8 (1): 120-126. https://doi.org/10.24843/JCHEM.2014.v08.i01.p19

Nilsuwan, K., Benjakul, S., & Prodpran, T. (2017). Properties, microstructure and heat seal ability of bilayer films based on fish gelatin and emulsified gelatin films. Food Biophysics, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-017-9479-2

Otoni, C. G., Avena-Bustillos, R. J., Azeredo, H. M. C., Lorevice, M. V., Moura, M. R., Mattoso, L. H. C., & McHugh, T. H. (2017). Recent advances on edible films based on fruits and vegetables-A Review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 16(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12281

Panrong, T., Karbowiak, T., & Harnkarnsujarit, N. (2019). Thermoplastic starch and green tea blends with LLDPE films for active packaging of meat and oil-based products. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100331

Prasanth, M. I., Sivamaruthi, B. S., Chaiyasut, C., & Tencomnao, T. (2019). A review of the role of green tea (camellia sinensis) in antiphotoaging, stress resistance, neuroprotection, and autophagy. Nutrients, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020474

Prgomet, I., Goncalves, B., Domínguez-Perles, R., Pascual-Seva, N., & Barros, A. I. R. N. A. (2017). Valorization challenges to almond residues: Phytochemical composition and functional application. Molecules, 22(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22101774

Rahmi, Q. F., Wulandari, E., & Gumilar, J. (2022). Pengaruh konsentrasi gliserol pada gelatin kulit kelinci terhadap kadar air, ketebalan film, dan laju transmisi uap air edible film. Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Peternakan, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.24198/jthp.v3i1.39444

Ribeiro-Santos, R., de Melo, N. R., Andrade, M., Azevedo, G., Machado, A. V., Carvalho-Costa, D., & Sanches-Silva, A. (2018). Whey protein active films incorporated with a blend of essential oils: Characterization and effectiveness. Packaging Technology and Science, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/pts.2352

Ritchie, H., & Roser, M. (2018). Plastic Pollution - Our World in Data. OurWorldInData.Org

Riyanto, D. N., Utomo, A. R., & Setijawati, E. (2017). Pengaruh penambahan sorbitol terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia edible film berbahan dasar pati gandum. Jurnal Teknologi Pangan Dan Gizi, 16. https://doi.org/10.33508/jtpg.v16i1.1386

Robalo, J., Lopes, M., Cardoso, O., Silva, A. S., & Ramos, F. (2022). Efficacy of whey protein film incorporated with portuguese green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) extract for the preservation of latin-style fresh cheese. Foods, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11081158

Rusli, A., Metusalach, Salengke, & Tahir, M. M. (2017). Karakterisasi edible film karagenan dengan pemlastis gliserol. Jphpi, 20(2).

Siripatrawan, U., & Noipha, S. (2012). Active film from chitosan incorporating green tea extract for shelf life extension of pork sausages. Food Hydrocolloids, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011.08.011

Spotti, M. L., Cecchini, J. P., Spotti, M. J., & Carrara, C. R. (2016). Brea Gum (from Cercidium praecox) as a structural support for emulsion-based edible films. LWT, 68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.12.018

Sukhija, S., Singh, S., & Riar, C. S. (2016). Analyzing the effect of whey protein concentrate and psyllium husk on various characteristics of biodegradable film from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) rhizome starch. Food Hydrocolloids, 60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.03.023

Tongnuanchan, P., Benjakul, S., Prodpran, T., Pisuchpen, S., & Osako, K. (2016). Mechanical, thermal and heat sealing properties of fish skin gelatin film containing palm oil and basil essential oil with different surfactants. Food Hydrocolloids, 56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.12.005

Valdés, A., Martínez, C., Garrigos, M. C., & Jimenez, A. (2021). Multilayer films based on poly(Lactic acid)/gelatin supplemented with cellulose nanocrystals and antioxidant extract from almond shell by-product and its application on hass avocado preservation. Polymers, 13(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13213615

Wang, L., Heising, J., Fogliano, V., & Dekker, M. (2020). Fat content and storage conditions are key factors on the partitioning and activity of carvacrol in antimicrobial packaging. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100500

Wang, Q., Chen, W., Zhu, W., McClements, D. J., Liu, X., & Liu, F. (2022). A review of multilayer and composite films and coatings for active biodegradable packaging. Science of Food, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-022-00132-8

Wu, J., Chen, S., Ge, S., Miao, J., Li, J., & Zhang, Q. (2013). Preparation, properties and antioxidant activity of an active film from silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) skin gelatin incorporated with green tea extract. Food Hydrocolloids, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2012.11.029

Wulandari, D. (2016). Pembuatan edible film berbahan gelatin kulit sapi split dengan penambahan level gliserol. Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit, 15(1).

Xing, L., Zhang, H., Qi, R., Tsao, R., & Mine, Y. (2019). Recent advances in the understanding of the health benefits and molecular mechanisms associated with green tea polyphenols. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 67 (4). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06146

Yavari Maroufi, L., Ghorbani, M., & Tabibiazar, M. (2020). A gelatin-based film reinforced by covalent interaction with oxidized guar gum containing green tea extract as an active food packaging system. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 13(9). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-020-02509-7

Author Biographies

Fahrullah Fahrullah, Universitas Mataram

Author Origin : Indonesia

Bulkaini Bulkaini, Universitas Mataram

Author Origin : Indonesia

Djoko Kisworo, Universitas Mataram

Author Origin : Indonesia

Wahid Yiulianto, Universitas Mataram

Author Origin : Indonesia

Baiq Rani Dewi Wulandani, Universitas Mataram

Author Origin : Indonesia

Haryanto Haryanto, Universitas Mataram

Author Origin : Indonesia

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

How to Cite

Fahrullah, F., Bulkaini, B., Kisworo, D., Yiulianto, W., Wulandani, B. R. D., & Haryanto, H. (2023). The Water Content, Solubility, and Optical Properties of Whey-Gelatin Multilayer Films Enriched with Green Tea Powder. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 23(4), 491–499. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i4.5664

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 3 4 > >> 

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.